Suchergebnisse

PurposeUntil recently, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, whose members consist of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain, has not significantly focused on the green transition. Specifically, wind energy development has made minimal progress relative to that of other regions.Design/methodology/approachThe abundance of cheap fossil fuels in the region has not incentivized renewable energy development, and where this has taken place solar technologies are often preferred.FindingsHowever, lower technology costs together with lost investment opportunities – also common elsewhere in the world, has increased the pressure on the GCC region from developers. This work qualitatively addresses the challenges and the strategies for the wind development in the area. It focuses on the analysis of different proposed type of investments – driven by a state-supported proposed fund – such as utility-scale investments, industry-specific investments, manufacturing investments and regional accelerators.Originality/valueThe work also suggests that Gulf sovereign wealth funds should act as the lead investors under new schemes, such as joint ventures, for wind development in the GCC, using their wealth to offering their populations with new sources of employment as well as energy that is sustainable.

THE CREATION OF AN ANTI-IRAQ COALITION AND THE SUBSEQUENT INVASION OF IRAQ WERE CONSIDERED TO BE SIGNIFICANT DIPLOMATIC AND MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS. YET IN LIGHT OF THE GREAT MEASURE OF UNCERTAINTY THAT STILL SURROUNDS THE FUTURE OF IRAQ, THE SURVIVAL OF SADDAM HUSSEIN AND HIS PERIODIC DEFIANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS BY PROVOCATIVE ACTS, THE CONTINUED UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE STATUS OF IRAQ'S MILITARY POWER, INCLUDING ITS NUCLEAR AND MISSILE CAPABILITY, AND, FINALLY, THE TREMENDOUS SUFFERING THAT THE WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH HAVE INFLICTED ON LARGE NUMBERS OF THE IRAQI PEOPLE, THE SUCCESS OF THIS VICTORY APPEAR LESS AND LESS COMPLETE. THE SITUATION IS BEGINNING TO RAISE QUESTIONS ABOUT THE WISDOM OF THE CURRENT UNITED STATES AND UNITED NATIONS POLICY TOWARDS IRAQ. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE IS NO CLEAR SOLUTION TO THE DILEMMAS POSED BY IRAQ AND ITS LEADER, SADDAM HUSEEIN.

In the period of "new" imperialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, France strived to create a sphere of influence in southwest China. To foster such imperialist policies, France's policy makers regarded French companies operating in East Asia as instrumental. One such firm was Auguste Raphael Marty's Tonkin Shipping Company, based in Haiphong, French Indochina, which operated steam coasters across the wider Gulf of Tonkin region. In the region's highly competitive shipping market, Marty strived to achieve a monopoly when favorable conditions permitted during the final phase of the Sino-Japanese War. His profit-driven strategy caused huge losses for Chinese shippers and ultimately resulted in their boycotting his ships through the Tsap Yet syndicate. When French officials intervened on Marty's behalf in negotiations with the Chinese government, the Syndicate was finally dissolved. It was followed by an agreement between the Chinese firm of Yuen Cheong Lee and Co. and the German firm of Jebsen and Co., based on long-established mutual trust between the owners. Although Marty received monetary compensation for his losses, he ruined his relationship with Chinese merchants. This case study presents little-known facts about the interactions among foreign firms in China and demonstrates the Chinese ability to react efficiently to unfair business practices. Keywords: French imperialism, Chinese shipping business, Southwest China, Gulf of Tonkin, Hoihow, Pakhoi, Haiphong, Western tramp shipping, Tonkin Shipping Company, Marty et d'Abbadie, Auguste Raphael Marty, Yuen Cheong Lee and Co., Jebsen and Co., Schomburg and Co., Tsap Yet Syndicate, Sir Robert Hart, Edmund Baron von Heyking, Kwang-chow-wan, Kiaochow

The article looks at how the war has had a lasting effect on Iran and it examines the very different repercussions in Iraq. The depressing conclusion is that after the eight-year long carnage in the Gulf and after nearly a year of peace, very little has changed. While the war allowed Khomeini to entrench his version of revolutionary Islam in power and awaken the people to fight the problems that threaten the revolution, Iraq's most important objective was and still is to secure once and for all her narrow access to the Gulf. The concentration on reconstruction activity in the southern region is said to be closely tied to the country's anxiety about its sovereignty in the area. (DÜI-Asd)