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Abstract
The paper aims to clarify the distinction of intension and concept between translation semiotics and semiosic translation to determine their disciplinary classification as well as the theoretical framework of translation semiotics. Translation semiotics is a relatively young interdisciplinary field connecting specifically semiotics and translation studies. In essence, it is a branch of semiotics where the research object is the semiotic transformations and sign activities involved in the translational semiosic and interpretive process. Semiosic translation attaches itself conceptually to an extended notion of semiosis involving the transformation of any sign system into other sign systems and pertains to the illustration and analysis of translational phenomena from the perspective of semiotics. Translation semiotics focuses on semiotic transformations and constructs a semiotic theory and application model based on the dimension of semiotic transformation. Both translation semiotics and semiosic translation take semiotic transformations as their research object. Notwithstanding, semiosic translation puts particular emphasis on semiosis, whereas translation semiotics explores the phenomena of semiotic transformations and related problems involved in the process of translation grounded on semiotic theories and methodology (Jia 2016a: 96). As such, translation semiotics and semiosic translation are under the jurisdiction of different disciplines.

POST-TOTALITARIAN SOCIETY TOWARDS DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES AND VALUES: A PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE
More years have passed since the last totalitarian bastion in Europe, the Communist system, collapsed. Apart from the fact that in the last phase of its existence, it was no longer as strong and did not exert as much influence on social life as before, citizens still expect there to be a strong state which is responsible for all aspects of life. In contrast to totalitarianisms, the democratic system is based on individual freedom and responsibility for oneself and others. This article addresses the issue of the existence of principles and values in societies that have experienced totalitarian rule and that currently have serious problems with building social relations on the basis of democratic principles. The systemic transformation from totalitarianism to democracy appears much faster in the political or even economic dimension than in the ethical and axiological one. Therefore, the author initially presents the mechanism of totalitarianism, referring to Hannah Arendt, Zbigniew Brzeziński, Antoni Kępiński or Józef Tischner, in order to later present the causes of disturbances in the formation of positive values in the post-totalitarian society. The anthropological and ethical conception adopted plays a crucial role here.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the impact of ownership concentration on banks' credit risk. The study employs a dynamic panel approach using data from 98 banks listed in the 10 Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging stock markets between 2003 and 2016. To better understand the nature of the relationship between ownership concentration and bank credit risk and how this relationship is shaped by the recent financial crisis, we conducted a pre‐ and postcrisis analysis. Our findings document a positive relationship between ownership concentration and nonperforming loans in the precrisis period, which surprisingly reverses during the postcrisis period. We argue that the reversal of this relationship is driven by changes in controlling shareholders' risk aversion, behavior, and attitude prompted by the financial crisis. Given that central banks are entrusted with forestalling banks' failure, incorporating ownership concentration, as a fundamental determinant of banks' credit risk, is crucial to anticipate future financial calamities. Our findings highlight the gravity of agency problems in emerging MENA markets. Reinforcing firm‐level as well as country‐level governance mechanisms is crucial to restore a sound banking system, enhance markets' integrity, and increase investors' confidence.

Cuba's capacity to confront challenging scenarios has been internationally recognised and its health system and ability to respond to complex contexts under an overall principle of equality acknowledged. During the pandemic, however, several crises have challenged Havana's ambitions of equality. COVID-19 coincided with the exponential impacts of the United States blockade and the inequalities created by the processes of economic opening up during the last decade. Acknowledging that Cuban universities, as public institutions, have historically played a key role in engaging with social problems, this paper asks what the role of universities is in the context of COVID-19, what ethical considerations are inherent in this role, and how these can be navigated. Drawing on the experience of an interdisciplinary research project, KNOW-Havana, the article discusses several ethical 'hotspots' or challenges faced by the university while conducting research during the pandemic, around questions of redefining proximity, the politics of time, and the duties of care. We discuss principles to navigate these challenges such as rethinking benefits, risks, relationality, responsibility, commitment, trust, reciprocity, flexibility, and care ethics. These provide insights to rethink what knowledge co-production for equality means in Havana. We conclude by reflecting on their importance for universities in a post-pandemic future.

