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Abstract: The article presents Poland's military contribution to the activities of three NATO, EU and OSCE organizations that form the basis of the European security system and, at the same time, the maintenance of world peace. This activity has been presented over the past few years. The use of Polish military units in operations conducted by the North Atlantic Alliance and the European Union in the European area as well as military-civil activity in missions conducted by the OSCE is presented. It also contained content related to Poland's contribution to maintaining security and ensuring peace on our continent. ; Streszczenie: W artykule przedstawiono wkład militarny Polski w działalność trzech organizacji NATO, UE i OBWE, które stanowią podstawę europejskiego systemu bezpieczeństwa a zarazem utrzymania pokoju na świecie. Aktywność ta została przedstawiona na przestrzeni ostatnich kilku lat. Przedstawiono użycie polskich jednostek wojskowych w operacjach prowadzonych przez Sojusz Północnoatlantycki i Unię Europejską na obszarze europejskim oraz aktywność wojskowo- cywilną w misjach prowadzonych przez OBWE. Zawarte zostały w nim również treści związane z wkładem Polski w utrzymanie bezpieczeństwa oraz zapewnienie pokoju na naszym kontynencie.

Mass communication's history has been exposed to numerous revolutions in the late 70's and early 80's: new TV shows, channels, technologies and disciplines examining the relationship between culture and media appeared. In those years European countries, especially Italy, imported a massive amount of Japanese cartoons and broadcasted them on private networks. Several scholars and experts have named this phenomenon anime boom. By shortly summarizing political, economical, social and technological events that occurred in Italy in the 80's, such as the establishment to produce new TV programs expressively dedicated to children and young adolescent (the so-called children's TV), the article analyses two anime's genres very popular in that decade, majokko anime (with magic little girls) and spokon anime (with sports' champions). The article aims to examine those genres, their narratives, characters, modes and imageries they contributed to create, and to demonstrate their pedagogic qualities that have influenced the sensitivity and behaviours of thousands of children. Economic reasons, indeed, pushed the purchase of Japanese cartoons in the beginning, however the educational value and the attention to characters' psychology made their success incomparable among Italian children in the 80's.

After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the limitation of assistance by public bodies in the time of such massive natural disaster struck has been recognized. Moreover, it has acknowledged that self-help by suffered families and mutual support of neighbours are crucial to mitigate further damage. Since then, the major focus of the disaster management in Japan has altered to effectiveness of non-structural measures for a forecast crisis. Thus, improving the existing hazard maps into those that show actions to be taken by residents in an easy-to-understand manner has been dictated by the national government. This study discusses the geospatial representation of an alternative hazard map from residents' perspective with the local community activities. Those mapping activities have been conducted for some years in a study area. Then, the geospatial information represented on the community hazard map has gradually changed. At the early year of the activities, the map represents the certainty of disaster risks. At the late year of those after few modifications have made, the map mainly argues the possibility of risks from residents' perspective.

The UN Vector Tile Toolkit (https://github.com/un-vector-tile-toolkit/) is a package of open source tools designed under the UN Open GIS Initiative to enable public basemap providers, such as the UN geospatial information services or mapping organizations of governments, among others, to deliver their basemap vector tiles leveraging the latest web map technologies. The toolkit provides a set of Node.js open source scripts designed for developers to use with existing and proven open-source software such as Tippecanoe, Maputnik and Vector Tile optimizer. The toolkit will help organizations to produce, host, style, and optimize fast and interoperable basemap vector tiles, making them available with various application frameworks. The talk will cover automatic and continuous updates of basemap vector tiles using a continuously updated PostGIS database which stores both the UN mission-specific basemap data and global OpenStreetMap data. The talk also focuses on how the project ensured interoperability with different existing enterprise geospatial software frameworks that use less-advanced web map libraries. The project aims to build a sustainable community of developers that support the provision of fast and interoperable basemap vector tiles.

Soon after the end of the second World War, Fiera di Milano (Milan trade exhibition) was eager to demostrate the Italian spirit of rebirth. Companies and enterprises invested in the design and building of pavilions, involving artists, architects and graphic designers like Erberto Carboni, Marcello Nizzoli, Enrico Ciuti, Franco Albini. Enrico Mattei, Agip and later Eni's president wanted to emphasize Italian energy politics based on gas, and, as this essay describes, Italian gas pipelines net was the central theme of Agip and Eni's presence at the Trade Fair. The story of Agip and Eni pavilion from 1949 to 1964 involves architects like Mario Bacciocchi, who designed the building, Carlo Mollino with Franco Campo, Carlo Graffi and Max Huber, Achille and Piergiacomo Castiglioni, BBPR, Errico Ascione. Particularly important was the presence of Leonardo Sinisgalli, the engineer-poet who directed Eni's communication section from 1958 to 1963. He left the company after Mattei's death, but he was also aware that the communication in the world of mass production and culture was radically changing and poets were being substituted by copywriters.

