Suchergebnisse

In this research, socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence the development of the rural community of Las Perlas, Ticuantepe analyzed. This research was conducted because cultural variations such as education, gender relations, worldview, the cultural patterns of production, the producer shape behavior and affect their production practices. The methodology was qualitative surveys were applied to obtain information about each variable, and interviews allowed strengthening the information. The main results of socioeconomic factors is education, where 86.7% have primary and secondary education, higher education and none, the salary received by producers is 3,000 and is below the national average of 3,448 cordobas . 80% of families have a family composition between two and four people, so the monthly income fails to meet basic needs. No woman owns land, exacerbating gender disparities, 80% of people do not belong to any organization, only 20% belong to political organizations. It is concluded that the fledgling organization, land tenure, low income and institutional political aspect affecting rural community development.Keywords: Culture, cultural pattern, household production, socioeconomic factors, worldview, cultural vision of development ; En esta investigación se analizaron los factores socioeconómicos y culturales que inciden en el desarrollo rural de la comunidad de Las Perlas, municipio de Ticuantepe. La premisa de que se parte se sustenta en que las variantes culturales como: la educación, las relaciones de género, la cosmovisión, los patrones culturales de producción, moldean el comportamiento del productor e inciden en sus prácticas productivas. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa, se aplicaron encuestas para obtener información sobre cada variable, y entrevistas que permitieron reforzar la información. Entre los principales resultados de los factores socioeconómicos, está la educación, donde el 86.7% tienen educación primaria y secundaria, y ninguno con educación superior, el salario percibido por los productores es de 3,000 y está por debajo de la media nacional que es de 3,448 córdobas. El 80% de las familias tienen una composición familiar entre dos y cuatro personas, por tanto el ingreso económico mensual no logra satisfacer las necesidades básicas. Ninguna mujer es dueña de la tierra, lo que acentúa las disparidades de género, el 80% de los pobladores no pertenecen a ninguna organización, solamente el 20% pertenecen a organizaciones políticas. Se concluye que la incipiente organización, la tenencia de la tierra, los bajos ingresos y el aspecto político institucional inciden en el desarrollo rural de la comunidad.Palabras clave: Cultura, patrón cultural, unidad doméstica de producción, factores socioeconómicos, cosmovisión, visión cultural del desarrollo.

В статье рассматривается работа с кадровым резервом как современная проблема управления персоналом образовательной организации. Автором проводится анализ законодательства Российской Федерации в сфере образования. Анализируется социальноэкономическая обстановка в Российской Федерации. Обозначается цель, место и роль системы образования в развитии экономики и благосостояния Российской Федерации. Автор статьи подтверждает изменение роли руководителя образовательной организации, потому что повышается степень его свободы и уровень ответственности. Определяются факторы, влияющие на кадровую ситуацию в системе образования. Рассматриваются требования к современному руководителю образовательной организации. Проводится кадровый анализ руководителей системы образования Оренбургской области. Выявляются противоречия между квалификационными требованиями и уровнем квалификации руководителей. Автор статьи проводит анализ работ по управлению персоналом А. Я. Кибанова, Е.А. Митрофановой, В. А. Дятлова, Л.В. Ивановской, С. И. Сотниковой, В. В. Травина, С. В. Шекшни и др. Автор статьи уточняет понятия «управление персоналом», «система управления персоналом», «кадровый резерв». Обосновывается необходимость работы с кадровым резервом. Уточняются причины, сдерживающие развитие кадрового резерва. В заключении автором предлагается продолжить работу по разработке рекомендаций, которые позволят усовершенствовать систему управления персоналом в образовательных организациях. ; In article work with a personnel reserve as a modern problem of human resource management of the educational organization is considered. The author carries out the analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation in education. The social and economic situation in the Russian Federation is analyzed. The purpose, a place and a role of an education system in development of economy and welfare of the Russian Federation is designated. The author of article confirms change of a role of the head of the educational organization because degree of his freedom and a level of responsibility raises. The factors influencing a personnel situation in an education system are defined. Requirements to the modern head of the educational organization are considered. The personnel analysis of heads of an education system of the Orenburg region is carried out. Contradictions between qualification requirements and a skill level of heads come to light. The author of article carries out the analysis of works on human resource management of A. Ya. Kibanov, E.A. Mitrofanova, V. A. Dyatlov, L.V. Ivanovskaya, S. I. Sotnikova, V. V. Travin, S. V. Shekshni, etc. The author of article specifies the concepts «human resource management», «personnel management system», «personnel reserve». Need of work with a personnel reserve locates. The reasons constraining development of a personnel reserve are specified. In the conclusion the author offers to continue work on development of recommendations which will allow to improve a personnel management system in the educational organizations.

