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The "swing justice" and her most important ruling to date; Ever since her 1981 nomination to the Supreme Court, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor has consistently provided the "swing vote" between a four-justice bloc of liberals and a four-justice bloc of conservatives. Rarely in the minority on any case, her position in 5 4 splits has usually prevailed. Swing Dance looks at her key role in the 2003 controversial University of Michigan affirmative action cases, which spelled out a new approach to how race may be used in admissions. These contentious decisions preserved affirmative action but applied it less strictly, without assigning any numerical advantage, or extra points, to minority applicants, as Michigan had done in the past.

British investment in Argentina in the period 1880–1914 amounted to some 8 percent of total British overseas investment; it exhibited long swings which were roughly similar to long swings in total British overseas investment but opposite to British domestic investment, although the bursts of lending to Argentina were particularly concentrated. These swings have attracted the attention of economists and some (notably Brinley Thomas) have pointed out that emigration from Europe to North America and American investment in construction and transportation and other series in the American economy exhibited 18–20 year swings similar to those in British overseas investment, and that these were all in opposite phase to swings in British home investment and the building cycle in Britain. They have then gone on to explain these inverse British patterns in terms of emigration and the growth rhythm of the Atlantic economy, with heavy stress being laid on North American effects. The analysis of movements of both labor and capital can then be conducted in terms of the varying intensities of the pull of opportunities at home and abroad, and the push of home conditions and prospects, and how these interacted with each other to produce these inverse patterns.

AbstractWe estimate the medium‐term relationship between investment and unemployment over the period 1960–2017 in 20 OECD countries, a period that includes the years of the Great Recession. While neoclassical growth theory typically assumes full employment—with no effect of investment on unemployment—and New‐Keynesian models assume that such a relationship only exists in the short term at business cycle frequencies, we find that over our sample period covering more than 5 decades, a statistically significant negative relationship does exist: in decades when investment fell, unemployment increased. Panel estimation, using a measure of stock market volatility as an instrument for investment, confirms the negative relationship between investment and unemployment. High stock market volatility and low investment are associated with high unemployment, other things equal. The evidence supports both Keynes' ideas about an unemployment equilibrium as well as more recent investment‐based theories of the natural rate of unemployment.

Swing države izrazito su važan političko-geografski fenomen u američkoj politici, a obzirom na ulogu SAD-a u svijetu taj fenomen se posljedično odražava i na svjetsku politiku. Politički sustav SAD-a jedinstven je i omogućava nastanak swing država. U analizi su proučavani određeni demografski faktori koji utječu na glasanje u swing državama kao što su rasna, religijska i dobno-spolna struktura te visina dohotka i utjecaj ruralnosti i urbaniziranosti. Na primjeru deset odabranih swing država analizirano je što je dovelo do toga da savezna država postane swing državom ili se prestane smatrati swing državom. Analiza je pokazala da neki faktori češće utječu na swing status određene savezne države nego drugi. Promatrane swing države su to najčešće postale zbog priljeva stanovništva migracijom. Uz to, analizirana je prostorna distribucija glasova unutar swing država te vrste glasača unutar swing država ; Swing states are an extremely important political-geographical phenomenon in American politics, given the role of the United States in the world, this phenomenon is consequently reflected in world politics. The US political system is unique and allows for the emergence of swing states. The analysis examined certain demographic factors influencing voting in swing states such as racial, religious and age-sex structure as well as income levels and the impact of rurality and urbanization. On the example of ten selected swing states, it was analysed what led to the federal state becoming a swing state or ceasing to be considered a swing state. The analysis showed that some factors affect the swing status of a particular federal state more often than others. The observed swing states have most often become so due to the influx of population through migration. In addition, the spatial distribution of votes within swing states were analysed and the types of voters within swing states as well.

This is a social science article on the politics of wind power, and on whether or not politics actually matters. While it may seem obvious that politics actually does, I argue that the arguments that we encounter about wind power very often are about economics, technology or geography, arguments that have something deterministic to them, and which leaves politics a lesser factor. Against this, I argue that while these arguments may go a long way toward explaining the general upward trajectory of wind power, they do a bad job of explaining swings in wind power installations, why some countries are more successful at wind power in general, and why within countries, you typically have periods of both stops and starts. For this, we need a political explanation. Of these, there are many, but from the vantage point of political economy, I suggest a focus on vested interests, among other reasons because this is an explanation that can be used to analyze both democracies and non-democracies, and both presidential and parliamentarian systems. Methodologically, the study is a qualitative comparative case-study of five countries (US, Denmark, Japan, Germany, China) employing a combination of John Stuart Mill's comparative methods and process-tracing. The main finding is that if you want to explain swings in wind power installations, you need to focus on the political system, and in particular on the interest politics that goes on behind the scenes. While economic, technological, or geographic explanations all provide useful amounts of understanding, neither explanation can explain swings. There is only one explanation that remains constant and important in every one of the five cases. Economics, technology and geography play different roles in different contexts to different extents. Politics on the other hand always plays a role. ; publishedVersion ; © 2017 Espen Moe, license AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)