Suchergebnisse

FRANÇAIS: La question de l'humanisme juridique a souvent été traitée sous la forme des avancées méthodologiques apportées successivement par les découvertes philologiques. Les juristes convertis aux bienfaits de l'approche savante des textes auraient ainsi modifié à la fois leur technique exégétique et leur façon d'enseigner (le mos docendi). En partant des différentes questions soulevées par le retour ad fontes, l'article cherche à préciser la portée politique de l'implantation de la jurisprudentia cultior qui fut bien plus qu'une conquête philologique. Il s'agissait d'ajuster le droit aux nouveaux défis de la culture politique, notamment à la lente émergence de la souveraineté qui trouvera son accomplissement chez Bodin. / ENGLISH: The question of legal humanism was often presented in the shape of the methodological progress brought successively by philological discoveries. The jurists converted to the blessings of the "learned approach" of texts would have modified at the same time their exegetical analysis and the way they taught (mos docendi). Considering several questions raised by the return ad fontes, the article tries to clarify the political scope of the setting-up of the jurisprudentia cultior which was much more than a philological conquest. It was a matter of fitting the law for the new challenges of the political culture, in particular for the slow emergence of the sovereignty which will find its fulfillment with Bodin.

International audience ; Depuis le début des années 1990, la filière cotonnière tchadienne s'est installée dans une crise financière qui bouleverse le fonctionnement des systèmes de production en zone soudanienne. Le déroulement des campagnes de mise en place des intrants et de commercialisation semble ne plus être maîtrisé par la société cotonnière. Les délais de paiement du coton-graine se sont considérablement allongés. Ces perturbations ont contribué à une diminution sensible du revenu des producteurs et joué négativement sur le maintien de l'autosuffisance alimentaire des exploitations. Le maintien de la crise dans la durée a fini par susciter une défiance des producteurs de coton vis-à-vis de la Cotontchad et une diminution de l'attrait accordé jusque-là à cette culture. Les petits producteurs ont substitué d'autres cultures au coton, alors que ceux qui peuvent encore le cultiver dans des conditions de rentabilité relativement satisfaisantes ont considérablement réduit la place qu'ils lui accordaient dans leur assolement. Basée sur les résultats de 4 études menées entre 2004 et 2008 dans la zone soudanienne du Tchad, la présente communication a pour objectif de présenter la nature des risques encourus par les producteurs de coton, et les stratégies qu'ils ont développées pour faire face à la conjoncture. Les nouvelles stratégies des exploitations demeurent cependant fragiles à cause de la fluctuation du prix des produits agricoles et de l'absence de filières organisées.

The field of Curriculum Studies has thoroughly outlined the detrimental effects of corporate ideology on education in terms of curricular mandates, the corporatization of higher education, rampant privatization, and globalization. Educational mandates have created an atmosphere of control in which students are methodically deprived of exploration and creativity through strict adherence to a prescribed curriculum. This results in the de-skilling of teachers and the loss of Self as students are forced to memorize facts based on educational mandates, with teachers having to constantly redirect outlets for creativity in order to teach to the test. As a result of this study, it is evident that educational mandates are the first step in preparing children to become the unknowing participants in a consumer culture. In addition to curriculum mandates, children are also controlled by a system that advocates the use of psychiatric diagnoses and subsequent medication as a means to suppress disruptive forms of behavior that are deemed to be abnormal, such as a child's propensity to play and normal forms of adolescent rebellion. I propose that a culture of defiance is rising out of the attempts to suppress normal behavior as children and adolescents rebel against the system. I also propose that the Self is methodically detached from its creative core and that Object-Relations Theory plays an integral role in understanding the behavior of postmodern consumers.

