Suchergebnisse

Social identity is a key construct to understand online community life. While existing online identity studies present a relatively static conception of identity, grounded in user profiles and other personal information, in this paper the authors investigate more dynamic aspects of identity, grounded in patterns of social interaction in Facebook community life, drawing on social science research on identity theory and social identity theory. The authors examine the tensions experienced by people between assimilation and differentiation with respect to group identities and role identities. The study provides a framework for understanding how users construct self-presentations in different online social interactions, actively managing identity, rather than merely declaring it in a relatively static profile. The authors speculate on how social computing environments could more effectively support identity presentation.

Esta resenha trata do fenômeno da memória e suas variantes, como a memória coletiva. Nesta obra é demonstrada a relação entre a memória e a identidade dos indivíduos e grupos.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1 The Project -- 2 The Contributions -- 2.1 Part I: Is There a European Sociology? -- 2.2 Part II: Some National Traditions -- 2.3 Part III: Two Views from Afar -- References -- Part I: Is there a European Sociology? -- European Sociology: The Identity Lost? -- 1 On the Identity of European Sociology in the Classical Age -- 2 Classical European Sociology: A Multidimensional Programme -- 3 Has European Sociology Preserved its Identity? -- References -- The Contribution of German Social Theory to European Sociology -- 1 US Hegemony after the Second World War: The Americanisation of European Social Theory -- 2 The Revitalisation of European Social Theory -- 2.1 British Social Theory: Class, Solidarity, and Conflict -- 2.2 French Social Theory: The Power of Structure -- 3 German Social Theory: The Dialectics of Modernity -- 3.1 Kant, Hegel, and Marx -- 3.2 Simmel and Weber -- 3.3 Critical Theory: Horkheimer, Adorno, and Habermas -- 3.4 Systems' Theory: Luhmann -- 3.5 The Critical Turn of Systems' Theory -- 3.6 The Iron Cage of Systems' Theory: Is there any Escape? -- 4 The Dialectics of Progress: The Good and the Dangerous Life in Modern Society -- 5 Between Interrelated Diversity and Anglo-American Cultural Imperialism -- References -- Towards a European Sociology -- 1 Has there Ever Been a European Sociology? -- 2 Sociology and Modernity -- 3 Sociology in Modern Times -- 4 Present Trends -- 5 Tracing the Future of Sociology in its History -- References -- Part II: Some National Traditions -- The Changing British Role in European Sociology -- 1 Britain versus Europe or Sociology as a Foreign Agent -- 2 The Anglo-European Rapprochement in Sociology -- 3 Universalism and the Two Continents -- 4 The New European Sociology -- References.

This dissertation project looks at how identity groups – groups that share eitherethnic, religious or regional characteristics – make allegiance choices at the outbreak of civil conflict. Specifically, I examine whether these groups join the government, the initiating rebel group or pursue self-government. Breaking with much past work on rebel groups that assumes that rebel leaders are autonomous strategic actors, I argue that the choice of whether to ally with the government, the rebels, or neither, can be a function of a non-strategic process: collective resentment toward out-groups. While resentment begins as a top-down mechanism generated by group leaders for personal gain prior to conflict onset, it evolves into a bottom-up mechanism as it integrates into group identity by the time conflicts begin and shapes collective individual preferences against joining with certain conflict actors. My project tests this argument across several levels of analysis. First, a cross-national statistical analysis shows that groups exposed to either violence or repression are less likely to join with the perpetrator of those actions at conflict onset. Second, the survey experiment in Lebanon links exposure to political messaging to resentment toward either the government or another sectarian group and resentment to individual allegiance preferences. Finally, a case study of Syria during the onset of the current civil war in 2011 and interviews conducted in Arabic with Lebanese political leaders show that leaders' allegiance choices are shaped by the collective resentment of their identity group's members. Together, the results indicate that group allegiance at conflict onset is not an exclusively strategic process, with considerable implications for future conflict research.

Three aspects of valuing (competence, value system content, fulfillment) are identified and a concept, axiological maturity, is proposed linking these three aspects. The further proposal that such axiological maturity would be reflected in identity status lead to specific predictions
that scores on the Identity Achievement Status Scale would be significantly related to a measure of valuing competence (The Defining Issues Test, designed to assess principled moral judgment), to a measure of valuing fulfillment (The Purpose-in-Life Test), and to the conjoint valuing of Freedom
and Equality (as assessed by the content-oriented Rokeach Value Survey). These predictions were confirmed and the implications of such confirmations are discussed.

The increasing potency of identity politics across Europe often sees sport acting as a vehicle for the promotion and celebration of regional and sub-national identities. However, while the relationship between sport, the media and national identity has featured in numerous academic and political debates in recent years, the links between sports media and regional identity have received little attention. This seems a curious oversight, because the links between sport and region frequently become a celebration of the local and the distinctive, emblematic of community and continuity. This volume will explore that sense of the counter-hegemonic, where sport is celebrated by a media often keen to promote notions of difference, which might verge on rebellion in some contexts, conceived as resisting global homogeneity or national hegemony. At other times, they may merely reflect a commercial nose for the local audiences tastes, but there is always the sense of preserving something important, a celebration of the diversity that makes us human. This book considers the centrality and cultural significance of particular sports, or clubs, to regional and sub-national identities across Europe and beyond, adopting a comparative approach to the mediatized nature of such portrayals

"This book is an accessible, comprehensive, and nuanced history of Pakistan. It reflects upon state and society in Pakistan and shows they have been shaped by historical forces and personae. Hoodbhoy expertly maps the journey of the region from many millennia ago to the circumstances and impulses that gave birth to the very first state in history founded upon religious identity. He documents colonial rule, the trauma of Partition, the nation's wars with India, the formation of Bangladesh, and the emergence of Baloch nationalism. The book also examines longstanding complex themes and issues - such as religious fundamentalism, identity formation, democracy, and military rule - as well as their impact on the future of the state of Pakistan. Drawing on a range of sources and written by one of the foremost intellectuals of the region, this book will be indispensable for scholars, researchers, students of history, politics and South Asian studies. It will be of great interest to the general reader interested in understanding Pakistan"--

Taking on a leader identity can be a motivating force for pursuing leader development. This chapter explores the reciprocal and recursive nature of identity development and leader development, emphasizing how shifting views of self influence one's motivation to develop as a leader.