Сформулирована проблема организации жизнедеятельности граждан пожилого возраста в соответствии с принципами активного долголетия в Российской Федерации. Представлены составляющие аспекты данной проблемы. Цель статьи сформулировать направления в решении данной проблемы. Актуализированы факторы, оказывающие влияние на социальную активность граждан пожилого возраста: пол и возраст, образование, здоровье, режим занятости, виды пенсии. Обозначены результаты анализа предприятий Томской и Кемеровской области на предмет организации труда граждан пожилого возраста. Выявлено, что в большинстве предприятий отсутствуют специальные условия организации труда для сотрудников пожилого возраста. Проанализировано трудовое законодательство РФ и выделены статьи, касающиеся организации трудовой деятельности пенсионеров. Определено, что в большинстве случаев работодатели не создают специальных условий труда для сотрудников пожилого возраста. Сделан вывод о том, что в России присутствуют позитивные стереотипы о необходимости ценить вклад в трудовую деятельность, сделанный сотрудниками пожилого возраста, который необходимо развивать. Предложено ввести элементы гериатрического воспитания в систему высшего образования с целью формирования сознательного отношения человека к зрелому этапу своей жизни. Актуализированы различные формы участия граждан пожилого возраста в социальной жизни: включение в систему образования на протяжении жизни, включение в волонтерскую деятельность, создание системы взаимопомощи. ; The author has stated the problem of organizing life for senior citizens in accordance with the principles of active longevity in the Russian Federation. The paper introduces the components of the problem. The aim of the research is to state the directions in solving this problem. The author actualized the factors influencing social activity of senior citizens: age and gender, education, health, employment regime, types of pension. The paper indicates the results of the analysis of enterprises in Tomsk and Kemerovo regions concerning organization of work for senior citizens. It was revealed that the majority of enterprises have no special conditions of work organization for older employees. The author analyzed the labor legislation of the Russian Federation and highlighted the articles relating to the pensioner work organization, and determined that in most cases, the employers do not provide special working conditions for older employees. It was concluded that in Russia there are positive stereotypes about the need to appreciate the contribution to employment, made by the elderly staff, which should be developed. The author proposes to introduce the elements of geriatric education into the higher education system in order to form the conscientious attitude of a man to the mature phase of his/her life, and actualizes various forms of elderly people participation in social life: inclusion in the education system throughout life, in volunteer activities, a system of mutual aid.

