Suchergebnisse

Resumo: A natureza e disponibilidade de fontes primárias ainda é matéria controversa para antropólogos, sociólogos e historiadores voltados ao tema da alimentação como prática cultural e social, a princípio, por motivo de muitas dessas fontes serem inacessíveis, escassas ou inexistentes. Este estudo pretende distinguir as Memórias de Pedro Nava como relevante fonte de pesquisa para a história e sociologia da alimentação.O objetivo é examinar de modo comparativo excertos de Baú de ossos (1972) relacionando-os a obras de Edison Carneiro, Jean-Pierre Poulain, Câmara Cascudo, Gilberto Freyre, Robert Zussman e às reminiscências de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, José de Alencar e Renato Almeida. A análise indica que memórias podem gerar ampla base de informes, fontes e dados ao pesquisador e historiador da alimentação.Palavras-chave: Pedro Nava. Memórias. Culinária. Alimentação. Abstract: The nature and availability of primary sources remains a controversial subject for anthropologists, sociologists and historians devoted to the theme of food as cultural and social practice, due to the previous inaccessibility of many of these sources, that may be scarce or non-existent. The aim of this study is to distinguish Pedro Nava's Memoirs as a revelevant source of research to explore the history and sociology of food. The objective is to examine comparatively excerpts of Baú de ossos (1972) in relation to the works of Edison Carneiro, Jean-Pierre Poulain, Câmara Cascudo, Gilberto Freyre, Robert Zussman and the literary reminiscences of Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, José de Alencar and Renato Almeida. The analysis indicates that memoirs can display a wide range of data, information and sources for the food historian and researcher.Keywords: Pedro Nava. Memoirs. Culinary. Feeding.

Youth in Superdiverse Societies brings together theoretical, methodological and international approaches to the study of globalization, diversity, and acculturation in adolescence. It examines vital issues including migration, integration, cultural identities, ethnic minorities, and the interplay of ethnic and cultural diversity with experiences of growing up as an adolescent. This important volume focuses on understanding the experiences and consequences of multicultural societies and offers valuable new insights in the field of intergroup relations and the complexity of growingly heterogeneous societies. The book comprises four sections. The first includes fresh theoretical perspectives for studying youth development in multicultural societies, exploring topics such as superdiversity, globalization, bicultural identity development, polyculturalism, the interplay of acculturation and development, as well as developmental-ecological approaches. The second section highlights innovative methods in studying multicultural societies. It contains innovative dynamic concepts (e.g., experience-based sampling), methods for studying the nested structure of acculturative contexts, and suggestions for cross-comparative research to differentiate universal and context-specific processes. The third section examines social relations and social networks in diverse societies and features developmentally crucial contexts (e.g., family, peers, schools) and contributions on interethnic interactions in real-life contexts. The final section presents applications in natural settings and includes contributions on participatory action research and teachers dealings' with ethnic diversity. Each chapter provides a thorough overview of current research trends and findings, followed by detailed recommendations for future research, suggesting how the approaches can be cited, applied and improved. Youth in Superdiverse Societies is valuable reading for students studying adolescent acculturation and development in psychology, sociology, education, anthropology, linguistics and political science. It will also be of interest to scholars and researchers in social and developmental psychology, and related disciplines, as well as professionals in the field of migration.