This study aims to determine the changes in the pattern of recruitment of Gerindra Party legislative candidates after being declared an open party in the 2019 election in DKI Jakarta and to know the function of cadre recruitment to be prepared in the Gerindra 2019 party legislative candidates in DKI Jakarta. The recruitment by the Gerindra Party is semi-open because all people who fulfill the requirements can be chosen as legislative candidates from the party. This research uses qualitative methods, with descriptive research types. Data collection through observation and interviews. 2019 elections have 20 political parties. Political parties in Indonesia are institutions that are considered important in a democratic system. Therefore, political parties are obliged to recruit candidates for legislative members who later party cadres will be placed in parliament and also through open selection both internal and external cadres. The Gerindra Party in facing the 2019 election has a policy to implement a recruitment mechanism for legislative candidates. Thus it is hoped that the best representatives of the people will be able to emerge in the 2019 elections, both at the level of the DPR RI, Provincial DPRD and City / Regency DPRD.

Inequalities have been the unwanted companion of media and communications since public communications emerged. Traditional mass media were criticized for creating inequalities by being biased, serving hegemonic interests, accumulating far too much power in the hands of mighty industrial conglomerates and creating knowledge gaps among their various audiences. Journalism contributed to gender and race discrimination in news rooms and to accepting informal news selection rules in favour of those in power, thereby dwarfing their watchdog role in democracies. Under the digital regime, which evolved around the establishment of the Internet as the core distribution platform in the late 1990s, most of these inequalities survived and new ones occurred. Knowledge gaps have transformed into digital divides, advertising revenues have migrated to social networking sites, which challenge traditional news journalism, and global corporate monopolies outperform media companies and nation state media regulation alike. In addition, algorithmic selection, surveillance, big data and the Internet of Things are creating new forms of inequality that follow the traditional patterns of class, gender, wealth and education. ; Go to the full book to find a version of this chapter tagged for accessibility.

The UN Vector Tile Toolkit (https://github.com/un-vector-tile-toolkit/) is a package of open source tools designed under the UN Open GIS Initiative to enable public basemap providers, such as the UN geospatial information services or mapping organizations of governments, among others, to deliver their basemap vector tiles leveraging the latest web map technologies. The toolkit provides a set of Node.js open source scripts designed for developers to use with existing and proven open-source software such as Tippecanoe, Maputnik and Vector Tile optimizer. The toolkit will help organizations to produce, host, style, and optimize fast and interoperable basemap vector tiles, making them available with various application frameworks. The talk will cover automatic and continuous updates of basemap vector tiles using a continuously updated PostGIS database which stores both the UN mission-specific basemap data and global OpenStreetMap data. The talk also focuses on how the project ensured interoperability with different existing enterprise geospatial software frameworks that use less-advanced web map libraries. The project aims to build a sustainable community of developers that support the provision of fast and interoperable basemap vector tiles.

After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the limitation of assistance by public bodies in the time of such massive natural disaster struck has been recognized. Moreover, it has acknowledged that self-help by suffered families and mutual support of neighbours are crucial to mitigate further damage. Since then, the major focus of the disaster management in Japan has altered to effectiveness of non-structural measures for a forecast crisis. Thus, improving the existing hazard maps into those that show actions to be taken by residents in an easy-to-understand manner has been dictated by the national government. This study discusses the geospatial representation of an alternative hazard map from residents' perspective with the local community activities. Those mapping activities have been conducted for some years in a study area. Then, the geospatial information represented on the community hazard map has gradually changed. At the early year of the activities, the map represents the certainty of disaster risks. At the late year of those after few modifications have made, the map mainly argues the possibility of risks from residents' perspective.

What is Europe? A continent fragmented through the centuries by wars, border conflicts and cultural diversity. As Europeans, we do not have a common language or a common history, but we do have common roots, needs and ambitions. These similarities led us to fulfil what at the end of the Second World War could have been called a "reasonable utopia" — the European Union. The Spanish writer Javier Cercas investigates Europe and Europeans, our past, the conflicts, the ideologies and the people who forged Europe as we know it today. Though no final answer to all the questions can be found, the conclusion seems inevitable: Europe will be unified, naturally, sooner or later, despite all the hostility. This is the eleventh essay in the Big Ideas series created by the European Investment Bank. The EIB has invited international thought leaders to write about the most important issues of the day. These essays are a reminder that we need new thinking to protect the environment, promote equality and improve people's lives around the globe.