El presente artículo analiza el papel de la escuela en la educación ambiental para promover espacios de reflexión y diseño de actividades en la construcción de conocimientos significativos donde el contacto del estudiante con el entorno lo lleva a plantear soluciones de acuerdo con sus posibilidades, necesidades y expectativas. Actualmente, nuestro país y el mundo se mueven en la búsqueda de posibles soluciones para enfrentar la crisis ambiental del planeta. Es por esto que los gobiernos, las universidades y los colegios desarrollan programas tendientes a diseñar políticas y estrategias generales y particulares que permitan aproximarse al equilibrio en las relaciones del hombre con la naturaleza y de ésta con la transformación de los contextos que habitan. Se propone la conceptualización y la sensibilización de la educación ambiental por parte de la comunidad educativa para fortalecer elementos metodológicos y estrategias para el desarrollo de actividades que conlleven a hacer de la escuela un espacio dinámico con el ánimo de proyectarla y hacerla partícipe de la dinámica social, para transformar el entorno y participar de la construcción de un mundo mejor. Finalmente, el artículo busca, a partir del manejo adecuado de los residuos sólidos, diseñar y aplicar estrategias para generar sentido de pertenencia y responsabilidad social con la educación ambiental.AbstractThis article reflects on the role of schools in environmental education to promote opportunities for reflection and design activities in the construction of significant knowledge of the student where contact with the environment led him to propose possible solutions according to their capabilities, needs and expectations. Our country and the world moves in the search for possible solutions to address the global environmental crisis, which is why governments, universities and colleges make programs to develop policies and strategies that enable individuals and close to balance in the relations between man and nature and between them and the transformation of the contexts they inhabit Proposes the concept and awareness of environmental education by the educational community to strengthen the methodological and strategies for the development of activities that lead to making the school a dynamic space with the aim to project and make it part of the social dynamics to transform the environment and participate in building a better world. Finally, the article seeks from proper management of solid waste and implement strategies designed to generate a sense of belonging and social responsibility with environmental education.Keywords: Context, Environmental Education, Methodological Strategies, Leisure, Environment, Education, Environmental Issues, Solid Waste

El neoliberalismo en el que nos encontramos actualmente es la última etapa del capitalismo, la más despiadada, y se caracteriza por una crisis económica, social y democrática latente. Las sociedades actuales, viven en una guerra constante, donde el racismo, la globalización y las injusticias sociales son las protagonistas indiscutibles de nuestros días. Frente a esta situación, la educación tiene el poder de luchar contra esta realidad. Es importante ser conscientes del fundamental papel político que tiene la educación, ya que moldea la forma en que los futuros ciudadanos piensan, desean y actúan. La educación tiene en sus manos la creación de intelectuales que luchen contra la opresión y puedan ser agentes de cambio social. La educación superior es, por ello, una de las pocas esferas públicas que tienen la posibilidad de mantener una cultura democrática real y cambiar así el rumbo de la historia ; Nowadays we find ourselves in a socio-political situation called neoliberalism, the last stage of capitalism, the most ruthless, and is characterized by a latent economic, social and democratic crisis. Modern societies are living in a constant war where racism, globalization and social injustice are the undisputed protagonists of today. Faced with this situation, education has the power to fight against this reality. It is important to be aware of the fundamental political role of education, considering that shapes the way in which future citizens think, wish and act. Education has in his hands the power of create intellectuals who fight against oppression and to be agents of social change. Higher education is therefore one of the few public spheres that has the ability to have a real democratic culture and thus change the course of history ; O neoliberalismo em que nos encontramos atualmente é o último estágio do capitalismo, o mais cruel, e é caracterizado por uma crise econômica, social e democrático latente. As sociedades modernas, que vivem em uma guerra constante, onde o racismo, a globalização e injustiça social são as estrelas indiscutíveis de hoje. Perante esta situação, a educação tem o poder de lutar contra esta realidade. É importante estar ciente do papel político fundamental da educação, e que molda a forma pela qual os futuros cidadãos pensam, querem e agem. A educação tem em suas mãos a criação de intelectuais que lutam contra a opressão e ser agentes de mudança social. O ensino superior é, portanto, uma das poucas esferas públicas que têm a capacidade de ter uma cultura democrática real e, assim, mudar o curso da história

