Suchergebnisse

National audience ; En prêtant attention à la pensée de Jacques Rancière, cet article approche les stratégies esthétiques mises en oeuvre par les opposants au projet THT en Quercy Blanc - en particulier la plantation des arbres du refus. Ce cadre analytique et ce cas d'étude nous permettent d'interroger la notion de territorialité en géographie sous trois aspects : (i) les conditions matérielles de la territorialité comme plan d'épreuve des intentionnalités individuelles et collectives; (ii) le recours aux territorialités de l'intime dans la formation d'un usage public de la sensibilité; (iii) la formation d'un collectif rhizomatique, fruit de l'articulation entre des subjectivités politiques spécifiques.

National audience ; En prêtant attention à la pensée de Jacques Rancière, cet article approche les stratégies esthétiques mises en oeuvre par les opposants au projet THT en Quercy Blanc - en particulier la plantation des arbres du refus. Ce cadre analytique et ce cas d'étude nous permettent d'interroger la notion de territorialité en géographie sous trois aspects : (i) les conditions matérielles de la territorialité comme plan d'épreuve des intentionnalités individuelles et collectives; (ii) le recours aux territorialités de l'intime dans la formation d'un usage public de la sensibilité; (iii) la formation d'un collectif rhizomatique, fruit de l'articulation entre des subjectivités politiques spécifiques.

"Interactions between competitors, predators and their prey have traditionally been viewed as the foundation of community structure. Parasites - long ignored in community ecology - are now recognized as playing an important part in influencing species interactions and consequently affecting ecosystem function. Parasitism can interact with other ecological drivers, resulting in both detrimental and beneficial effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Species interactions involving parasites are also key to understanding many biological invasions and emerging infectious diseases. This book bridges the gap between community ecology and epidemiology to create a wide-ranging examination of how parasites and pathogens affect all aspects of ecological communities, enabling the new generation of ecologists to include parasites as a key consideration in their studies. This comprehensive guide to a newly emerging field is of relevance to academics, practitioners and graduates in biodiversity, conservation and population management, and animal and human health"--

"This book addresses the various forms of deviance and criminality found within the conventional food system. This system-made up of numerous producers, processors, distributors, and retailers of food-has significant, far-reaching consequences bearing upon the environment and society. Food Crime broadly outlines the processes and impacts of this food system most relevant for the academic discipline of criminology, with a focus on the negative health outcomes of the US diet (e.g., obesity, diabetes) and negative outcomes associated with the system itself (e.g., environmental degradation). The author introduces the concept of "food criminology," a new branch of criminology dedicated to the study of deviance in the food industry. Demonstrating the deviance and criminality involved in many parts of the conventional food system, this book is the first to provide exhaustive coverage of the major issues related to what can be considered food crime. Embedded in the context of state-corporate criminality, the concepts and practices exposed in this book bring attention to harms associated with the conventional food system and illustrate the degree of culpability of food companies and government agencies for these harms. This book is of interest to students, scholars, and practitioners seeking a more just and healthy food system and encourages further future research into food crimes in the disciplines of criminology, criminal justice, and sociology"--

"What does the future hold? Is the desertification of the planet, driven by state and corporate authority, the final horizon of history? Is the dystopian future implied by the systemic degradation of nature and society inescapable? From marginal activist groups to governments and interstate organizations, all appear to be concerned with what the future of our shared world will look like. Yet even amid the ongoing global crisis caused by capitalism, the potential of a different, radically rooted future has also appeared. Common Futures explores the global emergence of twenty-first-century social movements, opposed to capitalism and state authority. These movements, Yavor Tarinski and Alexandros Schismenos show, transcend traditional political forms of organization and try to form autonomous networks premised on direct democracy and solidarity. The authors identify the importance of grassroots movements, which can bring radical change and create a more democratic and ecological future. Common Futures examines the social and political roots of the environmental crisis and the relationship between ecology and direct democracy. But Tarinski and Schismenos go beyond the analysis of crises, contemporary struggles, and social movements: Common Futures also clarifies the conditions for the re-creation of free public time and space and point to practical steps that we can take to alleviate the problems of our future."--

Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Disability by Design? -- Design's misfit -- Defining disability -- Defining a symbol -- PART ONE History of an Idea: Access (–1961) -- 1 Origins of a Misfit Design: The Advent of the Modern Wheelchair (–1945) -- An environmental misfit -- A symbol of defeat? -- How to behave in a Bath-chair -- The chair that changed the world -- Notes -- 2 Fitting In (1945–1961) -- Accessing a culture on four wheels -- The Nugent ethic -- An attack on barriers -- Notes -- PART TWO Redesigning Signs and Space (1961–1974) -- 3 The Personal Politics of Signs (1961–1965) -- What a good sign can do -- Down the "welfare path" -- The ideologies of "self-help" and "social welfare cultures" -- Breaking barriers -- Notes -- 4 Signs of Discrimination (1965–1968) -- The secret signs of disabled people -- Positive discrimination and the psychology of disablement -- Toward a universal sign -- Notes -- 5 A Design for the Real World? (1968–1974) -- A technical aid -- Man and the environment -- A misfit head -- A positive step forward -- Notes -- PART THREE A Mark of Identity (1974–Today) -- 6 Signs of Protest (1974–1990) -- "The Selma of handicapped rights" -- Rights and protest -- Passing the ADA: Compliance and defiance -- 7 A Critical Design? (1990–Today) -- A cry for help -- A twenty-first-century makeover -- Notes -- Epilogue: The Beginning of the End? -- Notes -- Bibliography

International audience ; Introduction During the last decades food production has increased thanks to intensive use of non-renewable and agrochemical inputs and simplification of landscapes (Therond et al., 2017). Yet, the present inefficient use of pesticides and fertilizers and the increasing prevalence of intensive and simplified cropping systems are leading to negative impacts on biodiversity and its associated ecosystems services (Rusch et al., 2016). Actually, these are the same systems that may push agriculture over a sustainability tipping point (Ray et al., 2012). Thus, it is a priority to develop innovative forms of agriculture that stabilizes both yields and farmers' profitability while developing ecosystem services (Therond et al., 2017). Cropping diversification is regarded as a key path for a strong sustainable development of multifunctional agroecosystems (Ponisio and Kremen, 2016). However, little is still known on the potential synergic and trade-off effects brought by the implementation of different crop diversification strategies at different spatial and temporal scales. Integrated Assessment and Modelling (IAM), a multicriteria and multilevel assessment based on modelling platforms and involvement of stakeholders may help to deal with this challenge. As part of the EU H2020 DiverIMPACTS project, this work uses MAELIA, an IAM platform of agricultural landscape (Therond et al., 2014), to perform on three contrasted European case studies (CSs), an assessment of the benefits and drawbacks brought by diversification from field and farm to landscape and agro-chain levels. Materials and Methods MAELIA is a high-resolution multi-agent platform, that allows to simulate at fine spatial resolution the daily dynamic and interactions between human activities (e.g. farming practices), ecological processes (e.g. crop growth), and governance systems (e.g. agricultural regulations). It is applied in three very different CSs used as pilot test for the implementation of different diversified agricultural strategies. A first CS is located in Germany, is composed by 25 farmers with a common goal of improving water quality in catchment basin trough new valuable and sustainable farming strategies based on diversified rotations, as well as to increase the cooperation and trade between local farmers. A second CS in Romany is composed by four very large farms (800 to 14000 ha each) in which the objective is to assess in an ex-ante way the effects of including in the rotation legumes and other winter crops on soil quality, yield stability and economic returns. The third CS, in France, corresponds to ten farmers where the challenge is to develop exchanges between cereal and livestock farmers, in order to offer diversification opportunities (e.g. forage production), while dealing with water quality and availability. The IAM process was structured in three main participatory steps. Firstly, data and knowledge were collected and integrated to develop in MAELIA a concrete model of the current functioning of each CS. Second, a participatory design process led by stakeholders was conducted to specify changes in the cropping systems. Thirdly, the integrated assessment of these scenarios was carried out with MAELIA, and results were analysed and discussed with stakeholders. Results A large set of pre-defined indicators (8 for the economic pillar, 19 for environmental sustainability, 2 for social dimension; see Canali et al. 2019) and stakeholder-oriented indicators (e.g. biological regulations issues) will be calculated to assess the direct and indirect effects of diversification over time (intra and inter year variabilities, rotation and long term) and space (field, cropping system, farm and territory). Based on outputs of scenarios simulations, this conference will provide opportunity to present and discuss the first key results of the IAM procedure. Discussion and Conclusions To support policy makers, it is necessary to define policies and strategies at the relevant levels at which impacts (e.g. biodiversity and economic return) are managed, such as farm or landscape. These impacts are also intrinsically linked with local biophysical processes, defined at very fine scales, such as soil-plant level. Here, we propose an IAM approach that allows simulating and assessing the main aspects of cropping systems, including social, environmental and economical, steering a transition to more sustainable food. Namely, the discussion is focused on the effects of cropping system diversification on a large range of generic and stakeholders oriented indicators. We will focus above all on the viability of agricultural holdings and the robustness/resilience to technical, climate and socioeconomic changes; stability of production and economic returns; soil (e.g. quality, erosion); GHG balance and non-renewable resources; water quality and availability; agricultural environmental impacts (e.g. nitrogen leaching); and, farmers' quality of life (e.g. workload).