CONTENTS: Introduction / Carin Norberg -- China and Africa: Genuine Partnership or a Marriage of Convenience? / Fantu Cheru – TRADE -- New Focus on China-Africa Relations / He Wenping -- African Marriage Practices and the Global Financial Crisis / Knut Christian Myhre – CONFLICT -- A Journey of a Thousand Miles: Researching Conflict in the Niger Delta / Cyril Obi -- Diary of Dreams Deferred -- A Zimbabwean in Limbo / Amanda Hammar -- POLICY -- Africa and the Global Recession / Göran Holmqvist -- South Africa 2008: Quo Vadis, Whereto? / Anders Möllander -- Bridging the Gap between Policy and Research / Mathias Krüger -- Past Memories Informing Future Policies / Proscovia Svärd -- URBAN -- Walls of Shame: Evictions, Global Pressures and Local Agendas / Amin Kamete & Ilda Lindell -- The Index Finger of Justice: Democratization in Sierra Leone / Mats Utas – RURAL -- Forests Returned to Village Management in Northern Tanzania -- Natural Resources under New Rulers / Kjell Havnevik -- Adam Azzain Mohamed - Claude Ake Professor 2008 -- Research in the Midst of Controversy: "You Coming Here is Like a Spear to Me" / Lisbeth Larsson Lidén – GENDER -- Talking About Aids - the Problem of Openness / Elina Oinas -- CULTURE -- What's Culture Got to Do with It? / Mai Palmberg -- Three Months Up North… / Tolu Ogunlesi -- COMMUNICATIONS AND LIBRARY -- Easy Come, Easy Go / Åsa Lund Moberg -- From Out of Print to In Print Forever / Birgitta Hellmark Lindgren -- Published by the institute -- STAFF AND ACTIVITIES

International audience ; Depuis le début des années 1990, la filière cotonnière tchadienne s'est installée dans une crise financière qui bouleverse le fonctionnement des systèmes de production en zone soudanienne. Le déroulement des campagnes de mise en place des intrants et de commercialisation semble ne plus être maîtrisé par la société cotonnière. Les délais de paiement du coton-graine se sont considérablement allongés. Ces perturbations ont contribué à une diminution sensible du revenu des producteurs et joué négativement sur le maintien de l'autosuffisance alimentaire des exploitations. Le maintien de la crise dans la durée a fini par susciter une défiance des producteurs de coton vis-à-vis de la Cotontchad et une diminution de l'attrait accordé jusque-là à cette culture. Les petits producteurs ont substitué d'autres cultures au coton, alors que ceux qui peuvent encore le cultiver dans des conditions de rentabilité relativement satisfaisantes ont considérablement réduit la place qu'ils lui accordaient dans leur assolement. Basée sur les résultats de 4 études menées entre 2004 et 2008 dans la zone soudanienne du Tchad, la présente communication a pour objectif de présenter la nature des risques encourus par les producteurs de coton, et les stratégies qu'ils ont développées pour faire face à la conjoncture. Les nouvelles stratégies des exploitations demeurent cependant fragiles à cause de la fluctuation du prix des produits agricoles et de l'absence de filières organisées.

This study aims to explore first-level agenda setting at the state level. In particular, it examines the relationships among media coverage of local newspapers, state-level public opinion, and state legislative policies. In addition, it tests two state-level intervening factors: state legislative professionalism and state political culture. This study includes a geographic scope of eighteen U.S. states and a time period of twenty-two years from 1984 to 2006. The media agenda is represented by the news coverage of a state's most popular newspaper. The public agenda employs a survey question asking, "What is the most important issue facing the state?" The policy agenda is defined by the number of bills that are introduced in the state house. This study finds a moderate and positive relationship between the newspaper agenda and the public agenda in five U.S. states from 1984 to 1997, a strong positive relationship between the newspaper agenda and the policy agenda in fifteen U.S. states from 1989 to 2006, and a weak positive relationship between the public agenda and the policy agenda in South Carolina in 1989 and 1990. State political culture moderates the degree of agenda-setting effects between the newspaper coverage and the legislative policies.

In the corporate setting, government investigators increasingly ask corporations to waive the attorney-client privilege as part of the "cooperation" necessary to receive incentives. In practice, however, these cooperation incentives have led to what has become known as a "culture of waiver," where waiver of the privilege in the face of investigation has become virtually essential. One way courts have sought to diminish the negative externalities of waiver is through the doctrine of selective waiver. Selective waiver allows the corporation to waive the attorney-client privilege, but only to the government agency during the course of the investigation, while still retaining the right to assert the privilege against third parties. Thus far, the debate over selective waiver has focused on whether selective waiver should be judicially recognized and how to solve the unsettled nature of the law in the courts. Both the culture of waiver and the uncertainty regarding the selective waiver doctrine's validity have created tension between a corporate executive's personal interests and fiduciary duties. As currently implemented, the selective waiver doctrine may promote a perverse incentive for corporate managers to waive the corporation's attorney-client privilege in order to be deemed "cooperative" individually and thereby decrease their own personal criminal liability while potentially subjecting the company to extensive third-party liability.