Durante los últimos años los organismos gubernamentales han reconocido a la adolescencia como una etapa vulnerable en la vida de un ser humano y han dado énfasis a la educación sexual como factor protector para enfrentar al embarazo adolescente, que se ha convertido en unos de los problemas más relevantes colocando al Ecuador con uno de los porcentajes más altos en América Latina. Se ha evidenciado que en la educación del Ecuador existe un vacío importante en las aulas de clases y en el abordaje de educación sexual, razón por la cual el presente trabajo de investigación se enfocó en conocer las visiones de los docentes de los colegios de la ciudad de Cuenca respecto a la sexualidad y la educación sexual de sus estudiantes adolescentes, mediante un enfoque cualitativo, que recolectó la información por medio de cuatro grupos focales realizados con los docentes de colegios tanto fiscales como particulares en la ciudad. Los resultados demuestran que la concepción de los docentes sobre sexualidad sigue siendo sesgada relacionando este tema únicamente con relaciones sexuales. Otro de resultado importante es la falta de conocimiento de derechos sexuales y reproductivos lo que lleva al ejercicio nulo de los mismos, generando un desfase entre lo que promulgan los documentos de los organismos gubernamentales con lo que sucede realmente en la aulas de clase. ; In recent years, government agencies have recognized adolescence as a vulnerable stage in the life of a human being and have emphasized sex education as a protective factor for dealing with adolescent pregnancy, which has become one of the most revelant problems, placing Ecuador with one of the highest rates in Latin America. It has been shown that in the education of Ecuador there is a significant lacking in the classroom and in the approach to sex education, which is why this research is focused on knowing the views of teachers from schools in the city Basin regarding sexuality and sexual education of their adolescent students through a qualitative approach, the information collected through four focus groups with teachers in schools both fiscal and individuals in the city. The results demonstrate the lack of knowledge of sexual and reproductive rights which leads to no practical thereof, generating a significant gap between what documents promulgated by government agencies with what actually happens in the classroom. ; Magíster en Educación y Desarrollo del Pensamiento ; Cuenca

В статье рассказывается о лонгитюдном исследовании «Условия эффективного дошкольного, начального и среднего образования», проводившемся в Великобритании с 1997 по 2014 гг. Отмечается, что исследование стало самым масштабным лонгитюдным проектом в Европе. Автор подчеркивает сложность организации лонгитюдных исследований, связанную с необходимостью планирования исследования на несколько лет вперед, а также с возможностью смены политического режима или изменения экономической ситуации. Исследование проходило в четыре этапа, на каждом из которых проводилось множество целенаправленных срезов, было собрано и обработано огромное количество данных, которые затем классифицировались по направлениям и публиковались в виде подробных тематических отчетов. Лонгитюдная природа исследования позволила выявить, насколько долговременным является эффект дошкольного образования, и насколько важную роль дошкольное образование высокого качества играет для всего последующего развития ребенка и его будущих академических успехов или неудач оно создает прочный фундамент для всего последующего обучения и развития ребенка. Выводы, сделанные исследователями, помогли информировать развитие образовательной политики в Великобритании был сделан акцент на развитие целенаправленных программ и улучшение качества образования в дошкольных учреждениях, вовлечение родителей в образовательный процесс на ранних этапах развития ребенка и осознанный поиск способов снизить влияние отрицательных факторов в развитии ребенка. ; The article describes a longitudinal study called "Conditions of Effective Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Education" what was conducted in the United Kingdom in 1997 and 2014. It is noted that the study is Europe's biggest longitudinal project as of today. The author underlines the complexity of longitudinal studies stemming from the need to plan one for several years ahead and possible changes in the political or economic situation. The study was conducted in four stages, each of which took a great number of targeted cross-sections, a huge amount of data was collected and processed, which was subsequently classified by areas and detailed case reports published. The longitudinal nature of the study revealed the long-term effect early childhood education has and the important role high-quality early childhood education plays in child's subsequent development and his future academic success or failure it creates a solid foundation for all future learning and development. The researchers' conclusions helped to shape the development of the UK educational policy by placing an emphasis on the development of targeted programs and improving the quality of pre-school education, by involving parents in the educational process in the early stages of child development and a deliberate search of ways to reduce the impact of negative factors on child development.

