Suchergebnisse

The world food situation has not been declining for a number of years. Factors responsible are largely due to: (1) weather (poor conditions have occurred simultaneously in different areas over the past few years), (2) the energy crises, & (3) the fact that agriculture has inhibited itself through methods which exploit land & water. Distribution is also a key deterrent among most countries, hitting the low income groups the hardest. One factor which cannot be overlooked is the need to reduce the percentage of malnourished because this proportion will be congruent with population increase. Modified HA.

Funding HERU is core funded by the Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, and the University of Aberdeen. ; Peer reviewed ; Postprint

The most common means of measuring agricultural price distortion in less developed countries has been through the estimation of variously defined nominal protection coefficients. It is argued that the coefficients that have been employed are inadequate for measuring price distortion. An attempt is made to develop a suitable method for measuring distortion at each point in domestic marketing chains for agricultural commodities. Using the example of the price structures for maize in Kenya, the potential magnitude & direction of the differences between the conventional coefficients & the distortion coefficients developed here are demonstrated. 3 Tables, 21 References. Modified HA

Sources for International Trade, Prices, Production, and Consumption

The world trade liberalisation has been the major concern to
almost all the international communities since very long due to the
extensive trade restrictions imposed by the developed and industrial
countries. These restrictions caused to create a very tough
protectionist economic environment for all the countries [SESRTCIC
(1995) and Chaudhary (2001)]. Pakistan is one of the founder members of
the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since 1948 and a
signatory of Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Agreement (MTA) with
Word Trade Organisation (WTO). The Agreement made significant progress
in three major areas i.e. market liberalisation which could add
approximately one percent of world real GDP (US$212-274 billion) and 10
percent to world trade upon full implementation of the Agreement,
strengthening of rule and institutional structure, particularly the
creation of WTO, which could decide on dispute and impairment of trade
rules and principles, and integration of new areas into the multilateral
trading system such as general agreements on trade in services (GATS)
and trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs), trade-related
investment measures (TRIMs) and the traditionally sensitive and
contentious sectors (agriculture, and textile and clothing) [Abidin
(1994); GATT (1994) and IMF (1994)]. The classical economists explained
the welfare benefits of globalisation (by the specialisation and
widening of markets through trade). Trade can bring settlement by
allowing countries to take benefit of their comparative advantage,
harvest the profit of scale economies and ensure competition, greater
variety and potentially, more stable markets and prices. The free
movement of capital directs resources towards their more productive
use.

1. Introduction : food systems governance : challenges for justice, equality and human rights / Amanda Kennedy and Jonathan Liljeblad -- 2. Food system governance : a systematic literature review / Otto Hospes and Anke Brons -- 3. Food sovereignty : governance and exclusion in an alternative social movement / Kristal Jones and John T. Eshleman -- 4. Seed sovereignty and inequality : an analysis of seed systems and their impacts on small-scale farmers / Elise Wach -- 5. Transnational legal processes of the right to food : lessons learned from Papua, Indonesia / Irene I. Hadiprayitno -- 6. Foucault's evaluation of the UN call for human rights in global food governance / Jonathan Liljeblad -- 7. Sustaining food production in the anthropocene : influences by the regulation of crop biotechnology / Mark Perry -- 8. Plant genetic resources interdependence : re-integrating farmers into the global food system / Chidi Oguamanam -- 9. Contaminated land law of China : a possible way to achieve food safety? / Xiaobo Zhao -- 10. Life-cycle regulation of food safety in China : a legal perspective / Qin Tianbao and Wei Lele.

The article analyzes the relationship between the price of housing and the volume of issued housing loans in Russia in 2009—2021. Has the development of the mort- gage lending market in recent years driven up housing prices; as has often been claimed? Using data from Rosstat and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on average housing prices and lending volumes in Russia as a whole; as well as in Russian regions; the significance of mutual influence of their quarterly and annual changes is estimated using vector autoregression and panel vector autoregression models; taking into account exogenous variables. It has been found that mortgage lending dynamics was not a significant and stable factor in the growth of housing prices. The latter largely depended on the households' solvent demand; macroeco- nomic conditions; the state of regional economy; and dynamics of the housing stock.

The European Union's 2030 climate and energy policy and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development underline the commitment to mitigate climate change and reduce its impacts by supporting sustainable use of resources. This commitment has become stricter in light of the ambitious climate neutrality target set by the European Green Deal for 2050. Water, Energy and Food are the key variables of the "Nexus Thinking" which face the sustainability challenge with a multi-sectoral approach. The aim of the paper is to show the methodological path toward the implementation of an integrated modeling platform based on the Nexus approach and consolidated energy system analysis methods to represent the agri-food system in a circular economy perspective (from the use of water, energy, biomass, and land to food production). The final aim is to support decision-making connected to climate change mitigation. The IEA-The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System (TIMES) model generator was used to build up the Basilicata Water, Energy and Food model (TIMES-WEF model), which allows users a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of climate change on the Basilicata agri-food system in terms of land use, yields and water availability and a critical comparison of these indicators in different scenarios. The paper focuses on the construction of the model's Reference Energy and Material System of the TIMES model, which integrates water and agricultural commodities into the energy framework, and on the results obtained through the calibration of the model β version to statistical data on agricultural activities.

This article reports on a participatory, mixed-methods study, of the causes and lived experiences of food insecurity in the context of an unequal city in England. Among families with young children, we find that income and housing tenure are strongly associated with food insecurity and food bank use, and these impacts extend to higher socioeconomic status groups. Higher costs of food, housing and transport associated with life in an unequal context, meant that food formed part of a series of competing pressures on household budgets. We urge future food insecurity research to focus further on these broader socioeconomic drivers of poverty.