In 2004, first post-communist countries joined the European Union. Hence, the bipolar vision of Europe (that would be composed of West and East) seems to fade away. Nonetheless, this might not be the case in matters of collective identity. In this essay, I will be using theoretical tools coming from the field of sociology of memory (that tries to understand intertwined relations between memory, history and politics) in order to present grievances of the "East" towards the "West". I will start by tackling the definition of Central Europe, in order to be able to assess subsequently what are the expectations of the countries that constitute this region, towards their Western neighbours, in terms of the recognition of the memory of their communist past and how this question, if ever, is dealt with at the European level. ; En 2004, les premiers pays post-communistes ont adhéré à l'Union européenne. Ainsi, la vision bipolaire de l'Europe (qui serait composée de l'Ouest et de l'Est) semble s'effacer. Néanmoins, cela semble moins clair sur le plan identitaire. Le présent essai, utilisant des outils théoriques provenant du champ de la sociologie de la mémoire (qui élabore sur les relations entre la mémoire, l'histoire et la politique), s'interroge sur les doléances mémorielles des pays de l'« Est » envers leurs voisins de l'« Ouest ». En partant d'une tentative de définir le concept de l'Europe centrale, je vais porter un regard sur les attentes des pays qui constituent cette zone, envers leurs voisins occidentaux, en termes de reconnaissance de la mémoire de leur passé communiste, et comment cela est pris en compte dans le cadre européen – si tant est que ce le soit.

If contemporary art seems opaque, it might largely be due to the presence of a world of reference that include some people and exclude others, via various forms of interactions between significant actors. This idea is defended here by Delphine Masset, who presents some insights taken from her master's dissertation in sociology, which focused on the teaching of contemporary art. The questions she raises reflects her will to try and uncover interactional, communicational and normative stakes shaping the teaching of contemporary art in today's art schools.The originality of her approach indeed resides in the transposition into the artistic field, of political deliberative theories. More precisely, her aim is to show how common processes of socialisation are constructed by the various kinds of interactions between artists, and how these processes participate in return to the elaboration of a common world of reference structured by more or less codified practices. ; Dans cet article, Delphine Masset nous présente suite à la réalisation de son mémoire de licence en sociologie une problématisation sociologique de la question de l'enseignement de l'art contemporain. Les questions qu'elle formule se caractérisent par la volonté de mettre aux jours les enjeux interactionnels, communicationnels et normatifs qui se jouent dans la transmission de savoirs artistiques dans les écoles d'art à l'heure actuelle. L'originalité de sa problématique repose sur l'adoption d'un regard politique sur cette question, c'est-à-dire, par l'incorporation des théories délibérative de l'espace publique dans ce champ. Il s'agira alors pour étudier les processus de socialisation artistique de comprendre comment se construisent des espaces de communication interacteurs qui permettront le développement de normes et d'un monde commun unifiant les artistes dans un référent propre.

The sociological lives of a work: The trajectories, productions and receptions of Abdelmalek Sayad (1960–2000)Taking as his point of departure the sociological-analytical tools applied by the immigration scholar Abdelmayek Sayad, the author of this article investigates the biographical facts that influenced Sayad's works and practice. The first part is devoted to Sayad's Algerian biography, that is his life before arriving in France in 1963. The most important point here is the meeting, during the Algerian War (1958), of young Pierre Bourdieu, then an assistant at the University of Algiers and the turn they both made to social science. The second part of the text is devoted to the life of Abdelmalek Sayad on different stages of the creation and reception of his scholarly work. The author aims to study the ways in which the sociologist took into consideration the reception of his work: how reception reflexively influenced Sayad's sociology. Socjologiczne życiorysy pewnego dzieła: Trajektorie, produkcje i recepcje Abdelmaleka Sayada (1960–2000)Wychodząc od narzędzi socjologiczno-analitycznych wykorzystywanych przez badacza imigracji Abdelmaleka Sayada, autor bada fakty biograficzne, które wpłynęły na socjologiczną twórczość i praktykę Sayada. W pierwszej części tekstu autor przygląda się biografii algierskiej Sayada, czyli jego losom przed przybyciem do Francji w 1963 roku. Najważniejszym punktem będzie tu spotkanie w czasie wojny algierskiej z młodym Pierre'em Bourdieu, wówczas asystentem na uniwersytecie w Algierze (1958), i zwrot ich obu ku naukom społecznym. Druga część tekstu poświęcona jest drodze życiowej Abdelmaleka Sayada na różnych etapach powstawania i odbioru jego twórczości naukowej. Celem autora jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób socjolog uwzględnił recepcję swojego dzieła, a zatem to, jak recepcja ta zwrotnie wpływała na sposób uprawiania przez niego nauki.