Abstrak Pendidikan merupakan salah satu elemen bangsa yang sangat penting peranannya untuk mendukung pemerintah demi terwujudnya pendidikan yang berkompeten dan bermutu. Pemerintah tidak hanya menyelenggarakan pendidikan formal, melainkan pendidikan non formal salah satunya Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar yang bertujuan memberikan solusi bagi siswa yang mengalami kesulitan atau hambatan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Dalam bimbingan belajar juga membutuhkan tenaga pendidik yang profesional atau yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah tentor. Profesi sebagai tentor dapat dilakukan oleh seorang mahasiswa salah satunya mahasiswa Unesa, dengan modal prestasi akademik yang baik dan memiliki keahlian komunikasi yang baik. Mahasiswa harus menguasai panggung depan sebagai tentor agar dapat menarik simpati siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori dramaturgi Erving Goffman panggung depan dan panggung belakang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan Erving Goffman. Dari temuan di lapangan, mahasiswa sebagai tentor mampu memerankan perannya secara baik di panggung depan dengan cara menguasai ekspresi muka dan perlengkapan yang dibawa ketika mengajar di lembaga bimbingan belajar. Sedangkan penyempurnaan drama di panggung belakang dengan cara menutupi kehidupan yang sebenarnya mengenai perilaku dan penampilannyadalam menghilangkan kepenatan sebagai tentor. Kata Kunci : Lembaga bimbingan belajar, Tentor, Praktik Dramaturgi Abstract Education is one of the most important elements of the nation's role in support of the government for the creation of a competent and quality education. The government is not only formal education, non-formal education but one Tutoring Institute which aims to provide a solution for students who are experiencing difficulties or obstacles in the learning process in schools. In the study guidance also requires that professional educators or better known as the tutor. Profession as a tutor can be done by a student of one of the students of Surabaya in, with a capital good academic record and have good communication skills. Students must master the next stage as a tutor in order to lure students. This study uses the theory of Erving Goffman's dramaturgical front stage and back stage. The method used is qualitative research methods to approach Erving Goffman. From the findings in the field, as a student tutor is able to play its role as well in the next stage by mastering facial expressions and equipment are taken when teaching in a tutoring agency. While improvements in the stage play back in a way to cover the actual life of the behavior and appearance in eliminating fatigue as a tutor. Keywords: Tutoring agency, Tentor, Practice Dramaturgy

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) unsur instrinsik dan (2) nilai pendidikan karakter yang ada dalam novel Buung.Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Buung.Objek penelitian ini adalah struktur instrinsik dan nilai pendidikan karakter yang ada dalam novel Buung.Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi pustaka juga metode dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan tahapan (1) Identifikasi data, (2) klasifikasi data, (3) penyimpulan. Struktur instrinsik ada enam yaitu (1) tema, (2) alur, (3) latar, (4) tokoh dan penokohan, (5) sudut pandang, dan (6) amanat. Keenam stuktur instrinsik ini dapat ditemukan di dalam novel Buung. Nilai pendidikan karakter yang bisa dijumpai di novel Buung ada sepuluh yaitu: religius, jujur, kerja keras, demokratis, cinta tanah air, bersahabat, cinta damai, percaya diri, peduli lingkungan dan tanggung jawab. Dapat disimpulkan novel Buung ini unsur novel yang sudah sesuai dengan unsur-unsur pembangun novel dan nilai pendidikan karakter yang terdapat di novel Buung bisa dijadikan pedoman dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat.Semoga hasil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembinaan bahasa Bali khususnya dalam novel.Kata Kunci : Instrinsik, pendidikan karakter, novel This study aimed to describe (1) the intrinsic elements and (2) the value of education existing characters in the novel Buung. Subjects in this study is novel Buung. The object of this study is the intrinsic structure and the educational value of existing characters in the novel Buung. This study was designed as a descriptive study and data collection is done by using the literature and methods of documentation. Data analysis method used is descriptive qualitative phases (1) Identification of data, (2) data classification, (3) inference. Intrinsic structure there are six, namely (1) theme, (2) plot, (3) conclusion, (4) character and characterizations, (5) point of view, and (6) moral value. Sixth intrinsic structure can be found in the novel Buung. The value of character education can be found in the novel Buung there are ten, namely: religious, honest, hard work, democracy, patriotism, friendship, love peace, confidence, environmental care and responsibility. It can be concluded this Buung novel, novel element that is in conformity with the elements of the novel builders of character education and values contained in the novel Buung can be used as guidance in social life. Hopefully the results of this study can be beneficial in Balinese language teaching and learning, specially in the novel.keyword : Intrinsic, education existing characters, novel

