Suchergebnisse

Aspects of the ecology of Rattus lutreolus velutinus (Thomas) were studied in dry sclerophyll forest,
buttongrass and heathland communities in north-eastern Tasmania. In each habitat environmental
parameters which might influence the species' microhabitat selection (e.g, soil moisture, vegetation
structure and floristics) and diet (e.g. monocotyledon food), were assessed. R. I, velutinus began
to breed during late August. Sexually active males were captured between September and February,
inclusive. Pregnant females were captured between September and November, and the number of
lactating females peaked during November in all habitats. Juveniles were captured between December
and February. R. I. velutinus was predominantly herbivorous, preferring stem and leaf tissue but also
eating seeds, insects, roots and fungus. Captures of rats were positively correlated with vegetation cover
less than 50 cm high and with a monocotyledonous food index. Population density was substantially
higher in heathland than in buttongrass and dry sclerophyll forest. Animals had similar body condition
in each habitat.

AbstractTerrestrial microinvertebrates provide important carbon and nutrient cycling roles in soil environments, particularly in Antarctica where larger macroinvertebrates are absent. The environmental preferences and ecology of rotifers and tardigrades in terrestrial environments, including in Antarctica, are not as well understood as their temperate aquatic counterparts. Developing laboratory cultures is critical to provide adequate numbers of individuals for controlled laboratory experimentation. In this study, we explore aspects of optimising laboratory culturing for two terrestrially sourced Antarctic microinvertebrates, a rotifer (Habrotrocha sp.) and a tardigrade (Acutuncus antarcticus). We tested a soil elutriate and a balanced salt solution (BSS) to determine their suitability as culturing media. Substantial population growth of rotifers and tardigrades was observed in both media, with mean rotifer population size increasing from 5 to 448 ± 95 (soil elutriate) and 274 ± 78 (BSS) individuals over 60 days and mean tardigrade population size increasing from 5 to 187 ± 65 (soil elutriate) and 138 ± 37 (BSS) over 160 days. We also tested for optimal dilution of soil elutriate in rotifer cultures, with 20–80% dilutions producing the largest population growth with the least variation in the 40% dilution after 36 days. Culturing methods developed in this study are recommended for use with Antarctica microinvertebrates and may be suitable for similar limno-terrestrial microinvertebrates from other regions.

AbstractOwing to the unique physicochemical properties and the low manufacturing costs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained growing interest and their application has expanded considerably in industrial and agricultural sectors. The large-scale production of these nanoparticles inevitably entails their direct or indirect release into the environment, raising some concerns about their hazardous aspects. Callus culture represents an important tool in toxicological studies to evaluate the impact of nanomaterials on plants and their potential environmental risk. In this study, we investigated the chronic phytotoxic effects of different concentrations of novel bifunctionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) on callus culture of Populus nigra L., a pioneer tree species in the riparian ecosystem. Our results showed that AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys were more toxic on poplar calli compared to AgNO3, especially at low concentration (2.5 mg/L), leading to a significant reduction in biomass production, accompanied by a decrease in protein content, a significant increase in both lipid peroxidation level, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activities. In addition, these findings suggested that the harmful activity of AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys might be correlated with their physicochemical properties and not solely attributed to the released Ag+ ions and confirmed that AgNPs-Cit-L-Cys phytoxicity is associated to oxidative stress.

AbstractThe widespread presence of microplastics in multiple environmental compartments has largely been demonstrated. Assessing the ecological risk that microplastics pose is, at the present stage, hindered due to methodical differences. Moreover, different methods hamper meaningful comparisons between studies and data on microplastics <300 μm is scarce. Therefore, we focused on microplastics >20 μm in freshwater and sampling-related aspects in this concern. Sampling was conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the Tollense catchment in northeastern Germany and was carried out by in situ pump filtration. Two different sampling systems (cutoff sizes 20 μm and 63 μm) were applied to filter water volumes of 0.075–1.836 m3. Retained particles were analyzed by a combination of Nile red staining and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Thereby, we found microplastic concentrations between 123 and 1728 particles m−3 using the 63-μm cut-off size and between 1357 and 2146 particles m−3 using the 20-μm cut-off size. Local hydrodynamics (discharge and flow velocity) and land cover are likely influencing the observed microplastic concentrations and fluxes. The variability between both sampling systems cannot fully be explained by the different mesh sizes used. We argue that differentiation between a theoretical cut-off size (finest mesh) and a factual cut-off size (reliable quantification) can help to understand sampling related differences between studies.