Palm vein recognition technology is a one of the most effective biometric technologies for personal identification. Palm acquisition techniques are either contact-based or contactless-based. The contactless-based palm vein system is considered more accurate and efficient when used in modern applications, but it may suffer from problems like pose variations and the delay in the matching process. This paper proposes a contactless-based identification system for palm vein that involves two main steps; First, the central region of the palm is cropped using fast extract region of interest algorithm, then the features are extracted and classified using altered structure of Residual Attention Network, which is a developed version of convolutional neural network that uses an attention mechanism. The altered structure is constructed by stacking multiple attention modules and pre-activation residual unit with additional down sampling layers in between. The proposed system was tested on contactless CASIA multispectral palm vein databases that contains palm images with obvious pose variations taken from 100 persons. The results show that our system has outperformed other state-of-the-art systems with 95.55% accuracy and fast identification process of 0.06 second per person.

The study, using a comparative case study design, explored the attitude of local direct beneficiaries concerning the cessation of resources for two donor-funded agriculture-related projects in Tanzania from a Social Cognitive Theory perspective. Using a 5-point Likert Scale, data from 274 respondents were collected and analysed. Before data analysis, validity and reliability tests were performed and determined to be good. Descriptive statistics including percentages and frequencies were done. Additionally, a chi-square test was done to establish the association between variables. The findings show that local beneficiaries with higher self-efficacy and wider outcome expectancies had a positive attitude as opposed to their counterparts. Also, a positive significant relationship existed between self-efficacy and attitude (P<0.01) and between outcome expectancies and attitudes (P<0.05). Equipping local beneficiaries with the competencies needed to solve problems on their own and the continued functioning of VBAAs can aid local beneficiaries in maintaining a positive attitude post-project resources withdrawal. The study recommends that a transition phase is critical for project implementers to solidify benefits and benefit-enhancing behaviours. Also promoting community-based extension services by institutionalising VBAAs within the LGAs should be given a priority for enhancing sustainability.

The legal vacuum regarding Passive Subjective Novation causes legal uncertainty and creates problems because there are no clear references in terms of understanding, implementing regulations, and standard operating procedures. The purpose of this research is to find out the right arrangement related to Passive Subjective Novation so that it can provide legal certainty and protection. This research is normative juridical research using an analytical approach and a conceptual approach as well as analysis techniques of grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation and teleological interpretation to analyze primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that there are two ways of legal protection in the passive subjective Novation case, namely preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection can be done by making a new statutory regulation or adding provisions to existing laws and regulations regarding passive subjective novation of credit agreements by using mortgage guarantees. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection can be carried out by giving sanctions to violators of the agreement that has been made related to passive subjective novation of credit agreements by using mortgage guarantees, namely in the form of compensation, fulfillment of achievements, and a combination of compensation and fulfillment of achievements.

The objective was to analyse, from the perspective of the participants, creative processes developed in isolation and social distancing by COVID-19 pandemic. The main interest was to study transformations in daily, family and work life, focusing on the creation of new practices and projects. Likewise, it was relevant to study emotions, obstacles and difficulties perceived by the participants. The study was qualitative, the participants (N = 25) were selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. All the participants lived in intermediate or small towns in Argentina. Data collection was carried out in September, 2020. Semi-structured interviews and online qualitative research were the data collection instruments. The Atlas.ti 8 program was used for the qualitative analysis of textual and audio-visual data. The results indicated significant modifications in the lives of the participants from isolation and distancing. These changes demand flexibility and adaptability as well as creative processes for generating alternatives and solving problems. In the context of the home, transformations of times, spaces and relationships were observed. Work and leisure activities also were reconfigured. Sadness appeared as the predominant emotion. However, some participants experienced enthusiasm and joy for the new projects. The purpose of this study was to build knowledge that contributes to the design of health promotion project.