Nowadays the realization that certain economic units, universities or other objects have impact on the economy of their region comes more and more into prominence. A growing demand appears to generate more precise studies regarding the quantification of economic impact of these entities. The topic of the examination of economic impact is especially interesting and exciting when we can compare regions with different level of development, but with the presence of an internationally successful university. The local economic impact of a large tertiary education institution such as a university is an issue which has attracted considerable attention in literature. Different methods used in literature make results hardly comparable, we use the same method to investigate universities in different countries: in the lack of regional input-output matrices a multiplier based approach for first and second missions (education and research), while an application of Jongbloed?s indicator set for third mission. Generally, there are four substantial problems. First, the definition of impact, second, measuring and estimating first-round expenditures and avoiding double-counting, third, estimating the correct value of the multiplier, fourth, the quantification of the third mission activities. The economic impact study has become a standard tool used by Western universities to persuade state legislatures of the importance of expenditures on higher education. As economic impact studies become a political tool in the review of education, conservative assumptions and methods should be used to promote objectivity in the research process. The goal of our study is to unravel the effects and impact of the University of Szeged (Hungary) and the University of Lorraine (France) regarding their local economy. The topic is quite unique, as the NUTS2 regions in which the examined universities are located in a lagging behind region compared to national average, but per capita GDP is 3.6 higher in Lorraine. On the other hand these universities have the institutional ranking around the 500th place as published on the Academic Ranking of World Universities and employers of about 7000 employees. The socio-economic welfare of the region supposedly depends on the university in Hungary, nevertheless the same amplitude in France. The goal of the study is to attempt the quantification of this presumption. As our results show, the impact per student is in the same magnitude in both countries, however third mission is much more implemented in France. The reasons of this difference can be found in historical facts and in different level of economic development.

Цель исследования определить основные параметры и перспективы этнокультурного образования в России как фактора этносоциализации молодежи. Предметом является процесс этнокультурного образования в Российской Федерации как необходимый компонент формирования у молодежи толерантного отношения к культурный различиям. Методологической основой исследования является системный и структурно-функциональный анализ, а также такие методы как анализ документов, вторичный анализ статистических данных и результатов массовых социологических опросов. Полученные результаты исследования показывают, что, несмотря на эскалацию проблем, связанных с прогрессирующей этнизацией молодежи, государственная политика в области этнокультурного образования является малоэффективной и нерешающей основной своей задачи, а именно формирование у молодежи признания собственной культуры, традиций и языка, а также чувства уважения к культурному достоянию других народов, пропаганда толерантного межкультурного диалога. Вместе с тем, государственные программы предусматривают комплекс мероприятий по внедрению на территории Российской Федерации современных и эффективных моделей этносоциализации молодежи, что дает нам право надеяться на преодоление в будущем прогрессирующей этнизации молодежи. Материал исследования может быть использован в работе органов государственной власти, занимающихся разработкой государственной политики в области образования, а также целесообразно использовать в процессе преподавания курсов, спецкурсов и спецсеминаров по этнополитологии, этносоциологии и этнопедагогики. ; The purpose of the study define the basic parameters and prospects of ethnic-cultural education in Russia as factor ethnic socialization of youth. The subject of the research: process of ethnic-cultural education in Russia as a necessary component of forming at young people tolerant attitude to cultural differences. Methodological basis of the research is systematic and structural-functional analysis, and analysis of documents, secondary analysis of statistical data and the results of polls. The obtained results show that, despite escalating problems associated with progressing ethnic socialization of youth, state policy in the field of ethnic-cultural education is ineffective and does not solve its main problem, namely the formation at young people recognition their own culture, traditions and language, as well as a sense of respect for cultural heritage other peoples. At the same time, government programs involve a set of measures for the implementation of the Russian Federation modern and efficient models ethnic socialization of youth that gives us the right to hope to overcome in the future progressing ethnic socialization of youth. Material research can be used in the work of public authorities involved in the development of public policy in the field of education, and expedient to use in the teaching of courses, special courses and seminars on ethnopolitology, ethnosociology and ethnopedagogy.