A short book designed to provide a review of information on the scale of manufacture, import, export and use of chemical pesticides, examples of direct risks to human welfare in terms of acute poisonings caused by occupational exposure and pesticide residues in food, and examples of problems with the storage of obsolete stocks of pesticides in developing countries. The main emphasis is on acute problems in developing countries, particularly in Latin America, Asia and Africa, but some information is also provided about developed countries. There are four chapters (Chemical pesticide markets, Pesticide exposure and health effects, Pesticide residues and Obsolete pesticide stocks) and an index is included.

Water quality impact assessment of the River Ibar hydropower cascade project is analyzed in this paper, as one of possible aspects of environmental impact assessment. Based on available data provided by authorized institutions, the current state of River Ibar ecological and chemical status is determined in accordance with the methodology prescribed by legislation. The ecological status of the water course between Raska and Kraljevo is rated as moderate, with evaluation considered as reliable. At the same time, the chemical status is rated as good. Quantitative assessment of possible impacts on water quality is conducted by dual approach: 1) application of hydrodynamic model, utilized for analysis of possible thermal regimes in cascade reservoirs, and 2) application of the 'method of analogy' to the existing, well studied reservoir 'Celije', the reservoir with similar morphological characteristics and water quality conditions at the entrance of the system. Results indicate that future cascade reservoir system will represent a number of aquatic ecosystems that will perform as a transitional form between river and lake systems. From the environmental perspective, it is important that thermal stratification of reservoirs during the warm seasons is not expected to be established. Consequently, the eutrophic potential of the River Ibar, based on significant content of macroelements in water, is not expected to be fully realized. ; U radu su analizirani mogući uticaji izgradnje kaskade protočnih hidroelektrana na deonici reke Ibar između Raške i Kraljeva na kvalitet vode, kao jedan od mogućih aspekata uticaja ovih objekata na životnu sredinu. Analizom raspoloživih podataka o kvalitetu vode reke Ibar, najpre je urađena ocena ekološkog i hemijskog statusa. Utvrđeno je da se na posmatranom delu vodotoka ekološki status može ocenitiumerenim, pri čemu se ocena može smatrati pouzdanom, dok je hemijski status ocenjen dobrim. Kvantitativna procena uticaja na kvalitet vode je urađena primenom dvojnog pristupa: 1) primenom hidrodinamičkog modela sistema HE, kojim je simuliran očekivani termički režim u planiranim akumulacijama, i 2) primena 'metode analogije' u odnosu na procese koji su evidentiranina postojećoj akumulaciji 'Ćelije'. Rezultati ukazuju da će planirane akumulacije na Ibru predstavljati niz akvatičnih ekosistema koji će se ponašati i funkcionisati kao prelazni oblik između rečnih i jezerskih sistema. Pri tome, neće biti uslova za formiranje stabilne termičke stratifikacije vode u toplijem delu godine, što će usloviti nemogućnost potpune realizacije eutrofikacionog potencijala, koji nesumnjivo postoji, imajući u vidu sadržaj makroelemenata u vodi reke Ibar u postojećim uslovima.

The aim of this report is to provide the Government of Punjab with a preliminary overview of opportunities and obstacles for the adoption of the EIP Framework by industrial estates (IEs) in Punjab, based on the World Bank Group's experience with emerging economies in implementation of the EIP Framework, as well as the results from research on policy regimes and industrial practices in Punjab. As part of this analysis, Sundar Industrial Estate (SIE) has been selected to pilot the high-level technical analysis on the environmental, social, and economic areas to improve, to operationalize the EIP Framework. Results and recommendations in this report are delivered as part of the broader support of the World Bank Group to the government through the Punjab Green Development Program (P165388). In a 2014 assessment of environmental management for Pakistan's industrial growth, the main findings and recommendations suggest that "to strengthen Pakistan's industrial growth and industrial estates, the government must provide: (i) sectoral policies that support the greening of Pakistan's industrial sector to enhance international competitiveness; (ii) upgraded trade facilitation and sustainable infrastructure (particularly transport and energy infrastructure) to address some of the spatial aspects of industrialization; and (iii) strong institutions for effective industrialization initiatives, including those for small and medium enterprises." As IEs can play a pivotal role in industrial development, it is expected that the EIP Framework will help achieve the vision of Punjab's Growth Strategy 2023 to create "a globally connected and competitive, equitable, culturally vibrant and technologically advanced Punjab with sustainable economic growth driven through a dynamic private sector, an efficient public sector, rich and productive human capital and, a regionally equalized development footprint by 2023."

