Suchergebnisse

European society is currently facing several important challenges. One of the most significant is the challenge of mass illegal migration, which encompasses security, political, economic, social, societal, legislative and many other aspects. Migration thus represents a very complex problem, the solution of which is by no means not simple. It requires the adoption of a number of comprehensive, mutually synergistic measures and steps, both at the level of the European Union as a whole and at the level of individual Member States. That is also why the author deals with the issue of mass illegal migration to the EU in the article. The author´s interdisciplinary research primarily draws on official information and data published by competent European and other institutions, while using relevant scientific methods aimed at showing that migration represents a very complex and multifaceted phenomenon and, in recent years, one of the greatest challenges for the European Union.

This study estimates the effect of macroeconomic and control factors on the capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks in Vietnam. Using the feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS), the following factors are statistically significant in affecting the capital adequacy ratio: national governance quality, economic growth, COVID-19, bank size, liquidity, and leverage. This study also highlights the role of compliance in maintaining capital adequacy during a global crisis, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, because commercial banks need more capital to absorb shocks in the financial instability period caused by the pandemic. Besides, the author emphasizes that in developing countries, especially Vietnam, the government needs to ensure national governance quality, such as political stability and regulatory quality, to increase additional capital buffers to protect them from losses or bankruptcies. Furthermore, the author conducts robustness tests to enhance the reliability and impartiality of the research findings. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-010 Full Text: PDF

This article is devoted to the phenomenon of "choreographic futurizing." The author describes choreographies that express opposition to Putin's aggression against Ukraine on the one hand and solidarity with the fighting Ukrainians on the other. However, she does not analyze the so-called social choreographies, but two theatrical performances: <i>Odbicia</i> [Reflections] (choreog. Anna Steller) and <i>Swan Lake Solo</i> (choreog. Olga Dukhovnaya), which were shown at the 2022 Warsaw Body/Mind Festival. In the article, they are not treated as realizations of artivism, but as performances that use certain artivist strategies and mobilize the political imagination. Referring to the findings of Sherry Badger Shapiro and Randy Martin, the author illustrates, using the examples of the aforementioned choreographies, how dance becomes "an act of transformative possibility" (Shapiro). Key-words: artivism, imagination, choreography, futurization, Anna Steller, Olga Dukhovnaya

AbstractIs ChatGPT an author? Given its capacity to generate something that reads like human-written text in response to prompts, it might seem natural to ascribe authorship to ChatGPT. However, we argue that ChatGPT is not an author. ChatGPT fails to meet the criteria of authorship because it lacks the ability to perform illocutionary speech acts such as promising or asserting, lacks the fitting mental states like knowledge, belief, or intention, and cannot take responsibility for the texts it produces. Three perspectives are compared: liberalism (which ascribes authorship to ChatGPT), conservatism (which denies ChatGPT's authorship for normative and metaphysical reasons), and moderatism (which treats ChatGPT as if it possesses authorship without committing to the existence of mental states like knowledge, belief, or intention). We conclude that conservatism provides a more nuanced understanding of authorship in AI than liberalism and moderatism, without denying the significant potential, influence, or utility of AI technologies such as ChatGPT.

The article attempts to reveal the content and identify the patterns of united Germany`s political and military steps in the situation of Yugoslavian collapse in the 1990-s. The author used the methods of historical reconstruction, event-analyses and a corpus of sources, the basis of which is the Bundestag`s documents. The dynamics and direction of FRG`s efforts to support the independence of Slovenia and Croatia are presented. The scientific paper explores also the line of Germany in the Bosnian question. FRG step by step helped politically and military the Muslim-Croatian federation in its struggle against Republika Srpska. Then the author shows the character and features of the line of Germany (as part of the West) in 1998‒1999 on endowing Kosovo which is province of Serbia with maximum autonomy. The paper concludes about FRG`s support for the secession of the federal republics of Yugoslavia, as well as Kosovo.

The article presents some personal reflections on being claimed and commodified as a product of rehabilitation. It focuses, in particular, on the experience of working as a public relations spokesperson and fundraiser for an organization that provides rehabilitation and development services to visually impaired adults. This experience involved a relentless demand to perform, and to collude with a narrative that positioned the author as a creation of rehabilitation services and a poster child. Through sharing these personal experiences, the author explores the performances that may be demanded of disabled people, and the silences with which we may be compelled to collude, both in the context of rehabilitation and in society more broadly. The article also highlights the restoration narrative that supports the rehabilitative project in the public imagination and the ways in which this may limit possibilities for blind persons to share authentic and complicated stories about vision loss and blindness.

This article describes the role and importance of public procurement in the Republic of Moldova regarding the performance of public authorities' tasks. After researching the concept of procurement, the authors present their point of view on the notion of public procurement. At the same time, in view of the appreciation of the evolution of the development of public procurement in the Republic of Moldova, we will resort to the examination of the main indicators that characterize the given field. The author also presents the actions taken by the public procurement contracting authorities in the Republic of Moldova for the period of 2021-2022. Based on this analytical approach, the author highlights the most pressing problems that stand in the way of the efficient operation of the given sector, while also offering the prospects for the development of this field. This article will be useful for teachers, students and public administration researchers dealing with public procurement sciences.

This article reveals the concept of "legal force" and discusses the specifics of its use in theoretical and legal science. By analyzing different points of view on legal force, the author identifies new approaches to the con-cept under discussion. The main properties of legal force are given, its varieties are described, and the place of this concept in branch sciences is shown. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the principles of the positivist view of the nature of legal force. It is emphasized that the latter is often associated exclusively with legislation, which unreasonably narrows the scientific potential of this concept. The author assumes that in the future it is necessary to study the power of law by referring to the scientific works of researchers of the Russian abroad, considering the position of scientists of the historical school of law and supporters of the concept of natural law.