A variety of educational and training programs for teachers have long been implemented by the government, but it has not given a significant effect in improving the quality of national education, especially in elementary and secondary education. In fact, even today there are many teachers who have obtained the certificate of an educator, the achievement of quality education tend has not been satisfied. That is because the awarding of educator certification not accompanied by any change in the teacher in carrying out his/her main task. In carrying their tasks, teachers are still stuck, survive, and guided by the old values that tended to be passive. They are just running errands, in one direction teaching, boring, poor creativity, dependence, and others a like. Instead, teachers have not been able to transform themselves in accordance with the demands of competence and work professionalism, which is marked by attitudes and behavior of active learning, achievement-oriented, creative, doing self-development constantly, and so forth. Explicitly, that the effort to improve the quality of education will be difficult to achieve if it is not accompanied by a change in mind set or way of thinking within teacher. Adoption of NAC conception system as a way to change mind set or way of thinking seems noteworthy and need to be applied to teachers. Through that changes, it is expected to be the driving energy for teachers in carrying their task/ job competently and professionally.ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membahas keberlangsungan perubahan dalam diri guru, terutama terkait dengan cara berpikir sejalan dengan tuntutan profesionalisme kerja. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa secara eksplisit, bahwa upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan tergantung dari sikap dan perilaku profesionalisme kerja guru. Berbagai perlakuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan guru mengajar melalui penilaian portofolio dan pendidikan pelatihan profesionalisme guru (PLPG) melalui Lembaga Pendidikan dan Tenaga Kependidikan (LPTK) mengindikasikan masih banyak guru yang telah memperoleh sertifikat pendidik, namun pencapaian mutu pendidikan cenderung masih belum memuaskan. Guru masih terjebak, bertahan, dan berpedoman pada nilai-nilai lama yang cenderung pasif, sekedar menjalankan tugas, pembelajaran searah, membosankan, kurang kreatif, ketergantungan, dan lain sebagainya. Sebaliknya, guru belum mampu mengubah diri sesuai tuntutan kompetensi dan profesionalisme kerja, sikap dan perilaku pembelajaran aktif, berorientasi pada prestasi, interaktif, kreatif, dan melakukan pengembangan diri. Hal ini sulit terwujud apabila tidak disertai dengan perubahan cara berpikir (mind set) diri guru. Pengadopsian konsepsi sistem Neuro Associative Conditioning (NAC) sebagai upaya perubahan cara berpikir, kiranya patut diperhatikan dan diterapkan terhadap guru.

ABSTRACT Economic growth and poverty is an important indicator to see the success of a country's development. This study aims to determine and analyze the two-way influence between economic growth and poverty in Indonesia: (1) The effect of unemployment, poverty, investments and economic growth. (2) The effect of investment, life expectancy, literacy, and length of education, and economic growth on poverty.This study uses panel data or pooled time-series crossection using time series data from the years 2005-2009, and the crossection is that there are 33 provinces in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive and econometric analysis using a model of simultaneous equations (simultaneous equations models) with two-stage least squares method (Two-Stage Least Square 2SLS) using Indirect Least Square (ILS). The results showed that there is a two-way interplay between economic growth and poverty. Significant effect on economic growth in poverty reduction, especially in rural areas there are many pockets of poverty. the opposite of poverty is also a significant effect on economic growth. Through improved access to capital, quality of education (literacy and increased length of education) and health (increased life expectancy) of the poor can increase their productivity in the attempt during the period 2000-2009. The unemployment rate, and significant investment on economic growth. Furthermore, investments in domestic and foreign investments, life expectancy, literacy and school longer a significant effect on the number of poor. Based on these findings the policy the government should do is spur economic growth through the expansion of investment especially in agriculture (agribusiness and agro-industries) in rural areas where many poor people depend. Recommended to the government in order to spur economic growth in urban areas in order to prioritize employment in which informal sector in general the poor do business. Whereas in rural areas run projects that are capital - intensive investment to open up employment opportunities, especially in the agricultural sector. Furthermore, it also advised the government both at central and regional levels through the state budget and regional budgets in order to further enhance the percentage of budget allocation on health and education to improve the quality of human resources of Indonesia's population. In order to improve the quality of human resources in Indonesia suggested that the government should also continue to run the program compulsory 9 (nine) years, and scholarships for children from poor families to achieve to improve the quality of their children. Keyword: Economic growth, poverty, unemployment, and investments

