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Der Beitrag beruht auf einer Expertise, die im Rahmen der "Plattform zur Förderung des Nachwuchses in Technik und Naturwissenschaft" von acatech, der Deutschen Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, verfasst worden ist. Im Einzelnen werden unter Berücksichtigung von empirischem und statistischem Datenmaterial von 2002 und 2006 folgende Fragen beantwortet: (1) Wodurch lässt sich das Doing Gender in Schule, Studium und Beruf erklären? Über welche Maßnahmen kann es verringert werden, so dass mehr junge Frauen als Nachwuchs in den Technikwissenschaften gewonnen werden können? (2) Was bewegt Studienanfängerinnen dazu, ein technisches Studium zu wählen - und was hält sie davon ab? (3) Was wissen wir über das Studienverhalten von Studentinnen in naturwissenschaftlichen und Ingenieurberufen (z. B. zu Studienalltag, Abbruchquoten, Abbruchgründen, Erfolgsquoten), und welche Fördermaßnahmen sind aufgrund der Erkenntnisse sinnvoll? (4) Wodurch sind Frauen - gegenüber Männern - beim Berufseinstieg und in beruflichen Karrieren in den Technikwissenschaften benachteiligt? Was könnte getan werden, um Frauen hier zu fördern und ihre beruflichen Bedingungen zu verbessern? Die in der Expertise dargestellten Befunde verdeutlichen dreierlei: (1) In den Natur- und Technikwissenschaften 'verliert' man Frauen sehr früh im Lebensverlauf. (2) Wie beim Durchlauf eines Trichters (leaking pipeline) verringert sich mit jeder Bildungs- und Karrierestufe die Anzahl von Frauen in diesen Fächern und Berufen. (3) Die Erhöhung des Interesses für Technikwissenschaften von Mädchen und Frauen ist nicht nur ein Problem für das Bildungssystem, sondern ganz wesentlich auch des Arbeitsmarktes. Die Befunde der Expertise zeigen, dass es unbedingt notwendig ist, jungen Frauen, die in technischen Berufen gut ausgebildet sind, eine höhere Chance als bisher zu geben, (a) ihren Beruf aus dem Bereich Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften, Technik (MINT) auszuüben und (b) dies auch mit den gleichen Gratifikationen wie Männer. (ICG2)

PurposeHistory-based trade books have an important and expanding role in various curricula. Contemporary education initiatives urge English and language arts educators to spend half their time on non-fiction and history and social studies teachers to include diverse sources starting in the early grades. Diverse professional organizations annually make financial commitments to promote new trade books. Research indicates misrepresentations abound in history-based trade books, yet few empirical studies have been completed. The purpose of this paper is to research examine the historical representation of Abraham Lincoln, arguably the most consequential nineteenth-century American.Design/methodology/approachData samples included trade books intended for early grades and middle grades students. These grade ranges were selected because these students have the least prior knowledge and are perhaps most dependent on the text. Qualitative content analysis research methods were employed.FindingsMisrepresentations emerged regarding Lincoln's poverty, actions, motivations for actions, and implications of his actions as seemingly necessary historical content was minimized, vaguely included, or omitted. Findings are juxtaposed across and between selected grade ranges.Practical implicationsDiscussion focused on the significance of findings for teachers and researchers. Teachers are guided to supplement trade books with primary sources to position students to distinguish historical misrepresentations.Originality/valueThis research builds on previous scholarship on Lincoln-based trade books by expanding grade range, data samples and research questions.

Bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB) is the most economically important animal health policy issue in Britain. The problem of what to do about badgers has plagued successive governments since a dead badger was discovered with bovine TB in 1971. Successive Labour governments (1997–2010) oversaw the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT) from 1998 to 2006. Despite the RBCT recommendation against culling, the 2010–2015 Coalition government implemented pilot badger culls. This paper provides an account of the evolution of bovine TB and badger control policy, focusing on the 1997–2010 Labour, the 2010–2015 Coalition and the 2015-present Conservative governments. Interviews with bovine TB policy stakeholders supplement discussion of the development of bovine TB policy. The paper discusses the science and politics of bovine TB policy, in which there are different badger control policies in Westminster, Welsh and Scottish governments. Badger control is a highly polarised issue, and the Coalition and Conservative governments have been heavily criticised for a culling policy opposed by the independent scientific community. Recent governments have defended badger culling on the basis of veterinary advice and experience in countries such as New Zealand. The paper concludes with two key recommendations to inform controversial animal health and welfare policy issues such as bovine TB. First, mandatory Animal Welfare Impact Assessment provides objective data on the impacts of policy options on cows and badgers. Second, robust ethical analysis, conducted by independent experts using established moral frameworks, should be applied to animal health and welfare issues for the benefit of decision makers.