During the 1980s, the study of social movements became a central element of Chilean social thought. In the context of the struggle against the dictatorship, the forms of organization and protest deployed by the popular sectors attracted the attention of academics and politicians in an attempt to determine their nature and democratizing potential. Hegemonic sociology concluded that social movements did not exist in Chile and that social mobilizations had to be subordinate to the strategy of political parties, thereby bestowing a "scientific" status on the social-political divide. In the 1990s, with the end of the dictatorship, those sociologists abandoned the study of social movements. Only social history persisted in the understanding of the formation of popular subjectivities, contributing tools for characterizing the popular realm and the most recent outbreaks of protest and mobilization. El estudio de los movimientos sociales se constituyó como un eje central del pensamiento social chileno en la década de los ochenta. En el contexto de la lucha contra la dictadura, las formas de organización y de protesta desplegadas por los sectores populares concitaron la atención de académicos y políticos, en aras de establecer su carácter y potencialidad democratizadora. La sociología hegemónica concluyó que no existían movimientos sociales en Chile, y que las movilizaciones sociales debían subordinarse a la estrategia de los partidos políticos, dotando de "cientificidad" la escisión entre lo social y lo político. En los noventa, con el fin de la dictadura, aquellos sociólogos abandonaron el estudio de los movimientos sociales. Sólo la historia social perseveró en la comprensión de la constitución de las subjetividades populares, aportando herramientas para la caracterización del mundo popular y de los más recientes estallidos de protesta y movilización.

Цель. Исследовать возможности применения квалиметрической модели оценки структурного рейтинга мягкой силы по двум составляющим индекса: индекс спортивного влияния и индекс влияния: образования, языка, экономики. Данная модель позволяет оценивать государства по количественным и качественным характеристикам, опираясь на балльно-рейтинговую форму, основанную на интегральных параметрах.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования составляют спортивно-образовательные теории и концепции. Данное исследование потребовало включить целый ряд оценочных подходов с включением инструментария педагогики, политологии, экономики, спорта и др.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор сделал попытку создать интегральную модель оценки уровня рейтинга мягкой силы, основанной на широком диапазоне различных информативных данных, включающих различные показатели.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в педагогической, спортивной, политической деятельностях, где требуется оценить уровень развития государства как в отдельном, так и интегральных аспектах. ; The aim. To study the possibilities of qualimetric model of soft power structural rating evaluation application. By two index components: namely sport impact index and education impact index. The present model allows to evaluate state by quantitive and qualitative characteristics depend on grade and rating system based on integral parameters.The method or methodology of the paper. The research is based on sports-educational theories and concepts. This study involves a wide range of cross-disciplinary approaches including the tools of pedagogy, political science, economics, economic sociology etc.The results. The results of the work are about making an attempt to create an integral model of assessing the soft power level based on a wide range of various informative data, including different indicators.The field of application. The results of the research can be used in pedagogical, sport, economic, political practices where it is required to assess the level of soft power both in a separate and integral aspects.