Introduction/Purpose: There are almost twelve million children (years) in Mozambique with minimal access to eye care. [1] Annual screening of school children by teachers for uncorrected refractive error is one of the most cost effective health interventions in Sub Saharan Africa.[2] The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) has recommended that child eye health interventions be incorporated into National School Health Initiatives.[3] In view of the IAPB position this presentation sets out to identify and discuss the main considerations in the design of a child eye health strategy, for the province of Nampula, Mozambique, which aligns itself with broader child health and education strategies. The considerations discussed are relevant to organisations and institutions involved in the provision of primary child eye care through school screening. Methods: A review of published articles and white papers around current international trends in child eye health was performed. The Mozambique national, provincial and district educational and health systems were examined through the 2007 census and other published statistics. Interviews were conducted with representatives of the provincial health and education systems and an external bilateral aid representative. Local potential stakeholders in the child eye health programme were identified and interviewed; these included primary school principals, teachers and representatives from NGOs working locally and nationally. Results: Considerations will be discussed under the following headings: Social; Educational; Community; Health. A School Health policy exists in Mozambique but the implementation of the policy is not consistent in each province. The main considerations in Nampula are the lack of resources in education and health and the extreme poverty in which most children live. Potential areas for positive integration of child eye health were identified in several government run school and community health and education schemes. Conclusion: Highlighting potential barriers and opportunities to programme design ensures that it is sustainable and appropriate to the local setting. Familiarity and engagement with stakeholders in existing child health and educational systems in Nampula, as outlined in this presentation, will inform in the design of a child eye health programme and has the potential enlighten child eye health programme design in other countries. References: 1. UNICEF - Mozambique - Statistics. 2012 16/11/2012]; Available from: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/mozambique_statistics.html. 2. Baltussen, R. and A. Smith, Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat vision and hearing loss in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia: mathematical modelling study. BMJ, 2012. 344: p. e615. 3. Gilbert, C., IAPB Briefing Paper: Integrating eye health into school health programmes, 2011, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Introduction/Purpose: There are almost twelve million children (years) in Mozambique with minimal access to eye care. [1] Annual screening of school children by teachers for uncorrected refractive error is one of the most cost effective health interventions in Sub Saharan Africa.[2] The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) has recommended that child eye health interventions be incorporated into National School Health Initiatives.[3] In view of the IAPB position this presentation sets out to identify and discuss the main considerations in the design of a child eye health strategy, for the province of Nampula, Mozambique, which aligns itself with broader child health and education strategies. The considerations discussed are relevant to organisations and institutions involved in the provision of primary child eye care through school screening. Methods: A review of published articles and white papers around current international trends in child eye health was performed. The Mozambique national, provincial and district educational and health systems were examined through the 2007 census and other published statistics. Interviews were conducted with representatives of the provincial health and education systems and an external bilateral aid representative. Local potential stakeholders in the child eye health programme were identified and interviewed; these included primary school principals, teachers and representatives from NGOs working locally and nationally. Results: Considerations will be discussed under the following headings: Social; Educational; Community; Health. A School Health policy exists in Mozambique but the implementation of the policy is not consistent in each province. The main considerations in Nampula are the lack of resources in education and health and the extreme poverty in which most children live. Potential areas for positive integration of child eye health were identified in several government run school and community health and education schemes. Conclusion: Highlighting potential barriers and opportunities to programme design ensures that it is sustainable and appropriate to the local setting. Familiarity and engagement with stakeholders in existing child health and educational systems in Nampula, as outlined in this presentation, will inform in the design of a child eye health programme and has the potential enlighten child eye health programme design in other countries. References: 1. UNICEF - Mozambique - Statistics. 2012 16/11/2012]; Available from: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/mozambique_statistics.html. 2. Baltussen, R. and A. Smith, Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat vision and hearing loss in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia: mathematical modelling study. BMJ, 2012. 344: p. e615. 3. Gilbert, C., IAPB Briefing Paper: Integrating eye health into school health programmes, 2011, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.