The current volume offers a concise and analytical portrait of the contemporary world. The author encompasses concepts and theories from multiple disciplines notably sociology, anthropology, international relations, and economics to examine the major sociocultural transformations of the modern world, their underlying causes, and their consequences. The volume is organized in 10 chapters dealing with a variety of topics including global demographic trends, globalization, culture, foreign affairs, emerging markets, environmental degradation, global security, global health, large corporations, and economic inequality. Each chapter is divided into separate sections examining the accompanying themes. This book is a valuable reference for managers and business leaders, students, policy makers, and all those who are interested in acquiring a better understanding of the sociocultural trends that are shaping our world.

Lake Balaton, a large shallow lake with some 600 km2 surface area, with its 3.5 m average depth, is among the shallowest lakes in the World and one of the most important lakes in Europe in terms of ecological, economic and cultural aspects. Intervention in the natural environment of lakes, especially shallow ones of high vulnerability and low resilience may result in detrimental and often irreversible changes. In case of Lake Balaton, irreversible changes include the reduction of lake level and subsequent construction directly on the lakeshore as well as introduction of foreign species such as eel and silver carp. Reasons for the negative results/impacts of the introduced interventions are: insufficient level of technical or scientific knowledge at the time of planning and implementation; poor decision support systems and mechanisms; insufficient consultation with local people and experts of other fields; lack of integrated approach, both in terms of territorial and interdisciplinary aspects; and pursuing of short term economic or political benefits. Compared to the situation one and a half centuries ago, many of the reasons leading to adverse effects can be eliminated because technical and scientific knowledge is increasing with high speed and huge amount of monitoring, etc. data are becoming available; decision support systems and mechanisms are getting faster and are improving in complexity; consultation with, participation, and empowerment of local people, stakeholders and a diverse choice of experts are becoming basic requirements in environmental and spatial development policy; integrated approaches both in terms of territorial and interdisciplinary aspects are gathering momentum. It would be of great importance to stop pursuing short term economic gains and political benefits when significant interventions into lake environments are considered.

Lake Balaton, a large shallow lake with some 600 km2 surface area, with its 3.5 m average depth, is among the shallowest lakes in the World and one of the most important lakes in Europe in terms of ecological, economic and cultural aspects. Intervention in the natural environment of lakes, especially shallow ones of high vulnerability and low resilience may result in detrimental and often irreversible changes. In case of Lake Balaton, irreversible changes include the reduction of lake level and subsequent construction directly on the lakeshore as well as introduction of foreign species such as eel and silver carp. Reasons for the negative results/impacts of the introduced interventions are: insufficient level of technical or scientific knowledge at the time of planning and implementation; poor decision support systems and mechanisms; insufficient consultation with local people and experts of other fields; lack of integrated approach, both in terms of territorial and interdisciplinary aspects; and pursuing of short term economic or political benefits. Compared to the situation one and a half centuries ago, many of the reasons leading to adverse effects can be eliminated because technical and scientific knowledge is increasing with high speed and huge amount of monitoring, etc. data are becoming available; decision support systems and mechanisms are getting faster and are improving in complexity; consultation with, participation, and empowerment of local people, stakeholders and a diverse choice of experts are becoming basic requirements in environmental and spatial development policy; integrated approaches both in terms of territorial and interdisciplinary aspects are gathering momentum. It would be of great importance to stop pursuing short term economic gains and political benefits when significant interventions into lake environments are considered.

The objective of the research is to know and to analizy the existence of green investment regime through developing of the marine tourism in Indonesia, especially in Lombok; optimalized strategic and institution role for green investment; and to integrated of the sustainable regulation for green investment. The typical of the research is normative – empirical study. The approaches that used in this research are conceptual approach, statute approach and empirical approach as a supported approach. The result of the research shows that, first, conceptually, green investment regime is a part of green economy as a mainstream to develop investment especially in developing of marine tourism. Second, the strategic to optimalyze institution for green investment could be implemented through the general and special strategic. At the local level, the strategic of institutional empowering could be implemented by empowering of region resources management and social, economic and culture empowering. Third, internalization of the economic instrument aspect in to environmental management aspect could be follow by the green economic, so as the regulation of the investment priority not only economic oriented but also consider environment aspect. The recomendations that can be proposed based on research result are , first, green investment regime is an ideal concept should be necessary embodying in investment practice in local area. It means that all of stakeholder required a good perception and understanding related to investment activity in local area. Second, it needs clarity strategic, program and the output must be concrete and the operational related to the management design to develop marine tourism in Lombok. Third, in order to create an optimal strategy, an effective and efficent development of Green Investmen,t its required a legal regulation in form of local government regulation on Marine Investment. Keywords: Green Investment, Marine Tourism.

