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The aim of this paper is, through a comparative analysis of the attitude towards the Jews and later towards the Muslims in the Christian part, and the attitude towards the Jews and the Christians in the Muslim part of medieval Spain, to perceive the capacities for a religious tolerance of both religions in this area. The focus of the analysis is on the conditions regarding the religious tolerance in Visigoth Spain, the Omayyad Caliphate and the Christian principalities in the Reconquista period. The text relies on, for the most part, on the evidence from three classic works of Jewish historiography: The Jews in Moslem Spain by Eliyahu Ashtor, A History of the Jews in Christian Spain by Yitzhak Baer, Jews, God and History by Max Dimont and also The History of Spain by Rafael Altamira y Crevea. The starting point of the analysis is the presumption that the level of religious tolerance is to a large extent conditioned by the economic and political circumstances of the societies where different religious communities live rather than the necessity of these communities to retain their religious distinctiveness or impose it on others.

THIS IS A STUDY OF THE LEVELS AND ORIGINS OF POLITICAL TOLERANCE USING A SAMPLE OF 10- TO 17-YEAR-OLD WISCONSIN PREADULTS AND THEIR PARENTS. THE RESPONDENTS WERE INTERVIEWED BY TELEPHONE THREE TIMES FROM EARLY 1980 TO LATE 1981. IN GENERAL, POLITICAL TOLERANCE WAS LOW, BOTH FOR PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN. THE PREADULTS, HOWEVER, EXHIBITED GREATER POLITICAL TOLERANCE THAN DID THEIR PARENTS. INDEED, THEY SHOWED AN AGE-RELATED DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN OPPOSITE TO THAT OF ADULTS. FOR TOLERATION OF COMMUNISTS AND OF RACISTS THERE WERE ROUGHLY THE SAME PATTERNS, BUT WITH SOME INTERESTING DIFFERENCES. THERE WERE SMALL, BUT SIGNIFICANT, PARENT AND CHILD CORRESPONDENCES. FAMILIAL INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION PATTERNS HAVE AN INFLUENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOLERANCE IN CHILDREN. MASS-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, HOWEVER, IS NOT SIGNIFICANTLY RELATED TO INSTILLING TOLERANT VALUES IN CHILDREN, ALTHOUGH IT IS IMPORTANT FOR ADULTS.

Early students of political tolerance projected a rapid rise in levels of tolerance, but subsequent research has failed to offer conclusive evidence regarding whether tolerance has, in fact, increased. The General Social Survey (GSS) included the same 15 dichotomous tolerance items in the period 1976–1998, seemingly permitting assessment of trends in tolerance through examination of a standard 0–15 scale. Unfortunately, the validity of these data is uncertain because we cannot rule out the possibility that changes in affect toward the five GSS target groups, not true changes in tolerance, drive movement in the longitudinal series. To address this problem, we reexamine the GSS data from the perspective of past discussions of the meaning of tolerance and intolerance. We argue that that the GSS scale captures two aspects of tolerance: whether respondents are tolerant or intolerant; and, among the intolerant, the breadth and depth of their intolerance. We further argue that the first of these dimensions can be measured validly using the GSS data. Our analyses reveal that, at most, tolerance has increased only marginally in the period 1976–1998.

This article covers issues such as the formation of religious tolerance in youth, religious tolerance in modern democratic societies, the creation of a legal framework for ensuring religious tolerance.

The article examines the features of the phenomenon of tolerance in the scientific field, its essential characteristics, and themain features of its philosophical interpretations. The actualization of the study of the problem of identifying tolerance in the fieldof scientific activity is caused by the rapid transformation processes at both the global and national levels associated with thetransition of developed countries to the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. It is substantiated that tolerance is one ofthe key principles of effective development of scientific sphere, and the creative activity of a particular subject of scientificactivities. Progress in various fields of education and science, and the development of democratic relations in society depend onthe manifestations of tolerance or intolerance to the opinion of the Other. Tolerant attitude to the Other contributes to theachievement of positive results in joint activities, encourages the discovery of new forms of communication, expanding contactsin the field science between scientists in the world and establishing partnerships. ; Вступ. У статті досліджуються особливості феномену толерантності в науковій сфері, його сутнісні характеристики і основні рисифілософських інтерпретацій. Мета і завдання. Метою цієї статті є аналіз феномену толерантності у науковій сфері. Методологіядослідження. Для досягнення мети та вирішення поставлених у роботі завдань були використані герменевтичний та порівняльнийпідходи. Вони дозволили проаналізувати феномен толерантності, тенденції його осмислення та тлумачення, а також побачитироль, яку він відіграє у науковій сфері. Результати дослідження. Актуалізація дослідження проблеми виявлення толерантності усфері наукової діяльності обумовлена стрімкими трансформаційними процесами як на глобальному, так і на національному рівнях.Толерантність у стосунках між ученими є необхідною умовою успішної наукової співпраці. Обґрунтовано, що толерантність є одниміз ключових принципів ефективного розвитку наукової сфери, ...