Rideau Canal in fall: understanding ontology and epistemology with Indigenous ways of knowing /Zoe Todd --Back to school season: schools and the social organization of crime /Heather Rollwagen --Pumpkin spice lattes: marking the seasons with brands /Sonia Bookman --"Neither here, nor there": migrant rights and realities in Canada's seasonal agricultural worker program /Jenna Hennebry, David Celis Parra, and Rachelle Daley --Long weekend of rest and labour: Thanksgiving, holiday body work, and the holiday body /Heidi Bickis --Winter --Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): the medicalization of winter sadness /Alissa Overend --Season of dreaded joys: adaptation, enchantment, and solidarity in a "winter" city /Tara Milbrandt --Winter of our discontent: New Year's resolutions and the ideal body /Jen Wrye, Michael Graydon, and Patricia Thille --Extending law's reach: winter, accusations, and the colonial encounter /Matthew P. Unger --Cracked ice: winter, Canada, whiteness, and the politics of sports /Nicole Neverson --Spring --Spring sowing for fall harvest : an exploration of time in farmers' food production and marketing /Susan Machum --Spring babies, summer weddings, fall divorces, and winter deaths: seasons and populations /Rania Tfaily --Alternative spring break: the politics of doing good in a globalized world /Nathaniel Laywine and Alan Sears --Supermoms and bumbling dads: how Mother's Day and Father's Day cards perpetuate traditional roles in the home /Alison Thomas and Elizabeth Dennis --Rites of Spring: multiculturalism and the celebration of Vaisakhi in Vancouver /Bonar Buffam --Summer --Wedding season: the white wedding as a cultural ritual of heteronormativity /Ondine Park --Summer in cottage country: expectations and experiences of Canadian nature /Tonya K. Davidson --"Long and 'Hot' Summer Is Coming": environmental activism, violence, and the state /Paul Joosse --Summer blockbuster: sociology of media and media sociology /Benjamin Woo --Summer's gains and losses: children, social class, and learning /Patrizia Albanese

The Past, Present and Future of Comparative Law and Economics / Giovanni B. Ramello -- Markets, Contracts, and Firms: A Unified Model of Organizational Choice / Thomas J. Miceli -- Law, Social Norms, and Standards: Their Nexus with Government and their Impact on the Economic Performance of Nation States / Nicholas Mercuro -- The Market for Legal Innovation: Law and Economics in Europe and the United States / Nuno Garoupa and Thomas S. Ulen -- Principles, Tolerance and Institutional Torpor / Enrico Colombatto -- Structure and Style in Comparative Property Law / Yun-chien Chang and Henry E. Smith -- A Comparative View of Local Tax and Expenditure Limitations and their Consequences / Federico Revelli -- Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove? Judicial Behavior in Mixed Courts / Valerie P. Hans and Anne Jolivet -- Global Competition Law Convergence: Potential Roles for Economics / David J. Gerber -- The Comparative Law and Economics of Energy Markets / Giuseppe Bellantuono -- A Comparative Law and Economics Analysis of Damages for Patent Infringement / Thomas F. Cotter -- The Comparative Economics of International Intellectual Property Agreements / Peter K. Yu -- Copyright and Tort as Mirror Models: On Not Mistaking for the Right Hand What the Left Hand is Doing / Wendy J. Gordon -- The Eurozone Crisis, the Defective Policy Response and the Need for Institutional Innovation / Enrico Marelli and Marcello Signorelli -- The Effect of Stakes on Settlement: An Empirical Lesson from Taiwan / Kuo-Chang Huang -- Comparative Judicial Efficiency: Examining Case Disposition in Five Countries' Courts of Last Resort / Anthony Kreis, John Szmer and Robert K. Christensen -- Copyright Law and the Supply of Creative Work: Evidence from the Movies / Ivan Paak Liang Png and Qiu-hong Wang -- International Environmental Agreement Effectiveness: A Review of Empirical Studies / Kendall A. Houghton and Helen T. Naughton -- The American and the European Market of Human Experimentation, A Comparative Study on Regulation and Competitiveness / Antonella Foddis and Roberto Ippoliti

International audience ; Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installation. Several methods have been developed based on LCA or carbon balance methodologies, but they lack the technical, economical and social criteria, which are aspects that should be taken into account when choosing cleaner and safer production practices. This paper presents a decision-making tool based on a multi-criteria analysis approach, likely to encourage manufacturers to implement cleaner and safer production practices in the metal finishing sector. First, a systemic analysis of the industrial facility and its environment is used to identify 15 criteria structured in a hierarchical pattern. These criteria represent the targets which could potentially impacted by a cleaner and safer production practice: for example, water, soil, air, but also the environment of the workstation of an operator, the production processes, etc. Using these 15 criteria, users can then assess up to 86 practices selected in particular in the BREF report dealing with Metal Finishing. Thus, this tool enables the practices the most adapted to a particular company to be chosen not only on financial criteria, but also on a social, environmental and technical view.