Тувинцы единственные представители тюркских народов, принявшие буддизм в форме школы Гелуг. Это связано с воздействием на их культуру как монгольской культуры в целом, так и особенностей монгольской политической культуры. Тувинцы становились подданными многочисленных монгольских государств, сохраняя при этом свою идентичность, в частности, двоеверие, приверженность буддизму и шаманизму. Несмотря на то, что собственная государственность была получена лишь в составе СССР (1943), повсюду, где формировались даже начатки государственности (в виде своеобразной автономии в империи Цин, позднее под протекторатом России), административные структуры всегда оказывались увязанными с распространением буддизма, который являлся мощным скрепляющим фактором. ; Tuva people are the only representatives of Turkic peoples, who adopted Buddhism in the form of Geluk. This is connected with the influence of both the Mongol culture as a whole and peculiarities of the Mongol political culture. Tuva people became subjects of numerous Mongol states, meanwhile preserving their identity, in particular, belief in two different religions, adherence to Buddhism and Shamanism. Despite the fact that their own statehood was obtained within the structure of the USSR only (1943), everywhere where rudiments of statehood were formed (as in the form of a certain autonomy in the empire Tzin), later under the protectorate of Russia), administrative structures turned to be always tied up with dissemination of Buddhism, which appeared to be a powerful fastening factor.

In The Return of Christian Humanism: Chesterton, Eliot, Tolkien, and the Romance of History, Lee Oser, a professor of literature at Holy Cross College, follows Chesterton's lead in taking on the heretics, decadents, and aesthetes within the postmodernist critical establishment, extolling Chesterton, Eliot, and Tolkien as defenders of reason and romance and vilifying influential late twentieth-century critics such as Harold Bloom and Helen Vendler, whose alleged attacks on the liberal humanist tradition Oser sees as having eroded not only literary scholarship but indeed the very underpinnings of democratic society. In his preface Oser asserts, "Without scruple or debate, our schools condone the blindest intellectual prejudice of the twentieth century, and maybe the key to its horrors, the idea that religion is the enemy of art and culture" (ix). But Chesterton, Eliot, and Tolkien, having written during a period when "the institutional arrangements of our own time were visible," Oser observes, "give us the chance for renewal and renaissance . They were embattled but not wholly isolated figures, major writers in English who understood their art as an effort to keep the sacred wellsprings of culture open" (x). Oser-like Chesterton: a novelist, apologist, and critic combined-clearly understands his own art similarly, and this book as his own effort to keep these wellsprings open.

La présente contribution analysera un exemple de la récente production historiographique locale non professionnelle en Inde. Je partirai de la région himalayenne de Kullu, située dans l'Etat de l'Himachal Pradesh, en Inde du Nord. Dans le milieu intellectuel de cette région, nombre de discussions portent sur la façon de considérer l'histoire et la culture locale. Ces discussions concernent le passé et la spécificité de Kullu, mais ne lui sont pas propres et participent d'une histoire des idées que l'on retrouve, avec quelques années de décalage d'une région à l'autre, dans l'ensemble de l'Inde. Je limiterai ici mon analyse à la période d'après l'indépendance et à deux types de regards que les élites indiennes ont portés sur le passé et la localité. D'une part un regard "folklorisant", qui sélectionne des éléments de la culture locale pour les élever au rang d'"art populaire" et d'"héritage", qu'il faut documenter et préserver. D'autre part une approche "saffranisante" (en référence au nationalisme hindou) développée par une organisation, l'Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana (Comité pour Recueillir l'Histoire de l'Ensemble de l'Inde -ci-après ABISY). Celle-ci est l'un des mouvements de la droite hindoue et vise à (ré)écrire l'histoire nationale et régionale à partir d'une certaine préconception de l'histoire panindienne, à laquelle les diverses histoires régionales sont rapportées.

La présente contribution analysera un exemple de la récente production historiographique locale non professionnelle en Inde. Je partirai de la région himalayenne de Kullu, située dans l'Etat de l'Himachal Pradesh, en Inde du Nord. Dans le milieu intellectuel de cette région, nombre de discussions portent sur la façon de considérer l'histoire et la culture locale. Ces discussions concernent le passé et la spécificité de Kullu, mais ne lui sont pas propres et participent d'une histoire des idées que l'on retrouve, avec quelques années de décalage d'une région à l'autre, dans l'ensemble de l'Inde. Je limiterai ici mon analyse à la période d'après l'indépendance et à deux types de regards que les élites indiennes ont portés sur le passé et la localité. D'une part un regard "folklorisant", qui sélectionne des éléments de la culture locale pour les élever au rang d'"art populaire" et d'"héritage", qu'il faut documenter et préserver. D'autre part une approche "saffranisante" (en référence au nationalisme hindou) développée par une organisation, l'Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana (Comité pour Recueillir l'Histoire de l'Ensemble de l'Inde -ci-après ABISY). Celle-ci est l'un des mouvements de la droite hindoue et vise à (ré)écrire l'histoire nationale et régionale à partir d'une certaine préconception de l'histoire panindienne, à laquelle les diverses histoires régionales sont rapportées.