International audience ; La mine artisanale constitue une réalité profonde au Niger. L'analyse de sa problématique, à travers plusieurs aspects (légal, institutionnel, organisationnel, technique, financier, commercial, fiscal, environnemental, sanitaire, sécurité des travailleurs, sécurité publique), révèle qu'elle comporte d'innombrables faiblesses. Elle présente, néanmoins, quelques forces parmi lesquelles : l'opportunité d'améliorer les revenus des populations rurales ; l'existence d'un code minier, prenant en compte la mine artisanale, qu'il convient " seulement " d'améliorer ; l'expérience acquise par l'administra-tion en matière de surveillance de cette activité ; l'introduction, quoique modeste, de moyens de travail mécanisés ; la mise en exergue de la culture de l'investissement à risque chez ses acteurs. Au niveau de l'Etat du Niger et de l'UEMOA, en particulier, il existe la conviction que, grâce à des mesures appro-priées, la mine artisanale peut concourir au recul de la pauvreté et à la croissance économique. Cette conviction a pour conséquence deux objectifs à savoir 1) un meilleur encadrement de l'artisanat minier et 2) l'émergence de petites exploitations minières privées performantes et compétitives. Pour poursuivre ces objectifs, les stratégies suivantes sont proposées a) créer un environnement qui incite les opérateurs économiques nationaux à investir et b) appuyer ces initiatives dès lors qu'elles sont prises. Artisanal (or small-scale) mining is a reality in Niger. Its problem analysis, through diverse aspects (legal, institutional, organisational, technical, financial, commercial, tax aspect, environmental, sanitary, workers and public health and safety), reveals its numerous weaknesses. However, it has some strengths such as the opportunity to improve the rural populations income; an existing mining code taking into account the artisanal mining that "only" needs improving; the experience the administration gained during the follow-up of this activity; the introduction, however modest, of ...

In recent years, initiatives by the international community to address the links between poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing. These initiatives range from policy reform and top-down approaches to local, bottom-up actions by communities. This publication focuses on local actions, and provides a background to the present situation of increasing environmental poverty and degraded environments. It shows how local actions, with support from governments and development partners, can turn this situation around to reduce poverty and bring about environmental benefits. These benefits are illustrated through case studies of successful local actions in Asia and the Pacific that can be scaled-up to produce substantial national or regional benefits. Most of the studies are from the Asian Development Bank's Poverty and Environment Program, which promotes targeted environmental interventions that reduce poverty and improve the environment through pilot interventions, analytical studies, and information dissemination.

In recent years, initiatives by the international community to address the links between poverty and environmental degradation have been increasing. These initiatives range from policy reform and top-down approaches to local, bottom-up actions by communities. This publication focuses on local actions, and provides a background to the present situation of increasing environmental poverty and degraded environments. It shows how local actions, with support from governments and development partners, can turn this situation around to reduce poverty and bring about environmental benefits. These benefits are illustrated through case studies of successful local actions in Asia and the Pacific that can be scaled-up to produce substantial national or regional benefits. Most of the studies are from the Asian Development Bank's Poverty and Environment Program, which promotes targeted environmental interventions that reduce poverty and improve the environment through pilot interventions, analytical studies, and information dissemination.

There are two aspects to the relationship between law and technology. While, on the one hand, law promotes the development of technology, it also, at the same time, regulates its application and use - especially with regard to the protection of health and property. Japan has over the years experienced significant technology-related large-scale damage, well known examples being "Minamata disease", the negative effects of asbestos on public health, and the Fukushima nuclear accident. In the 1960s industrial pollution was the cause of widespread instances of damage to public health. That triggered a series of lawsuits through which a whole new area of tort law was developed. From these cases it was established that private companies as polluters bear legal responsibility for the harm caused. Since the 1980s tort law has seen a new level of development: legal responsibility is no longer restricted to the direct polluter exclusively but has expanded to also include the state as the regulator as well. This article thus focuses on the relationship between the regulatory and promotive functions of the law in regard to technology, doing so through the analysis of the Minamata disease, asbestos, and Fukushima disaster cases. (Asien/GIGA)