Suchergebnisse

Apresentação da seção dedicada aos melhores textos selecionados a partir da décima segunda edição do Seminário Nacional Sociologia & Política da UFPR.

The study establishes lines of direction to perform Compulsory Environmental Audit, i.e. legal requirements for rural establishments, in order to allow the application of the State Law n.º13.448/2002 currently in force in Paraná State, that determines the need to evaluate and examine, on a regular and organized basis, the legal, technical, and administrative aspects related to the activities with intensive use of pesticides capable to produce hazardous effects to the environment. It was proposed a specific methodology to conduct the environmental audit in conformity with the rural properties, which involved at first the establishment of the theoretical concepts of the environmental audit, criteria and methodologies of application, then the identification of the environmental aspects of the rural establishments, harmonizing them with the legal criteria to which the rural establishments must attend. Additionally, a specific methodology to audit these establishments for conformity is proposed. The suggested methodology was applied in three rural establishments of Paraná State to validate the lines of direction. It is concluded that the methodology developed and applied in this study enables auditing farms in order to meet the existing state law and that the environmental audit identifies and provides for its own compliance, non-conformities and opportunities for improvement in dealing with environmental issues , allowing to establish the most critical and defining the scale of priorities for resolving problems. ; O trabalho visou propor e validar diretrizes para realização de Auditoria Ambiental Compulsória em propriedades rurais, viabilizando a aplicação da Lei Estadual n.º 13.448/2002 vigente no estado do Paraná. Esta determina a necessidade de avaliar e examinar, de modo periódico e ordenado, os aspectos normativos, técnicos e administrativos relacionados às atividades com utilização intensiva de agrotóxicos, capazes de provocar efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente. Foram estabelecidos os conceitos teóricos da auditoria ambiental, critérios e metodologias de aplicação; em seguida foram identificados os aspectos ambientais das propriedades rurais, sistematizando-os com os critérios legais aos quais as propriedades rurais estão sujeitas. Posteriormente, foi proposta uma metodologia específica de auditoria de conformidade para estas propriedades, tendo como hipótese o fato de que as diretrizes levantadas contribuam para a efetiva aplicação da legislação existente. A metodologia sugerida foi aplicada em três propriedades rurais representativas do Estado do Paraná, identificando-se aspectos de conformidade legal, não conformidade e oportunidade de melhorias nas questões ambientais em cada unidade auditada. Conclui-se que a metodologia desenvolvida e aplicada neste estudo possibilita auditar propriedades rurais, de modo a atender a legislação estadual vigente, e que a auditoria ambiental identifica e disponibiliza para os proprietários suas conformidades, não conformidades e possibilidades de melhorias no trato das questões ambientais, permitindo estabelecer os pontos mais críticos e definir a escala de prioridades para resolução dos problemas detectados.

This chapter describes how the different ICARUS unmanned search and rescue tools have been evaluated and validated using operational benchmarking techniques. Two large‐scale simulated disaster scenarios were organized: a simulated shipwreck and an earthquake response scenario. Next to these simulated response scenarios, where ICARUS tools were deployed in tight interaction with real end users, ICARUS tools also participated to a real relief, embedded in a team of end users for a flood response mission. These validation trials allow us to conclude that the ICARUS tools fulfil the user requirements and goals set up at the beginning of the project.

The successful introduction and acceptance of novel technological tools are only possible if end users are completely integrated in the design process. However, obtaining such integration of end users is not obvious, as end‐user organizations often do not consider research toward new technological aids as their core business and are therefore reluctant to engage in these kinds of activities. This chapter explains how this problem was tackled in the ICARUS project, by carefully identifying and approaching the targeted user communities and by compiling user requirements. Resulting from these user requirements, system requirements and a system architecture for the ICARUS system were deduced. An important aspect of the user‐centered design approach is that it is an iterative methodology, based on multiple intermediate operational validations by end users of the developed tools, leading to a final validation according to user‐scripted validation scenarios.

The pursuit of better adaptation in clonal plants seedling production processes based on the minicutting technique has expanded the use of species and hybrid combinations of genera Corymbia and Eucalyptus in the composition of commercial crops. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of spectral quality on the rooting of Eucalyptus andrewsii, E. saligna, E. microcorys, E. cloeziana, E. pilularis, E. grandis, E. grandis × E. urophylla and Corymbia torelliana minicuttings to help better understanding the production of clonal plants. E. grandis × E. urophylla and C. torelliana root anatomy was analyzed. The effects of spectral quality on the rooting of minicuttings were evaluated based on three sources (fluorescent, red and blue). Survival (SUR), callogenesis (CAL), oxidation (OXI) and rooting (RO) percentage; length (RL) and diameter of the largest root (ROD); mean number of roots per minicutting (NRM), root epidermis thickness (RET), root cortex diameter (RCD), diameter of the root vascular cylinder (DRVC) and root diameter (RD) were evaluated at 30 days. Based on the results, wavelength specificity was a useful technology to optimize the large-scale production of clonal plants of Eucalyptus. Fluorescent spectral quality was the most appropriate source in the rooting of E. saligna (68.7%), E. microcorys (43.7%), E. pilularis (75.0%) and C. torelliana (75.0%) minicuttings; blue spectral quality was the most appropriate for E. andrewsii (55.5%), E. grandis (75.0%) and E. grandis × E. urophylla (81.3%); and red spectral quality was the most appropriate for E. cloeziana (56.2%).