Law Number 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers is a policy product that is a comprehensive correction to Law Number 39 of 2004 on the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. Law Number 18/2017 mandates stages of protection by the state, from when the Indonesian migrant workers (IMW) candidate has not yet been dispatched; when IMW works in the destination country; and after IMW completes its work contract. The law also regulates the division of tasks among government officials, from the village level; regional government; to the central government, including the network of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia abroad. The stages of protection services and the involvement of various government agencies and other parties are necessary because the problems surrounding them are also complex. The question that arises is how the policies and actions of these various agencies may interact harmoniously so that IMW protection services can take place on a sustainable basis? This study found that the integration of data and information systems can improve the performance of IMW protection services. The integration of the system also supports the formation of a sustainable IMW protection service ecosystem.

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die zunehmende Belastung von Krankenhausnotaufnahmen (KHN) durch wenig dringliche Patienten wirft Fragen nach Fehlsteuerungen bzw. Versorgungsdefiziten in anderen Bereichen auf.

Methode
Retrospektive Datenanalyse einer Zufallsstichprobe aus allen Fällen des Jahres 2019 zweier KHN in einer Metropolregion. Wir untersuchten Patienten, die ambulant versorgt, aber mit einem Krankentransportmittel (KT) wieder aus der Notaufnahme abtransportiert wurden.

Ergebnisse
1500 Patienten (767 [51,1 %] weiblich; Alter 56 ± 22,7 Jahre) aus einer Grundgesamtheit von 80.845 Patienten wurden analysiert. 888 (59,2 %) wurden ambulant versorgt. Jeweils 9 (0,5 %), 193 (12,9 %), 684 (45,6 %), 508 (33,9 %) und 48 (3,2 %) waren den Manchester-Triage-System-Kategorien Rot, Orange, Gelb, Grün bzw. Blau zugeordnet. Von 880 ambulanten Patienten wurden 731 (83,2 %) selbstständig und 149 (16,8 %) mit einem KT entlassen. Über die Hälfte der per KT entlassenen Patienten war mit urologischen Problemen, Extremitätenproblemen und nach Stürzen vorgestellt worden. Die liegend transportierten ambulant versorgten Patienten hatten ein höheres Alter (76,2 ± 16,2 vs. 45,1 ± 20,5 Jahre; p < 0,001), einen höheren Charlson Comorbidity Index (5 [3–6] vs. 0 [0–2]; p < 0,001), erhielten seltener eine CT-Diagnostik und häufiger lediglich eine einfache medizinische Maßnahme ohne diagnostischen Aufwand (24,8 % vs. 4,6 %; p < 0,001). Sie wurden zu einem größeren Anteil mehrfach vorgestellt (28,9 % vs. 8,5 %; p < 0,001). Der Anteil an Heimbewohnern war höher (59,5 % vs. 0 %; p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Etwa ein Zehntel der insgesamt in den KHN versorgten Patienten blieb ambulant und wurde mit einem KT entlassen. Mehr als die Hälfte wurde aus stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen vorgestellt. Ein Großteil erhielt einfache Leistungen und kaum Diagnostik und hatte eine niedrige Triagedringlichkeit.

AbstractObjectiveThis study contributes in‐depth knowledge about informal childcare and family processes in East Asian families in Hong Kong in a time of rapid economic and social development. We explore how families negotiate grandparent childcare and how parents and grandparents manage intergenerational tensions and conflict.BackgroundThe common way of understanding intergenerational relationships in childcare is to focus on the positive experience of taking care of grandchildren, but there is limited discussion on the tension and conflicts that also occur between the generations.MethodThis qualitative study is based on in‐depth interviews with 14 parents and 12 grandparents about childcare arrangements for 53 children within East Asian families in Hong Kong.ResultsTensions are found among the parents and grandparents in childcare provision, and considerable negotiation and ongoing emotional management of relationships is required.ConclusionGrandparent childcare is an important resource for many families, but it might not suit all. The issues of autonomy, seniority, power, respect, and different expectations of care are embedded in established family dynamics. Some intergenerational problems are unable to be settled by the family members.ImplicationsGrandparent childcare should be a care option provided for families with young children. However, it should not be a substitute for childcare services and supports outside the home. Professional family services also should be sensitive to intergenerational family dynamics.

