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Hans J. Morgenthau, one of the founders of classical realism, captured the essence of international politics in the words, "As long as the world is politically organized into nations, the national interest is indeed the last word in world politics." He also believed that national interest could be realized through military and economic power, these being the most influential sources of power seen from a realistic perspective. Joseph Nye, on the other hand, defines power as the ability to influence the behavior of others to realize the outcomes one desires, classifying the ways in which such influence is exercised into two categories: Command Power and Co-optive Power. Command Power is the ability to change what others do, which includes military and economic power, i.e. those valued from a realistic perspective. These forms of power are defined as Hard Power. Meanwhile, Co-optive Power is the ability to shape what others want, referring to non-material resources such as culture, ideology, and the ability to create an inter-national system. These are defined as Soft Power. Based on this definition of Hard Power and Soft Power, Nye claimed a shift was taking place in international politics from Hard Power to Soft Power.

NZIER commissioned in 2003 by Sister Cities New Zealand to: 1. Investigate the economic benefits of Sister Cities relationships; 2. Explore their potential for supporting regional economic development; 3. Interviewed 40 respondents in 15 businesses, 5 Councils and 3 Schools. Recommissioned in 2019 to follow up with the original interviewees and find out how their businesses have changed.

Just over three years ago, world leaders came together and adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It expanded on the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and encapsulated global goals that were 'unprecedented in scope and significance…setting out a supremely ambitious and transformational vision.' The SDGs do so by acknowledging the relevance of issues such as climate change, rapid urbanization, clean and sustainable energy, agriculture, and resilient infrastructure, safe cities and human settlements on efforts to eradicate hunger and poverty.

This ADBI newsletter is published periodically throughout the year to provide information on current events, seminars and summits, Job opportunities, blogs and news and current publications concerning growth and development in Asia and the Pacific.

This report summarizes Africa's rapid and idiosyncratic urbanization and the challenges and opportunities such kinetic growth present to implementing the NUA, realizing Sustainable Development Goal 11 on sustainable cities and communities, and fulfilling Agenda 2063's Aspiration 6 on empowered and engaged youth. It further highlights policy intervention areas that would harness the forces of urbanization to capitalize on Africa's demographic dividend and advance sustainable development.

National audience ; Dieser Artikel untersucht die Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des vorzeitigen Schulabbruchs in drei geografischen Gebieten. Die staatliche Politik wird analysiert und die lokalen Ausprägungen dieser Maßnahmen werden auf drei Ebenen hinterfragt : die territoriale Strukturierung der Abhilfemaßnahmen, die jeweiligen territorialen Bedingungen für die Umsetzung staatlicher Maßnahmen und die Annahme des öffentlichen Angebots durch die jungen Schulabbrecher selbst. ; This article studies the implementation of early school leaving (ESL) policies within three French territories. It aims to unpack the role of territorial dynamics on the regional and local ESL policies at three analytical levels : the framework of local public offer, the territorial constraints on the implementation of ESL policies and the beneficiaries' experience of these policies. ; Este artículo estudia los dispositivos de lucha contra el abandono escolar en tres territorios. Mediante el análisis de las políticas públicas, apunta a interrogar la variación local de estos dispositivos en tres niveles : la estructuración territorial de la oferta de remediación, las condiciones de aplicación de los dispositivos públicos en estos territorios y la recepción de esta oferta pública por parte de los mismos jóvenes desertores. ; Cet article étudie les dispositifs de lutte contre le décrochage scolaire dans trois territoires. Au prisme de l'analyse des politiques publiques, il vise à interroger la variation locale de ces dispositifs à trois niveaux : la structuration territoriale de l'offre de remédiation, les conditions de mise en œuvre des dispositifs publics sur ces territoires et la réception de cette offre publique par les jeunes décrocheurs eux-mêmes.

Centre for Economic and Social Development Quarterly Newsletter publication providing concise analyses and perspectives on Myanmar.

We develop a spatial resource model in continuous time in which two agents strategically exploit a mobile resource in a two-locations setup. In order to contrast the overexploitation of the resource (the tragedy of commons) that occurs when the player are free to choose where to fish/hunt/extract/harvest, the regulator can establish a series of spatially structured policies. We compare the three situations in which the regulator: (a) leaves the player free to choose where to harvest; (b) establishes a natural reserve where nobody is allowed to harvest; (c) assigns to each player a specific exclusive location to hunt. We show that when preference parameters dictate a low harvesting intensity, the policies cannot mitigate the overexploitation and in addition they worsen the utilities of the players. Conversely, in a context of harsher harvesting intensity, the intervention can help to safeguard the resource, preventing the extinction and also improving the welfare of both players.