In this paper I argue that equal respect-based accounts of the normative basis of tolerance are self-defeating, insofar as they are unable to specify the limits of tolerance in a way that is consistent with their own commitment to the equal treatment of all conceptions of the good. I show how this argument is a variant of the long-standing 'conflict of freedoms' objection to Kantian-inspired, freedom-based accounts of the justification of systems of norms. I criticize Thomas Scanlon's defence of 'pure tolerance', Anna Elisabetta Galeotti's work on the relationship between tolerance, equal respect and recognition, and Arthur Ripstein's recent response to the 'conflict of freedoms' objection. The upshot of my argument is that, while valuing tolerance for its own sake may be an appealing ideal, it is not a feasible way of grounding a system of norms. I close with a thumbnail sketch of two alternative, instrumental (i.e. non-Kantian) approaches to the normative foundations of tolerance.

Work Package 5: New Knowledge on Tolerance and Cultural Diversity in Europe ; The ACCEPT PLURALISM project (2010-2013) is funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme, Socio-economic Sciences and Humanities. (Call FP7-SSH-2009-A, Grant Agreement no: 243837). Coordinator: Prof. Anna Triandafyllidou, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.

Tolerance is one of the most important elements for the formation of a multicultural society. Indonesia as a country with ethnic diversity requires a high tolerance from every citizen to realize a peaceful nation life. These tolerance values can be developed through historical learning which has the main function as a form of national character. The history lesson itself cannot be separated from the use of textbooks as a tool of supporting the learning process. This research tries to analyze the content of tolerance values in Indonesian history textbooks using discourse analysis methods, especially Norman Fairclough's representation analysis. The concept of critical discourse analysis uses three-dimensional models consisting of text, practice of discourse, and social practice. The results show that tolerance in Indonesian history textbooks is represented in various themes such as diversity, integration, unity and so on. These themes are packaged in historical stories that are adapted to the prevailing curriculum, namely the 2013 curriculum. Tolerance needs to be understood as a result and an ongoing process. The long history of the Indonesian people shows that tolerance has been embedded as the identity of the Indonesian nation itself. Historical textbooks have a strategic role in instilling the values of tolerance to students. This history textbook is structured with a more popular regressive approach so the delivery of moral values including tolerance values is more easier understood by students.

This title presents an account of tolerance that differs from the standard liberal narrative. Jed Atkins recovers tolerance's beginnings in a forgotten North African Christian tradition from the first five centuries CE and shows how this bears on questions of political judgment, authority, freedom, rights, religious plurality, and natural law.

This collection critically examines ?tolerance," ?secularism," and respect for religious ?diversity" within a social and political system dominated by Sufi brotherhoods. Through a detailed analysis of Senegal's political economy, essays trace the genealogy and dynamic exchange among these concepts while investigating public spaces and political processes and their reciprocal engagement with the state, Sunni reformist and radical groups, and non-religious organizations.Through a rich and nuanced historical ethnography of the formation of Senegalese democracy, this anthology illuminates the comp

AbstractA review of univariate tolerance intervals is presented from an application‐oriented point of view. Both β‐content and β‐expectation intervals are defined and considered. Standard problems are discussed for the distribution‐free case and with various distributional assumptions (normal, gamma, Poisson) which occur most frequently in practice. The determination of sample size is emphasized. A number of examples are used to illustrate the types of problems which permit solutions with the excellent tables now available.

The article examines the role of social interest and stress tolerance in the successful performance of future educators and analyzes the significance of these qualities in their role as professional requirements. It includes a study with pedagogy students, which is aimed at determining whether there exists a relationship between the two aforementioned important qualities of a teacher's professiogram. This research featuring pedagogy students shows that the individuals who possess the highest level of social interest also demonstrate better stress tolerance. The results of the study are supported with statistics and analyzed from the perspective of the Adlerian understanding of personality as an indivisible whole.

The paper considers the problem of interethnic tolerance in individuals. The theoretical analysis of the scientific literature shows that interethnic tolerance is an important indicator of the culture of international relations, has a deep axiological meaning, and is closely related to the value perceptions of the individual. The aggravation of interethnic issues in the youth student environment causes local conflicts, xenophobia, manifestations of nationalism, chauvinism, incitement to ethnic hatred, enmity, and intolerance between representatives of different nationalities. In this regard, the difficulty of developing interethnic tolerance when working with the younger generation is of particular importance, which makes it necessary to form a personal social position for young people and raise their level of interethnic culture. The purpose of our work is to study the individual psychological features of the manifestation of interethnic tolerance in a person. The psychodiagnostic complex consisted of the "Tolerance Index" and the "16 Personality Factor Questionnaire" by R. Cattell. The correlation analysis allowed us to confirm the existence of significant relationships between the indicators of interethnic tolerance and personality factors. The qualitative analysis and construction of profiles allowed us to provide psychological characteristics of individuals with different levels of the general indicator of interethnic tolerance.