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<i>In this article, the author analyses types of Europeanisation: top-down, bottom-up,
horizontal, circular, and looks at Latvian involvement in the EU CSDP capability project
- EU Battlegroups. Additionally, the author analyses the EU CSDP strategies in 2003 and
2016 with emphasis on key threats and key directions of action for the security of the EU. If
it is necessary, EU Battlegroups can become involved to secure the EU. In the article, the
author examines Latvian involvement in EU Battlegroups and changes in political planning
documents and legal acts regarding EU Battlegroups. The author shows that for the future,
it is necessary to involve an EU Battlegroup in real action in the area of operations, and
that it is necessary to initiate discussions on a possible review and evaluation of the format
of the EU Battlegroup.</i>

Purpose – The main aim of this article was to analyze and evaluate EU legislation concerning the concept of circular economy. Throughout the paper the author presents the main aims and challenges pertaining to the implementation, by the member states, of the directives implementing the concept of circular economy into the EU legal system by discussing the legislative steps necessary to take within the next years, on the basis of Polish waste management system.

The main aim of this article was to analyze and evaluate EU legislation concerning the concept of circular economy. Throughout the paper the author presents the main aims and challenges pertaining to the implementation, by the member states, of the directives implementing the concept of circular economy into the EU legal system by discussing the legislative steps necessary to take within the next years, on the basis of Polish waste management system.

The report analyses the EU's maritime security operations so far undertaken under the CSDP, the counter-piracy operation ATALANTA in the Indian Ocean and the counter-smuggling operation SOPHIA in the Mediterranean Sea.