National audience ; Dieser Artikel untersucht die Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des vorzeitigen Schulabbruchs in drei geografischen Gebieten. Die staatliche Politik wird analysiert und die lokalen Ausprägungen dieser Maßnahmen werden auf drei Ebenen hinterfragt : die territoriale Strukturierung der Abhilfemaßnahmen, die jeweiligen territorialen Bedingungen für die Umsetzung staatlicher Maßnahmen und die Annahme des öffentlichen Angebots durch die jungen Schulabbrecher selbst. ; This article studies the implementation of early school leaving (ESL) policies within three French territories. It aims to unpack the role of territorial dynamics on the regional and local ESL policies at three analytical levels : the framework of local public offer, the territorial constraints on the implementation of ESL policies and the beneficiaries' experience of these policies. ; Este artículo estudia los dispositivos de lucha contra el abandono escolar en tres territorios. Mediante el análisis de las políticas públicas, apunta a interrogar la variación local de estos dispositivos en tres niveles : la estructuración territorial de la oferta de remediación, las condiciones de aplicación de los dispositivos públicos en estos territorios y la recepción de esta oferta pública por parte de los mismos jóvenes desertores. ; Cet article étudie les dispositifs de lutte contre le décrochage scolaire dans trois territoires. Au prisme de l'analyse des politiques publiques, il vise à interroger la variation locale de ces dispositifs à trois niveaux : la structuration territoriale de l'offre de remédiation, les conditions de mise en œuvre des dispositifs publics sur ces territoires et la réception de cette offre publique par les jeunes décrocheurs eux-mêmes.

We develop a spatial resource model in continuous time in which two agents strategically exploit a mobile resource in a two-locations setup. In order to contrast the overexploitation of the resource (the tragedy of commons) that occurs when the player are free to choose where to fish/hunt/extract/harvest, the regulator can establish a series of spatially structured policies. We compare the three situations in which the regulator: (a) leaves the player free to choose where to harvest; (b) establishes a natural reserve where nobody is allowed to harvest; (c) assigns to each player a specific exclusive location to hunt. We show that when preference parameters dictate a low harvesting intensity, the policies cannot mitigate the overexploitation and in addition they worsen the utilities of the players. Conversely, in a context of harsher harvesting intensity, the intervention can help to safeguard the resource, preventing the extinction and also improving the welfare of both players.

The case study reports in this book give an overview of features and lessons learned from the planning, construction, and operation of the projects. In September 2013, the fourth international seminar was held in cooperation with ADB's Regional Knowledge Sharing Initiative that funded a photo exhibit of new towns and new districts. More than 130 experts from the PRC, Europe, and India took part. This volume results from the 2013 Urban Knowledge Hub activities and workshop. The Urban Knowledge Hub is a regional knowledge cooperation platform that will continue to identify key challenges as well as summarize and disseminate successful experiences promoting people-oriented, resources-saving, and environment-friendly sustainable urban development.

A quarterly compilation of the latest activities and publications of the NTS-Asia Consortium

A quarterly compilation of the latest activities and publications of the NTS-Asia Consortium

One of the most important known unknowns in the path to 2045 is that the world, including our two countries, Indonesia and Japan, will undergo dramatic economic, social, political, and cultural transformations. In the 1980s, few of us could have imagined the world in which we now live, where smartphones and the Internet, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, drones, and advances in biology and medical science have changed our lives fundamentally; where Indonesia is being led by a former mayor and governor turned president elected directly in a full-fledged democracy; and where Japan is no longer an economic superpower or even the largest economy in Asia. We can assume something equally unimaginable awaits us in 2045. And although we do not know what the world will look like by then, we know it will be radically different from the one we now know and that we should prepare for it in every way we can. Technological advances will present us with major changes in the areas of business, employment, government, education, health, defence, and security. The challenges will be enormous. We therefore need to train people to meet all the challenges that will confront us, so that we can reap the benefits of technological transformation to make the world, as well as our two countries, a better place. Our countries have had their share of ups and downs in our histories. But they achieved, or are in the process of achieving, a life of plenty, freedom, and safety for our peoples thanks to the efforts, wisdom, courage, and commitments of our predecessors. Thus, we should be optimistic about our ability to meet the challenges we will face in the coming years. The most important questions we should ask are what kind of countries we want to build, what positions we want to occupy in the Indo-Pacific region and the world, and what we can do together to achieve our objectives.

Centre for Economic and Social Development Quarterly Newsletter publication providing concise analyses and perspectives on Myanmar.