The international rule of law is in retreat amid populism, climate change, and migration shifts which may soon shift the global balance of power, prompting international crisis. This global fate is preventable only by the improvement of the global rule of law, education, and public awareness of international diplomacy and security issues.

Modern search and rescue workers are equipped with a powerful toolkit to address natural and man-made disasters. This introductory chapter explains how a new tool can be added to this toolkit: robots. The use of robotic assets in search and rescue operations is explained and an overview is given of the worldwide efforts to incorporate robotic tools in search and rescue operations. Furthermore, the European Union ICARUS project on this subject is introduced. The ICARUS project proposes to equip first responders with a comprehensive and integrated set of unmanned search and rescue tools, to increase the situational awareness of human crisis managers, such that more work can be done in a shorter amount of time. The ICARUS tools consist of assistive unmanned air, ground, and sea vehicles, equipped with victim-detection sensors. The unmanned vehicles collaborate as a coordinated team, communicating via ad hoc cognitive radio networking. To ensure optimal human-robot collaboration, these tools are seamlessly integrated into the command and control equipment of the human crisis managers and a set of training and support tools is provided to them to learn to use the ICARUS system.

To reduce transmission of the coronavirus, the Brazilian government adopted containment measures to control the virus' spread, including limitations to the practice of physical activity. It was aimed to analyze the effects of COVID-19 quarantine on physical activity levels, energy expenditure, quality of life, and level of stress in a sample of the Brazilian population. The sample included 426 participants (7 to 80 years). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Short form survey-36 (SF-36), and Stress Perception Scale, were used to assess the level of physical activity, quality of life and stress, respectively. The anthropometric data was used to the assessment of body mass index and basal metabolic rate. Body weight increased significantly in all sample (p < 0.05). During the pandemic, 84% of the sample indicated a low level of physical activity. Furthermore, weekly energy expenditure decreased significantly in all age groups during the pandemic (children p < 0.0001; adolescents: p < 0.0001; adults p < 0.001, and elderly p < 0.0001). All aspects of quality of life, significantly reduced in both sexes in all age groups (p < 0.05). With the exception of children, stress levels increased significantly during the pandemic (adolescents: male: p = 0.003, female: p < 0.05; adults: male: p = 0.003, female: p = 0.01, and elderly: male: p = 0.02, female: p = 0.03). Findings from the present study suggests that COVID-19 social isolation has negatively affected Brazilian' physical activity and quality of life.

AbstractThe western-European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is an insectivore with a wide distribution in Portugal and a potential tool for biomonitoring relevant One Health hazards, including heavy metal(loid)s' pollution. The aim of this study was to positively contribute to the current knowledge about the metal(loid) pollution in Portugal. Forty-six hedgehogs (from rescue centres; with known provenance) were necropsied. Sex, age category and weight were determined. Spines, liver and kidney were collected, and metalloid concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS). In general, results did not present alarming metal(loid) concentrations, with the exception of cadmium (Cd) (in the kidneys) and copper (Cu). Hedgehogs from Viana do Castelo and Viseu showed elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) and Castelo Branco presented concerning values of cadmium (Cd). Adult and heavier hedgehogs tended to present higher levels of metal(loid)s. Sex does not seem to significantly affect the metal(loid)s' concentrations. Further analysis would be needed to prioritize areas with detail and allow the application of the necessary mitigation strategies.

Annatto byproduct is the residue from the extraction of powder dye that covers the seed pericarp; after processing, between 94% and 98% of the original product is considered a byproduct. The aim was to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of annatto byproduct on the components of sheep body weight. Thirty-two male sheep, not castrated, with initial weight of 23.17 ± 1.45 kg, without a defined breed, were used in randomized blocks in all four treatments (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg?1 of annatto byproduct in the diet dry matter). The increase to 300 g kg?1 of annatto byproduct had a negative linear effect (P < 0.05) for hot carcass weight (kg) and cold carcass weight (kg). Increasing levels of annatto byproduct resulted in a linear reduction (P < 0.05) for palette weight (kg), leg weight (kg), carcass compactness index (kg cm?1), liver weight (kg) and skin weight (kg). The inclusion of annatto byproduct up to 200 g kg?1 of dry matter in sheep diets did not affect the components of sheep body weight.

A ginástica rítmica é caracterizada como um esporte dinâmico que exige dos seus atletas uma alta demanda na preparação física e técnica dos participantes. Esses fatores podem gerar alterações mentais e psicológica nos atletas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os indicativos de distúrbios de imagem corporal de adolescentes praticantes de ginástica rítmica. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 69 adolescentes praticantes de ginástica rítmica, de 12 a 16 anos. Foi utilizada a versão feminina da Escala de insatisfação e checagem corporal nos esportes (EICCE). A análise de dados foi realizada por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kolmogorov-Smirnov e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (p<0,05). A dimensão que apresentou maior escore foi a insatisfação corporal (Md = 2,70). Ao comparar o indicativo de distúrbio de IC das adolescentes em função do tempo de prática, não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos. As adolescentes que praticam outra modalidade apresentaram maior insatisfação corporal do que as adolescentes que praticam apenas a ginástica rítmica (p = 0,045). Não houve diferença significativa no escore das dimensões de insatisfação corporal (p > 0,05) entre as adolescentes que praticam a ginástica rítmica até cinco vezes por semanas e as adolescentes que praticam a modalidade mais de cinco vezes por semana. Concluiu-se que as praticantes de ginastica rítmica não apresentam uma preocupação com a imagem corporal, com exceção das praticantes que praticavam outras modalidades.