Non-completion of senior secondary schooling continues to be a matter of concern for policy makers and practitioners in Australia today. Despite the efforts of governments to improve participation and retention rates, 30% of students drop out of school before completing Year 12. Further, some students remain at school, just biding their time until graduation. Within this context, we investigate whether the wellbeing of the students is a key factor in supporting senior students in deciding to continue at school. The article reports on the first phase of a two-year study of factors impacting on quality retention and participation of 250 Year 11 students from two school communities. This initial phase focuses on the senior students' perspective of their wellbeing in Year 11, and includes our development of a suite of scales to measure the impact of students' social connectedness and academic engagement on academic achievement and retention. Data from the survey of students are enriched through student focus groups. The article identifies critical dimensions of what students regard as a healthy senior school culture; that is, a culture conducive to a positive and productive experience in terms of their retention, participation and achievement. Implications for school and system policy and governance are proposed.

This paper examines the complex relations between the global concepts of modernity and democracy, and the local perception of culture and religion in the context of the Muslim world. The paper attempts to answer the following questions: Is the Muslim tradition/culture "exceptionally" immune to the process of democratization? If not, what does it mean to be a modern progressive Muslim today? Is the Western version of modernity a universal concept, or should Muslims seek a particular path to modernity? To what extent a Muslim democracy is a universal concept and to what degree is a particular model? The paper suggests that neither a hegemonic universalism nor an essentialist particularism can explain the complex relations between Islam and modernity. "Universalism from below" can better lead Muslims to democracy, given its equal distance from an Islamist cultural essentialism and a holistic hegemonic universalism. The paper applies the concept of "universalism from below" to the public role of religion in the Muslim world. The findings suggest that neither political/state-sponsored Islam represented by culturalists nor private/isolated Islam advocated by monist-universalists contribute to democratization in the Muslim World. The paper examines the extent to which an alternative concept of public civil Islam would contribute to resolve the tension between the universal and particular paradigms in the Muslim world.

В статье дан анализ развития культуры России в конце XIX начале XX века во взаимосвязи с социально-экономическими и общественно-политическими условиями, характерными для того времени. Раскрываются роль и место столицы и провинции в общероссийском общественно-культурном процессе, их взаимоотношение и взаимодействие, особенно усилившиеся на рубеже XIX-XX веков. В эпоху Серебряного века провинциальные города, испытывая на себе значительное влияние культуры столиц, преобразовывали их в национальные духовные явления, которые в свою очередь обогащали и столичную, и общероссийскую культуру. Автор приходит к выводу, что Серебряный век это не только культурный взлет и расцвет русской духовности, но и общий творческий процесс и общее культурное движение, в которое была вовлечена вся Россия с ее обширными территориями. И провинция в этом процессе становилась органичной частью отечественной истории и культуры, внося существенный вклад в ее развитие. ; The article analyzes the development of Russian culture at the turn of the 20th century and its dependence on social, economic and political conditions of the time. The article focuses on the role of the capital and the provinces of Russia in the social and cultural development of the country. The author believes that Russian silver age witnessed the cooperation of the capital and the provinces of the country in forming Russian history in culture.

Serbian-German relations were viewed within a specific social and cultural-historical development of both nations, and were also interpreted from the standpoint of cognitive and semiotic theory of culture. The first part of the paper deals with the dominant trends and spiritual tendencies in German culture, from the transformation of the humanist interest in 'exotics' into Herderian romantic understanding of nation and into Grimm's equalization of the poetic and the folk quality, thanks to which in the first half of the nineteenth century, as well as during the Serbian liberation wars against the Turks, the Serbian way of life gained the position of an ideal cultural model. Therefore, special attention is dedicated to Vuk's relations with the most important German minds of the so-called golden age. The paper particularly underlines the contribution of Talfj, who adjusted her translations of Serbian poetry to German sensibility, as well as to the entire contemporary European taste. The second part of the paper follows the changes in the Serbian-German relations from the second half of the nineteenth century till our days, conditioned by unhappy historical-political occurrences. Illustrated both from the German and Serbian standpoint with works, experiences, thoughts and feelings of statesmen and warriors scientists and writers, as well as ordinary people - these relations are presented as ambivalent, but never broken.