Moviéndonos en la dimensión disciplinar de la sociología política, articularemos en este trabajo ciertos aportes que entre las décadas de 1960 y 1990 esgrimieron los marxistas críticos argentinos Silvio Frondizi y José Aricó. A modo de hipótesis, consideramos que estos aportes pueden ser productivamente vinculados a las temáticas de la "traducibilidad de los lenguajes científicos y filosóficos" y del "constituyentismo", tratados por Antonio Gramsci en distintos momentos de su trayectoria político-intelectual pero fundamentalmente en sus ya míticos Cuadernos de la cárcel . En el lapso que va de la Revolución Cubana de 1959 a las transiciones a la democracia en América latina en los últimos decenios del siglo XX, lo expuesto por Frondizi y Aricó apunta a desarrollar todo el potencial de la cuestión de la soberanía popular, estructurando así una promesa aún muy débilmente considerada tanto en la cultura como en la política. ; Moving to the discipline of political sociology, we will articulate certain contributions of the critical Argentine Marxists, Silvio Frondizi and José Aricó, whose primary writings spanned the decades of 1960s to the 1990s. As a hypothesis, we will consider that these contributions can be productively linked to the themes of the "translatability of scientific and philosophical languages" and of "constitutionalism", referred to by Antonio Gramsci at different moments of his political-intellectual trajectory, but fundamentally in his already legendary Prison Notebooks. In the period from the Cuban Revolution of 1959 to the transitions to democracy in Latin America in the last decades of the 20th century, what Frondizi and Aricó have set out to develop is the full potential of the notion of popular sovereignty. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

Time can be thought of as a resource that people need for good health. Healthy behaviour, accessing health services, working, resting and caring all require time. Like other resources, time is socially shaped, but its relevance to health and health inequality is yet to be established. Drawing from sociology and political economy, we set out the theoretical basis for two measures of time relevant to contemporary, market-based societies. We measure amount of time spent on care and work (paid and unpaid) and the intensity of time, which refers to rushing, effort and speed. Using data from wave 9 (N = 9177) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia Survey we found that time poverty (> 80 h per week on care and work) and often or always rushing are barriers to physical activity and rushing is associated with poorer self-rated and mental health. Exploring their social patterning, we find that time-poor people have higher incomes and more time control. In contrast, rushing is linked to being a woman, lone parenthood, disability, lack of control and work-family conflicts. We supply a methodology to support quantitative investigations of time, and our findings underline time's dimensionality, social distribution and potential to influence health. ; The research was supported by an Australian Research Council linkage grant LP100100106 in partner-ship with the Department of Social Services (DSS) and Sydney West Area Heath Service (SWAHS). Thefindings and views reported in this article are those of the authors and should not be attributed to DSS,SWAHS and cannot be taken in any way as expressions of government policy or the Melbourne Institute.Lyndall Strazdins is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship FT110100686.

Pesticides used in agriculture are a known environmental problematic fact. Despite the involvement of agriculture and the contribution of significant public funding, agri-environmental public policies deployed for over 40 years struggle to achieve their goals, where sustainable production systems remain convincing but marginal. Faced with this context, designing and spreading alternative techniques to chemicals remains a challenge for government and professionals. From case of a professional project aiming at removing herbicides in the South West of France vineyards, this thesis proposes to re-examine, through the prism of a sociology that pay attention to action (less than actors), the innovation capacity of agriculture and the responsiveness of public authorities about agri-environment, focusing on the analysis of professional collective action as a way of regulating environmental public issues, and considering its development out, in parallel, upstream or below established public policies offer. The research shows that in such conditions, objects, mobiles and collectives comprised by environmental action are heterogeneous, ambiguous, variable and flexible, throughout their discussions. Plurality and change situations emphasize as much unpredictability of collective action that impossibility of standardization, that are likely to call (on the contrary) differentiated institutional responses to the same environmental problem. ; Les pesticides utilisés en agriculture posent aujourd'hui des problèmes avérés sur le plan sanitaire et environnemental. Malgré l'implication du monde agricole et l'apport de financements publics significatifs, les politiques publiques déployées depuis 40 ans en matière d'agri-environnement peinent à atteindre leurs objectifs, là où les systèmes de production durables développés en réaction au modèle productiviste s'avèrent probants mais marginaux. La transition vers des systèmes de production plus respectueux de l'environnement demeure ainsi un défi pour les pouvoirs publics et ...

