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"Realism/Antirealism Debate: A Selection of the Most Important Arguments of the Debate. The present article intends to explore features of the realism/antirealism dispute. The intention is to offer arguments in favor of both sides for a better understanding of the debate. The article wants to use both logical arguments and sociological or psychological ones.

Keywords: realism, antirealism, debate, arguments, Dummett, Putnam"

THIS ESSAY ARGUES THAT IT IS DISTRESSING THAT MANY AMERICANS, INCLUDING MOST MEMBERS OF THE BENCH AND BAR, LOOK TO THE BILL OF RIGHTS AND THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT AS THE PRINCIPAL PROTECTION OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, WHILE OVERLOOKING THE ALL-IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS CONTAINED IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION ITSELF. THE ESSAY EXAMINES BOTH FRAMER'S INTENT AND CURRENT PRACTICE TO DEMONSTRATE THE VITAL ROLE THE CONSTITUTION PLAYS IN PROTECTION OF LIBERTY.

In 2023, the Brent oil benchmark, a key international oil price marker for global crude oil underwent a substantial change. It incorporated another key benchmark, West Texas Intermediate oil from Midland, produced in the US and sold into European and Asian markets. Brent is used to set prices for over 70 per cent of global crude oil, so this fundamental change in the composition of the benchmarks is making some observers question its future development and even its survival. Lessons from the past are very important for the future, particularly in this case. This book revisits the history and genesis of the Brent oil benchmark and how it came to dominate the global oil market for oil. With chapters written by the individuals involved in trading and shaping the market, it brings the richness and texture to the usual historical narrative by recalling the events, companies and people who shaped its history. It introduces the historical background to the international oil markets and the reasons for a move from OPEC-set prices to oil benchmarks. It discusses the role of the North Sea in the international oil markets, as well as the role of the British government in the British national oil and gas monopoly (British National Oil Corporation or BNOC). The development of the North Sea oil, which coincided with the liberalisation policies in the UK and US, is also discussed, alongside the challenges of the oil exchange (International Petroleum Exchange) in London, the home of Brent and looks at the failures, attempted takeovers, and its eventual sale to the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). It finally discusses the growing market ecosystem of the price reporting agencies (PRAs), which play a key role in establishing the value of the Brent benchmark. Adi Imsirovic is a Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (OIES) and a director of Surrey Clean Energy, an energy consultancy. He has over 35 years of experience in the energy markets, most of it as an oil trader. He is also Fulbright Scholar and was an Adjunct Research Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard. He has previously published the book Trading and Price Discovery for Crude Oils (2021) with Palgrave Macmillan

In 2023, the Brent oil benchmark, a key international oil price marker for global crude oil underwent a substantial change. It incorporated another key benchmark, West Texas Intermediate oil from Midland, produced in the US and sold into European and Asian markets. Brent is used to set prices for over 70 per cent of global crude oil, so this fundamental change in the composition of the benchmarks is making some observers question its future development and even its survival. Lessons from the past are very important for the future, particularly in this case. This book revisits the history and genesis of the Brent oil benchmark and how it came to dominate the global oil market for oil. With chapters written by the individuals involved in trading and shaping the market, it brings the richness and texture to the usual historical narrative by recalling the events, companies and people who shaped its history. It introduces the historical background to the international oil markets and the reasons for a move from OPEC-set prices to oil benchmarks. It discusses the role of the North Sea in the international oil markets, as well as the role of the British government in the British national oil and gas monopoly (British National Oil Corporation or BNOC). The development of the North Sea oil, which coincided with the liberalisation policies in the UK and US, is also discussed, alongside the challenges of the oil exchange (International Petroleum Exchange) in London, the home of Brent and looks at the failures, attempted takeovers, and its eventual sale to the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). It finally discusses the growing market ecosystem of the price reporting agencies (PRAs), which play a key role in establishing the value of the Brent benchmark. Adi Imsirovic is a Senior Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (OIES) and a director of Surrey Clean Energy, an energy consultancy. He has over 35 years of experience in the energy markets, most of it as an oil trader. He is also Fulbright Scholar and was an Adjunct Research Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard. He has previously published the book Trading and Price Discovery for Crude Oils (2021) with Palgrave Macmillan.

Social values are very important for well-being at work. This study investigates which and how social values affect well-being at work and contributes to the growing interest that the issue of quality of life at work has aroused in the areas of human resources management (HRM). Semi-structured interviews were held with 21 active employees of a large Portuguese business group in the environmental sector. The study took place in two parts; first, in December 2018 and then two years after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, in January 2022. Theories and concepts emerged from the thematic analysis and the subsequent consideration of the literature and emerging conceptual understanding. This qualitative interview study examines what employees expect from work experience about the behavior of leaders and supervisors as representatives of the formal structure of the organization and the behavior of co-workers as an expression of an ethical and positive work environment. The findings show the five social values most important for employee well-being: respect, trust, equity with no discrimination, help and gratitude. The knowledge of the social values with more impact on employee well-being constitutes very important information for human resource management and for the employees, themselves.

When disasters or emergencies strike, public agencies must often work together to return communities to normalcy. Tianyi Xiang and Yifan Chen examine why some public agencies coordinate with others in preparation for emergencies and disasters and the combination of factors which drives this active preparedness. Looking at how public transit agencies prepare for extreme weather … Continued