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Although international shipping accounts for approximately 3% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, its share of global emissions is projected to continue to rise in the coming decades. Joseph Earsom's UACES microgrant report details their experience as an academic attendee of MEPC 80.
The post UACES Microgrant Report: Getting to the 2023 IMO Revised GHG Strategy appeared first on Ideas on Europe.

COLUMBUS' ARRIVAL IN AMERICA BEGAN A HISTORICAL RECONFIGURATION OF WORLD MAGNITUDE. THE FUSION OF NATIVE AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN HISTORIES INTO ONE HISTORY MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF ISOLATED STAGINGS OF HUMAN DRAMA. CONTINENTAL AND SUBCONTINENTAL PARAMETERS OF HUMAN ACTION, STRUGGLE, ACCOMPLISHMENT, AND FAILURE WOULD EXPAND INTO A WORLD STAGE OF POWER AND WITNESS. AFTER 1492, EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION BEGAN ITS RISE TO A UNIQUE INTERCONTINENTAL AND EVEN GLOBAL ASCENDANCE AND EMBARKED UPON A TRANSITION TO CAPITALISM WHOSE ECONOMIC LINKAGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS CROSSED SEVERAL OCEANS AND CONTINENTS. FINALLY, WITHIN EUROPE ITSELF, THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURAL PREMISES OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION SHIFTED SHARPLY. AFTER 1492, THE CENTER OF GRAVITY SHIFTED TOWARDS A NORTH ATLANTIC AXIS AS THE CENTERS OF WESTERN ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND CULTURAL MIGHT MOVED TOWARDS WESTERN AND NORTHERN EUROPE AND, EVENTUALLY, ACROSS THE NORTH ATLANTIC TO THE UNITED STATES.

Free movement is intended to bring Europeans together. This article suggests it may have the opposite effect: it may drive them apart. The mechanism involved is sorting. This happens when people are free to choose where to live, and choose a community which matches their preferences. This match can come about in different ways, but the result of them all is that people of particular preferences are clustered together, leading to society being structured as a series of adjacent mono-cultures. It is not a large step to suggest that this arrangement is likely to cause alienation between the communities. The fact of sorting means that they have less in common than they did before. For Europe, if sorting happens, this would imply that polarization between states would increase and the governability of the EU would be threatened. Free movement may be less a mechanism of integration than one of disintegration.

Machine generated contents note: 1. Africa and slavery; 2. On the frontiers of Islam, 1400-1600; 3. The export trade in slaves, 1600-1800; 4. The enslavement of Africans, 1600-1800; 5. The organization of slave marketing, 1600-1800; 6. Relationships of dependency, 1600-1800; 7. The nineteenth-century slave trade; 8. Slavery and 'legitimate trade' on the west African coast; 9. Slavery in the savanna during the era of the Jihads; 10. Slavery in central, southern, and eastern Africa in the nineteenth century; 11. The abolitionist impulse; 12. Slavery in the political economy of Africa

by Taro Nishikawa This article is based on research presented at the UACES Graduate Forum Research Conference 2021 (17-18 June, online)   After the European Community (EC) launched the Common Commercial Policy (CCP) in 1970, the question of who influences EC/EU positions in international trade negotiations became an important scholarly research topic. On the one hand, greater control […]
The post Vertical Interplay between the European Commission and Member States in EU Trade Policy appeared first on Crossroads Europe.