Pesticides used in agriculture are a known environmental problematic fact. Despite the involvement of agriculture and the contribution of significant public funding, agri-environmental public policies deployed for over 40 years struggle to achieve their goals, where sustainable production systems remain convincing but marginal. Faced with this context, designing and spreading alternative techniques to chemicals remains a challenge for government and professionals. From case of a professional project aiming at removing herbicides in the South West of France vineyards, this thesis proposes to re-examine, through the prism of a sociology that pay attention to action (less than actors), the innovation capacity of agriculture and the responsiveness of public authorities about agri-environment, focusing on the analysis of professional collective action as a way of regulating environmental public issues, and considering its development out, in parallel, upstream or below established public policies offer. The research shows that in such conditions, objects, mobiles and collectives comprised by environmental action are heterogeneous, ambiguous, variable and flexible, throughout their discussions. Plurality and change situations emphasize as much unpredictability of collective action that impossibility of standardization, that are likely to call (on the contrary) differentiated institutional responses to the same environmental problem. ; Les pesticides utilisés en agriculture posent aujourd'hui des problèmes avérés sur le plan sanitaire et environnemental. Malgré l'implication du monde agricole et l'apport de financements publics significatifs, les politiques publiques déployées depuis 40 ans en matière d'agri-environnement peinent à atteindre leurs objectifs, là où les systèmes de production durables développés en réaction au modèle productiviste s'avèrent probants mais marginaux. La transition vers des systèmes de production plus respectueux de l'environnement demeure ainsi un défi pour les pouvoirs publics et ...

В работе приведен обзор литературы по вопросу о взаимосвязи между явлением информационной открытости вузов и практиками потребительского поведения в системе высшего образования, которые детерминируются влиянием информации. Освещены основные этапы становления правового регулирования информационной открытости образовательных учреждений, в том числе вузов, в России. Установлено, что, соглашаясь с распространением на современную систему высшего образования основных правил функционирования рынка, российские исследователи уделяют недостаточное внимание специфике формирования потребительского спроса и факторам, определяющим потребительский выбор. Представленный в статье анализ феномена потребления, имеющего широкий социальный контекст, опирается на различные подходы, предложенные зарубежными авторами, к определению понятия консьюмеризации, которое используется в отечественной научной литературе в контексте категории потребительства в различных сферах общества. Определены основные научные подходы к проблеме потребительского поведения в различных сервисных сферах. Раскрыта специфика консьюмеризма в политологии, культурологии, философии, социологии. Уточнено содержание феномена потребления применительно к сфере высшего образования, рассмотрена роль рейтингов в принятии абитуриентами решения о выборе вуза. ; The paper presents an overview of research investigating the relationship between higher education consumerism and information transparency. It focuses on the major stages of the legal regulation of higher education information transparency. The paper maintains that Russian researchers underestimate the importance of customer demand and the factors that determine consumer choice. The paper analyzes the phenomenon of consumerism, which has a wide social context, on the basis of various approaches suggested by foreign authors and on the basis of Russian scholars' understanding of the term consumerism. The paper defines major approaches to consumer behavior in various service spheres. It deals with consumerism in political science, culturology, philosophy, sociology. It provides a more detailed definition of the phenomenon of consumerism in higher education. It treats the role of rankings in students' preferences.

International audience ; Tracking down traces of war in territories where no physical confrontation, or even almost no violence took place was a particularly challenging task. It has forced researchers invested in this enterprise to invent or reinvent sources, to reread them with a different perspective, to develop other themes such as the history of representations, history of emotions or history of memory, to show, in short, imagination more than usual. The issue of this collective work of which this text is the conclusion meant to emphasize one aspect of the recent analysis of conflicts: that of the "culture of war". The richness of the investigation, however, shows that this concept is not limited to an exclusively cultural history, but is as much a political, social, military, economic, which can easily dialog with political science or sociology ; Traquer les traces d'une guerre sur des territoires où aucune confrontation physique, voire même aucune violence ou presque n'a eu lieu était une tâche particulièrement ambitieuse. Elle a obligé les chercheurs investis dans cette entreprise à inventer ou réinventer des sources, à les relire avec un autre regard, à développer autrement des thématiques comme l'histoire des représentations, des émotions ou encore de la mémoire, à faire preuve en somme, plus que de coutume, d'imagination. La problématique de cet ouvrage collectif dont ce texte est la conclusion impliquait de privilégier un aspect de l'analyse récente des conflits : celui de la « culture de guerre ». La richesse de l'enquête montre cependant que cette notion ne se limite pas à une histoire exclusivement culturelle, mais relève tout autant d'une histoire politique, sociale, militaire, économique qui peut aisément dialoguer avec la science politique ou la sociologie.

