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This paper presents the results of a research on punitive attitudes among university students in the city of Manizales (Colombia). It develops a research on general knowledge, beliefs and opinions on aspects related to the criminal and punitive reality in Colombia of this literate population. The text is divided into three parts: in the first part, a descriptive and analytical theoretical framework is offered to understand the current situation of the Colombian criminal policy, characterized by the phenomena of overcriminalization and punitive increases, with special attention to the supposed democratic support of the legislative interventions. The second part gives a brief methodological explanation of the work done and focus on the importance of using the investigation technique of punitive attitudes survey to carry out quantitative and qualitative studies in criminal policy. The third part, exposes, in broad strokes, the results of the survey. Finally, it is shown that even if is true that the population is prone to support punitive measures, their positions are not supported by reliable knowledge about the reality of crime. Likewise, it is shown that the population, regardless of its ideological inclination, is very supportive of alternative measures to imprisonment. ; Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre actitudes punitivas realizada entre estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia). La investigación indaga acerca del conocimiento general, creencias y opiniones sobre aspectos relacionados con la realidad delictual y punitiva en Colombia de esta población alfabetizada. El texto está dividido en tres partes: en la primera, se ofrece un marco teórico descriptivo y analítico para comprender la actual situación de la política criminal colombiana, caracterizada por los fenómenos de sobrecriminalización e incrementos punitivos, con especial atención al supuesto respaldo democrático de las intervenciones legislativas. La segunda parte, presenta una breve explicación metodológica y de la importancia de emplear la técnica de investigación de encuesta de actitudes punitivas para realizar estudios cuantitativos y cualitativos en política criminal. La tercera parte, expone, a grandes rasgos, los resultados de la encuesta realizada. Finalmente, se concluye, que, si bien la población encuestada se muestra en su mayoría favorable para apoyar medidas punitivas, sus posturas no se encuentran respaldadas de un conocimiento fiable sobre la realidad delictual. Asimismo, se demuestra que la población, independiente de su inclinación ideológica, se muestra muy favorable a apoyar medidas alternativas a la prisión. Palabras clave: Actitudes punitivas, pena, delito, medios de comunicación, política criminal, democracia deliberativa.

Aim. The focus of this article is on the advertising communications in modern society. They are considered as phenomenon that can be updated and transformed due to economic, political, social and cultural factors.The subject of analysis is advertising communications as method of social technologies in the globalized world. The aim of the research is the actualization of the philosophic analysis of the advertising communications in the system of the global cultural transformations.The method or methodology of the research. The analysis is based on structural, functional, social, psychological, axiological, social and cultural approaches in the modern cultural context.The results of the research. In this article the advertising communications are considered as affective, providing support for demonstration and consolidation of social standards and values in the social system functioning. They play an important role in the process of social opinion forming and either can have an impact on the common way of life. Advertising communications can have positive as well as negative influence, either have social and cultural purposes.It has been shown in these studies that advertisement communications are a significant social factor that plays a great role in global cultural transformations and as can be seen is successfully used by social technologies. This process has been facilitated due to cultural transformations of XX–XXI centuries.The application field of results. The practical implications are determined by the capability of using these materials by marketers as well as by consumers. Furthermore, they can be used for the working out and teaching of "Advertising Philosophy" discipline together with other subjects that deal with advertising communications. ; Цель. Статья посвящена анализу рекламных коммуникаций на современном этапе развития общества, которые представляют собой уникальное явление, модернизирующееся и трансформирующиеся под воздействием новых экономических, политических, социокультурных и технических условий.Предметом анализа выступают рекламные коммуникации как инструмент социальных технологий в глобализирующемся пространстве современного мира. Цель работы состоит в осуществлении философского анализа рекламных коммуникаций в системе глобальных культурных трансформаций.Метод или методология проведения работы. Анализ заявленной проблемы выполнен на основе структурно-функционального, социально-психологического, аксиологического и социокультурного подходов в контексте современной культурной ситуации.Результаты. В статье анализируются рекламные коммуникации как оказывающие существенную поддержку в плане демонстрации и укрепления норм, ценностей в обществе в целях функционирования социальной системы. Рекламные коммуникации играют роль инструмента убеждения, и могут воздействовать, как на сами ценности, так и на общий уклад жизни. Они могут оказывать, как позитивное, так и негативное влияние, обладать, как экономическим, так социальным и культурным предназначением. В статье показано, что рекламные коммуникации – это существенный феномен социального характера, который играет важнейшую роль в глобальных культурных трансформациях, и как мы видим, успешно используется как инструмент социальных технологий. Этому процессу в большей степени способствовали культурные трансформации, произошедшие в ХХ и происходящие в ХХI веках.Область применения результатов. Практическая значимость исследования состоит в возможности использования материалов для разработки теоретического и прикладного характера как для создателей рекламной продукции, так и ее потребителей. Кроме того, они могут быть использованы для разработки и преподавания в высших учебных заведениях дисциплины «Философия рекламы» и других дисциплин, связанных с рассмотрением рекламных коммуникаций.