International audience ; Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installation. Several methods have been developed based on LCA or carbon balance methodologies, but they lack the technical, economical and social criteria, which are aspects that should be taken into account when choosing cleaner and safer production practices. This paper presents a decision-making tool based on a multi-criteria analysis approach, likely to encourage manufacturers to implement cleaner and safer production practices in the metal finishing sector. First, a systemic analysis of the industrial facility and its environment is used to identify 15 criteria structured in a hierarchical pattern. These criteria represent the targets which could potentially impacted by a cleaner and safer production practice: for example, water, soil, air, but also the environment of the workstation of an operator, the production processes, etc. Using these 15 criteria, users can then assess up to 86 practices selected in particular in the BREF report dealing with Metal Finishing. Thus, this tool enables the practices the most adapted to a particular company to be chosen not only on financial criteria, but also on a social, environmental and technical view.

International audience ; Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installation. Several methods have been developed based on LCA or carbon balance methodologies, but they lack the technical, economical and social criteria, which are aspects that should be taken into account when choosing cleaner and safer production practices. This paper presents a decision-making tool based on a multi-criteria analysis approach, likely to encourage manufacturers to implement cleaner and safer production practices in the metal finishing sector. First, a systemic analysis of the industrial facility and its environment is used to identify 15 criteria structured in a hierarchical pattern. These criteria represent the targets which could potentially impacted by a cleaner and safer production practice: for example, water, soil, air, but also the environment of the workstation of an operator, the production processes, etc. Using these 15 criteria, users can then assess up to 86 practices selected in particular in the BREF report dealing with Metal Finishing. Thus, this tool enables the practices the most adapted to a particular company to be chosen not only on financial criteria, but also on a social, environmental and technical view.

International audience ; Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installation. Several methods have been developed based on LCA or carbon balance methodologies, but they lack the technical, economical and social criteria, which are aspects that should be taken into account when choosing cleaner and safer production practices. This paper presents a decision-making tool based on a multi-criteria analysis approach, likely to encourage manufacturers to implement cleaner and safer production practices in the metal finishing sector. First, a systemic analysis of the industrial facility and its environment is used to identify 15 criteria structured in a hierarchical pattern. These criteria represent the targets which could potentially impacted by a cleaner and safer production practice: for example, water, soil, air, but also the environment of the workstation of an operator, the production processes, etc. Using these 15 criteria, users can then assess up to 86 practices selected in particular in the BREF report dealing with Metal Finishing. Thus, this tool enables the practices the most adapted to a particular company to be chosen not only on financial criteria, but also on a social, environmental and technical view.

International audience ; Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installation. Several methods have been developed based on LCA or carbon balance methodologies, but they lack the technical, economical and social criteria, which are aspects that should be taken into account when choosing cleaner and safer production practices. This paper presents a decision-making tool based on a multi-criteria analysis approach, likely to encourage manufacturers to implement cleaner and safer production practices in the metal finishing sector. First, a systemic analysis of the industrial facility and its environment is used to identify 15 criteria structured in a hierarchical pattern. These criteria represent the targets which could potentially impacted by a cleaner and safer production practice: for example, water, soil, air, but also the environment of the workstation of an operator, the production processes, etc. Using these 15 criteria, users can then assess up to 86 practices selected in particular in the BREF report dealing with Metal Finishing. Thus, this tool enables the practices the most adapted to a particular company to be chosen not only on financial criteria, but also on a social, environmental and technical view.

International audience ; Through the international (Convention) and European (Industrial Emissions Directive) legislations, industries have to apply preventive measures according to the Best Available Technique (BAT) concept or cleaner production (CP) strategies. Many technical solutions exist to conform, but the major stake is to assess the overall effect or impact of the implementation of a technique on the installation. Several methods have been developed based on LCA or carbon balance methodologies, but they lack the technical, economical and social criteria, which are aspects that should be taken into account when choosing cleaner and safer production practices. This paper presents a decision-making tool based on a multi-criteria analysis approach, likely to encourage manufacturers to implement cleaner and safer production practices in the metal finishing sector. First, a systemic analysis of the industrial facility and its environment is used to identify 15 criteria structured in a hierarchical pattern. These criteria represent the targets which could potentially impacted by a cleaner and safer production practice: for example, water, soil, air, but also the environment of the workstation of an operator, the production processes, etc. Using these 15 criteria, users can then assess up to 86 practices selected in particular in the BREF report dealing with Metal Finishing. Thus, this tool enables the practices the most adapted to a particular company to be chosen not only on financial criteria, but also on a social, environmental and technical view.