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche pluridisciplinaire (géochimie, sociologie) portant sur l'accroissement observé des concentrations d'argent sous la forme particulaire et nanoparticulaire (Ag et nanoAg) dans les milieux aquatiques de l'estuaire de la Gironde. Il propose conjointement d'analyser les risques d'une contamination des milieux aquatiques par l'argent et d'observer le processus de construction sociale et politique de ce risque par les gestionnaires de l'eau, les autorités sanitaires, les agences et comités d'expertise et d'évaluation des risques, des associations environnementales et des industriels utilisateurs d'argent. La mise à jour de quatre types de construction du risque permet de comprendre les différentes logiques d'argumentation mobilisées. Cette coopération scientifique pluridisciplinaire ouvre des perspectives sur les problématiques santé-environnement en diffusant des savoirs pour l'action et en favorisant la réflexivité des acteurs locaux confrontés au problème émergent de la concentration de l'argent dans les milieux aquatiques. / This article presents the results of multidisciplinary research (geochemistry, sociology) into the increasing concentrations of silver (Ag and nanoAg) in the environment and their potential impact on aquatic environments. We investigate simultaneously the risk of contamination of these environments by silver and the process of the social and political construction of this risk by water managers, health authorities, agencies and committees responsible for expert evaluations, environmental associations, and potential users of silver or nano-silver. Four updated models of risk construction allow us to understand the logic of arguments mobilized at this stage of the emerging risk. This interdisciplinary cooperation opens up possibilities for dealing with some environmental health issues; it highlights the benefits of an approach aiming to disseminate knowledge to enable action and to promote awareness and analysis by the local stakeholders and ...

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche pluridisciplinaire (géochimie, sociologie) portant sur l'accroissement observé des concentrations d'argent sous la forme particulaire et nanoparticulaire (Ag et nanoAg) dans les milieux aquatiques de l'estuaire de la Gironde. Il propose conjointement d'analyser les risques d'une contamination des milieux aquatiques par l'argent et d'observer le processus de construction sociale et politique de ce risque par les gestionnaires de l'eau, les autorités sanitaires, les agences et comités d'expertise et d'évaluation des risques, des associations environnementales et des industriels utilisateurs d'argent. La mise à jour de quatre types de construction du risque permet de comprendre les différentes logiques d'argumentation mobilisées. Cette coopération scientifique pluridisciplinaire ouvre des perspectives sur les problématiques santé-environnement en diffusant des savoirs pour l'action et en favorisant la réflexivité des acteurs locaux confrontés au problème émergent de la concentration de l'argent dans les milieux aquatiques. / This article presents the results of multidisciplinary research (geochemistry, sociology) into the increasing concentrations of silver (Ag and nanoAg) in the environment and their potential impact on aquatic environments. We investigate simultaneously the risk of contamination of these environments by silver and the process of the social and political construction of this risk by water managers, health authorities, agencies and committees responsible for expert evaluations, environmental associations, and potential users of silver or nano-silver. Four updated models of risk construction allow us to understand the logic of arguments mobilized at this stage of the emerging risk. This interdisciplinary cooperation opens up possibilities for dealing with some environmental health issues; it highlights the benefits of an approach aiming to disseminate knowledge to enable action and to promote awareness and analysis by the local stakeholders and ...