What is Europe? A continent fragmented through the centuries by wars, border conflicts and cultural diversity. As Europeans, we do not have a common language or a common history, but we do have common roots, needs and ambitions. These similarities led us to fulfil what at the end of the Second World War could have been called a "reasonable utopia" — the European Union. The Spanish writer Javier Cercas investigates Europe and Europeans, our past, the conflicts, the ideologies and the people who forged Europe as we know it today. Though no final answer to all the questions can be found, the conclusion seems inevitable: Europe will be unified, naturally, sooner or later, despite all the hostility. This is the eleventh essay in the Big Ideas series created by the European Investment Bank. The EIB has invited international thought leaders to write about the most important issues of the day. These essays are a reminder that we need new thinking to protect the environment, promote equality and improve people's lives around the globe.

International audience ; This article deals with the problem of the cultural, political and ethnic characteristics of the first settlers of Novgorod. The previous historiography is critically reviewed. The reappraisal of the archaeological reports and collections of 1950s-2000s years significantly increases the number and categories of Scandinavian objects, while the Slavonic component of early Novgorod remains unclear. The Scandinavians should be counted among the founders and first settlers of Novgorod as early as 930-950 A.D. The pattern of the distribution of Scandinavian and Scandinavian-like objects suggests a free resettlement of Norsemen in the town. They arrived there directly form the North, and not from the Middle Dnieper area inhabited by the Rus'-Rhôs, an ethno-social group which was a result of the acculturation of the Scandinavians in the East-European milieu. The tradition of Russian historiography to deny the participation of Scandinavians in the early development of Novgorod takes its origin from the "auto-censorship" of the Soviet period, it later continued thanks to "scientific inertial resistance", and finds today a new inspiration in the "neo-conservatism" of Russian society.

Today, daylight saving time is observed in nearly 80 countries around the world, including the European Union, the USA, Canada, and Russia. The benefits of daylight saving time in energy management have been questioned since it was first introduced during World War I and the latest research has led to varying results. Meanwhile, adverse effects of seasonal time shifts on human biology have been postulated and the European Union is planning to abandon the biannual clock change completely. Medical studies have revealed a correlation of seasonal time shifts with increased incidences of several diseases including stroke, myocardial infarction, and unipolar depressive episodes. Moreover, studies in mice have provided convincing evidence, that circadian rhythm disruption may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, mainly by disturbing the intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we present previously unpublished data from a large German cohort indicating a correlation of seasonal clock changes and medical leaves due to ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, we discuss the health risks of clock changes and the current attempts on reforming daylight saving time from a medical perspective.

Brazil is one of the largest food producers and exporters in the world. In the late 20th century, the European Union program for the harmonization of regulations for contaminants in food, including mycotoxins, led to the examination of mycotoxin contamination in foods at a global level. The problem of the rejection of food by the European Union and other countries became a Brazilian national priority because of economic and food safety aspects. Ochratoxin A in coffee and cocoa and aflatoxins in Brazil nuts are examples of the impact of technical trade barriers on Brazilian foods. To overcome these threats, several strategies were undertaken by Brazilian and international organizations. In this context, the Codex Commission on Food Contaminants (CCCF) has emerged as a forum to discuss with more transparency issues related to mycotoxins, focusing on establishing maximum levels and codes of practices for some commodities and mycotoxins to ensure fair trade and food safety. Our experience in investigating and understanding mycotoxin contamination across the food chains in Brazil has contributed nationally and internationally to providing some answers to these issues.

David Axelrod, MD, New York State's commissioner of health from 1979 to 1991, had a panoramic view of public health and a legendary track record of tackling complex issues ranging from the Love Canal environmental disaster to HIV/AIDS and end-of-life ethics. Many raved about Axelrod's leadership, whereas others criticized his response and style. Two decades later, we describe his leadership attributes. Our retrospective review incorporates interviews with former staff and coworkers and information from historical archives. Axelrod's leadership style mirrored that of business leaders, goal driven and focused on execution, as opposed to the typical style of public health leaders, more sympathetic to needs of the team. He framed his mission within the context of social justice and data-driven science. His story, one in which leadership inspired passion and loyalty to science, is driven by a laser-sharp focus on the public good. In today's resource-deprived, politically charged environment, Axelrod's methods for achieving positive community health outcomes warrant close scrutiny. (Am J Public Health. 2019;109:85–91. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304710)