Цель политических акций – создание и поддержка определенной структуры политической мифологии. От выбора каналов ее распространения зависел успех акций. В советский период печатные издания считались самыми эффективными, являлись главными поставщиками и производителями мифов. ; The purpose of political campaigns is to create and support certain structure of political mythology. The success of the campaigns depends on the choice of promotional channels. In Soviet Union printed materi-als were considered to be the most effective channels and they were the main distributors and makers of myths.

У статті відображається зв'язок між політичними подіями 1991 року в Україні та перейменуванням одеських газет. Показано причини і результат зміни назв. ; В статье отражается связь между политическими событиями 1991 года в Украине и переименованием одесских газет. Показаны причины и результат изменения названий. ; The article reflects the relationship between political events in Ukraine in 1991 and renaming Odessa newspapers. It shows the reasons and results of the titles changes.

У статті розглянута позиція деяких одеських газет у період з 1989 по 1991 рр., їх реакція на розпад Радянського Союзу та проголошення незалежності України. ; В статье рассмотрена позиция некоторых одесских газет в период с 1989 по 1991 гг., их реакция на распад Советского Союза и провозглашение независимости Украины. ; In this article the position of some Odessa newspapers in 1989–1991 and their reaction to the collapse of the Soviet Union and reaching of the independence of Ukraine are shown.

In general the text created by Web 2.0 community reflects the vitality of patriarchal culture in Lithuania. What is wonder that the theme of feminism and feminists as a social phenomenon and problem is actually ignored as well- it is a peculiarity that distinguishes the tex X from the most texts created by Web 2.0 community in response to the publications related to gender equality and discrimination issues published in DELFI It. since the possibility to comment publications has been introduced in the portal. The refusal to develop feminist topic in the text may be related rather to the rising of political correctness, i.e. self- censorship than to actual deconstruction of feminism as a public evil in popular discourse. At the same lime, one may suggest that in present Lithuania where the highest political jiuai u.c held by women, feminism potentially receives at least a neutral meaning in popular discourse. Despite the fact that the Office' activity is not directly reflected in the text, research data allows to make some conclusions in relation to significance of the Office in Lithuania. First of all, there is lack of knowledge about the main principles of the both Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men and Law of Equal Treatment and, consequently, about institutional competences to secure implementation of these laws. Second, gender equality and discrimination are seen superficially in many cases, for example, equality is often confused with the leveling. It may indicate the presence of the gaps in the educational activities of equal rights and opportunities, and insufficient publicity of the Office's activities as well.

В данной статье представлены результаты контент-анализа газетных статей, посвященных тематике военного конфликта в Ираке 2003-2011гг. с целью выявления такого способа языкового манипулирования на уровне слова, как изменение ассоциативного поля. Рассмотрены ассоциативные ряды таких понятийных областей, как «Ирак» (Саддам Хуссейн; политический режим; нация) и «США» (армия; нация). ; This article reviews the results of the content analysis of the newspaper articles covering the military operation in Iraq (2003-2011) with the aim of revealing such a method of language manipulation as the changing of the associative fields. There are reviewed associative fields of such conceptual areas as "Iraq" (Saddam Hussein, political regime, nation) and "the USA" (army, nation).

In general the text created by Web 2.0 community reflects the vitality of patriarchal culture in Lithuania. What is wonder that the theme of feminism and feminists as a social phenomenon and problem is actually ignored as well- it is a peculiarity that distinguishes the tex X from the most texts created by Web 2.0 community in response to the publications related to gender equality and discrimination issues published in DELFI It. since the possibility to comment publications has been introduced in the portal. The refusal to develop feminist topic in the text may be related rather to the rising of political correctness, i.e. self- censorship than to actual deconstruction of feminism as a public evil in popular discourse. At the same lime, one may suggest that in present Lithuania where the highest political jiuai u.c held by women, feminism potentially receives at least a neutral meaning in popular discourse. Despite the fact that the Office' activity is not directly reflected in the text, research data allows to make some conclusions in relation to significance of the Office in Lithuania. First of all, there is lack of knowledge about the main principles of the both Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men and Law of Equal Treatment and, consequently, about institutional competences to secure implementation of these laws. Second, gender equality and discrimination are seen superficially in many cases, for example, equality is often confused with the leveling. It may indicate the presence of the gaps in the educational activities of equal rights and opportunities, and insufficient publicity of the Office's activities as well.