AbstractThe literature on collective action has poorly addressed processes of incremental institutional changes within organizations. This paper helps fill this gap by shedding light on how the community-based management of an organic label has changed following its formal recognition as a 'participatory guarantee system' (PGS). Ostrom and Basurto's (2011) analytical tool is useful to describe the changes in collective rules to address collective action problems that take place in standard-setting and labeling activities. Using original data collected from the Ecovida Agroecology Network – the oldest and largest PGS in Brazil –, we study the multi-scale changes in governance rules from the 1970s until today. We pay particular attention to the links between the institutional consolidation of PGS, its recognition by public authorities, and its adaptation to legal rules. We detail analytical operators indicating whether the introduction of the PGS rules at the national level was bottom-up or top-down. Our findings emphasize how local communities have been able to both adapt their governance system in response to the official arrangements concerning organic regulations, and influence national public arenas where these arrangements are defined. This form of co-management has been accompanied by a significant increase in the number of PGS-certified farmers.

AbstractWhen facing public emergencies, human societies need to make decisions rapidly in order to mitigate the problems. However, this process can be difficult due to complexity of the emergency scenarios and lack of systematic methods for analyzing them. In the work reported here, we develop a framework based upon dynamic Bayesian networks in order to simulate emergency scenarios and support corresponding decisions. In this framework, we highlight the importance of emergency propagation, which is a critical factor often ignored by decisionmakers. We illustrate that failure of considering emergency propagation can lead to suboptimal mitigation strategies. By incorporating this critical factor, our framework enables decisionmakers to identify optimal response strategies minimizing emergency impacts. Scenarios developed from two public emergencies: the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents and the Covid‐19 pandemic, are utilized to illustrate the framework in this paper. Capabilities of the framework in supporting decision making in both events illustrate its generality and adaptability when dealing with complex real‐world situations. Our analysis results reveal many similarities between these two seemingly distinct events. This indicates that seemingly unrelated emergencies can share many common features beyond their idiosyncratic characteristics. Valuable mitigation insights can be obtained by analyzing a broad range of past emergencies systematically.

Based on the family-centered approach and a consumer perspective this research examines the overall level of satisfaction with educational and social services of the families raising children with autism or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Lviv (Ukraine) and the challenges in interactions of such families with services. The survey (90 parents who are social work clients) and individual semi-structured interviews (30 parents) were used.
The findings indicate the respondents' evaluation of the services they receive and inclusive education could not be qualified as favorable. Key challenges identified within the study are: problems of staff preparedness and lack of information about services; personal feelings of emotional burnout; unrealistic expectations from services; social stigma related to autism and social isolation of parents raising a child with ASD.
It is important for social workers to consider the need to collaboratively create the so-called social routers for families raising children with developmental disabilities during the early stages of family work. Verified information may reduce the parents' stress and consolidate their efforts, help to avoid dubious treatments that are detrimental to the child's health and are a significant financial burden to the family.

AbstractA critical barrier to generating cumulative knowledge in political science and related disciplines is the inability of researchers to observe the results from the full set of research designs that scholars have conceptualized, implemented, and analyzed. For a variety of reasons, studies that produce null findings are especially likely to be unobserved, creating biases in publicly accessible research. While several approaches have been suggested to overcome this problem, none have yet proven adequate. We call for the establishment of a new discipline-wide norm in which scholars post short "null results reports" online that summarize their research designs, findings, and interpretations. To address the inevitable incentive problems that earlier proposals for reform were unable to overcome, we argue that decentralized research communities can spur the broader disciplinary norm change that would bring advantage to scientific advance. To facilitate our contribution, we offer a template for these reports that incorporates evaluation of the possible explanations for the null findings, including statistical power, measurement strategy, implementation issues, spillover/contamination, and flaws in theoretical priors. We illustrate the template's utility with two experimental studies focused on the naturalization of immigrants in the United States and attitudes toward Syrian refugees in Jordan.