This article offers an account of how digital-media communication enables the negotiation of nationhood from the bottom up. It explains how conservative understandings of national belonging can be challenged and co-constructed in the process of public communication over a given discursive event. Using a discourse-historical approach and multimodal critical discourse analysis focused on Manizha's performance on the Eurovision Song Contest, the author shows the role of race, gender, citizenship, and origins for the construction of a sense of national belonging in the Russian Federation right on the eve of the full-scale war with Ukraine. The author argues that despite the commonly shared racialized understanding of Russian nationhood and the state-imposed conservative values that shape it, there was a dynamic toward a more inclusive understanding of national belonging that was advanced by some popular celebrities and picked up, bottom-up, by minority groups and liberal-minded RUnetizens.

In this paper, the author aims to analyse the types of crimes committed in cyberspace against creators and owners of NFT. Non-fungible tokens have been favored by the art world (also known as the crypto-art market) for a few years now. They attract numerous digital art creators and cryptocurrency investors. The token is recorded in a blockchain and is used to certify authenticity and ownership. Therefore, the art world is particularly interested in this solution. However, as practice shows, NFT isn't flawless, and cybercriminals exploit its flaws. Using methods known from typical cybercrimes, they modify their modus operandi accordingly to the crypto-art market practice. In this paper, the author describes examples of breaches of copyright and intellectual property law, as well as examples of the forgery of NFT. In addition, other crimes, such as fraud and theft of NFT, are described. Types of those crimes are, e.g., bypass security systems, phishing, and installation of malware

Contributor(s): Faiza Shaheen, Duncan Green, Dr Jens Madsen | Experts will discuss how change isn't as straightforward as we'd like it to be – How it can be all in the timing and that, at times, you just need to wait for the right moment to make change happen. We'll hear from an academic striving to become a Member of Parliament and make change from within the political system, rather than by lobbying from the outside. And an author and strategic advisor to Oxfam will explain how change is built around communities and groups of people rather than the individual.
Mike Wilkerson talks to: Faiza Shaheen, an author and a Labour candidate running to become an MP; Dr. Jens Madsen an Assistant Professor at LSE's Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science; and Dr. Duncan Green a Professor in Practice and Senior Strategic advisor to Oxfam.
Contributors
Faiza Shaheen
Duncan Green
Jens Madsen

Research
How change Happens: Duncan Green

In recent years, aesthetics has evolved into a rich and diverse discipline, including ethical, social, religious, environmental and cultural issues. As international communication increases due to more frequent congresses and electronic communication, the various traditions of aesthetics have combined with its historically interdisciplinary nature, which makes aesthetics the center of diverse and numerous interests. And raises the question of what is modern aesthetics? The answer to this question is often simply formulated, but not carefully developed, even if the current nature and scope of this discipline is far from obvious. In order to explore how one can understand both the concept and the field of modern aesthetics, the author of the article suggests considering three topics in this regard: time, space and the content of aesthetics, i.e. questions about when, where and what kind of modern aesthetics appears. According to the author, on this basis it is possible to construct a conceptual space.

The present article is intended to raise the issue of improvement of criminal-legal measures in the field of combating corruption on the example of the draft law on strengthening criminal liability for petty bribery and petty commercial bribery. The author set the task to determine the degree of expediency of this direction of in-creasing the effectiveness of anti-corruption. Dialectical, systemic, comparative-legal, statistical, predictive methods, as well as modeling methods were used in the work. Based on the analysis of the current criminal legislation and the draft federal law on strengthening criminal liability for petty bribery and petty commercial bribery, scientific works of well-known Russian and foreign experts in the field of anti-corruption, as well as sta-tistical information, the author made reasonable conclusions about the inexpediency of adopting this law, and made specific proposals for further improvement of the relevant criminal law norms.

The article focuses on the types and features of dialogue in art, based on the exteriorized and interiorized inter-action of its subjects. Based on the research of dialogists, the author of the article hinges primarily on a broad interpretation of dialog as a form of being in culture, a form of communication between cultures, taking into account the form of understanding culture. The essence of this joint existence or co-existence is the interaction of its participants, expressed in replicas, including "reciprocal equal word". Particular attention is paid to interior-ized ("unarticulated", "monologic") dialogue, which is more difficult to instrumentalize. It is subdivided by the author into the dialog of the creator-creator, creator-customer, creator-viewer. Under the influence of this "multi-place" and diverse dialogue, as emphasized in the article, there is not only a transformation of the inner world of its subjects, but also the formation of a cultural tradition.

In this Indigenous-grounded, transformative sequential explanatory study, the author examined the influence of ethnic-racial identity exploration on school connectedness in a sample of (n = 41) Native American youths attending a public school on a federally recognized Indian reservation. The students were enrolled in a Native American cultural immersion program. Participants completed a survey packet including a demographic form, an adapted cultural connectedness survey, and the MAC 5-A-Short Version six-item school connectedness subscale. While the results indicated that ethnic-racial identity exploration slightly impacted school connectedness, they were not deemed statistically significant. The author also captured youth participants' perspectives to develop a deeper understanding of how ethnic-racial identity exploration impacted school connectedness, identifying eight categories. These findings may help inform a broader development and application of a Native American way of knowing instructional model that contributes to strengthening school connectedness for Native American youths through ethnic-racial identity exploration.