In this paper, I consider opportunities and limitations of modelling the political dynamics with the time-series instruments. Using the examples of the president Putin's approval rating and readiness to join the collective actions with economic demands I demonstrate the analytical potential of autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA), autoregressive distributed lag model (ADL), and error correction model (ECM). Modelling the political dynamics faces a string of analytical dilemmas. This paper aims at identifying the basic choices in application of the statistical instruments to dynamic processes and helping the other researchers to navigate through them. While it is hard to account in a single paper for all the developments in the discipline, which has been substantially advanced substantially and technically i the last three decades, this text also aims at stimulating the discussion on the opportunities and limitations when applied to Russian politics.

The Political Science Program at the National Science Foundation provides support for basic empirical and theoretical research on political institutions and processes. The goal of the program is to facilitate the development of scientific theory and knowledge on political behavior, the operation of political systems, and the actions of governments. The program seeks to meet this goal by supporting research on a very wide range of substantive topics falling under the rubric of politics. As part of its long-range planning, the program attempts to identify areas of intellectual growth for program emphases. In making funding decisions, however, the determining factor is the scientific merit of the proposed work rather than topical or methodological closeness to the major emphases in program plans.Support for basic political science research has been growing at a faster rate than overall NSF support for the social sciences. From fiscal 1977 to 1979 the Political Science Program allocation grew 35 percent compared to a 17 percent increase in the overall funding for the Division of Social and Economic Science.

The Learning style of every individual is unique. We require some adaptive and personalization techniques to extract required learning content from enormous content available. An adaptive learning system is developed by considering learner's knowledge. It takes the individual's performance into consideration and modifies constantly by responding with student specific learning content. Based on the results obtained and on his/her choice of content displayed. Learner's performance is observed and modelled, adaption is done accordingly through continuous appraisals conducted after each module and tweaked during interactions. Educational institutions have adopted the use of information and communication technology (ICT) at various levels ranges from communication, examination and even human resource management. This paper explores the use of e-learning in enhancing teaching and learning in educational institutes. Finally, the paper recommends that e-learning platforms should be used at various levels of educational institutions, government and education regulatory bodies should enforce the adoption of e-learning in addition to conventional teaching modes, and teachers should be encouraged to share learning materials and tasks to students using electronic means.

Education is the bedrock of any nation, and Nigeria is no exception. It is a critical pillar of sustainable human development without which we stagnate, flounder, and become inert. Education can also be referred to as the bedrock of social, economic and political development. It is important for creating enabling conditions for sustaining change. A well educated populace (which begins with a child) is necessary to bring about technological innovations and to adapt and modify it in the context of local conditions and realities. Only education can equip children with the confidence to make the most of their abilities. Quality education and basic literacy will open doors to information technology and the "new economyâ€. According to Jegede (2006), effective national development depends on education whose bedrock is the acquisition of knowledge. A learning society is a knowledgeable and wise society. What a person imbibes from childhood forms the basis of his attitude in life hence in Yoruba culture, a child is taught the norms and values of the society right from childhood through diverse means, one of which is children poems. These poems are didactic and they cover a wide range of themes. The language is very simple and they are easy to remember. They mould children's attitude as they journey through life. This paper discussed educating children through poems. The poems of Olatubosun and Odunjo were used as case study.

Researchers, policy makers, and practitioners increasingly pay attention to sport and physical activity as a means and context for refugee wellbeing and integration, influenced by wider political and policy concerns about forced migration. Considering this growing scholarly and policy attention, it is timely to take stock of, and critically reflect on, recent developments in this field of research. This paper offers an integrative, critical review of the scientific literature on the topic. It critically synthesizes what is known about the sport and physical activity experiences of people with refugee and forced migrant backgrounds, and identifies key issues and directions for future research in this field. This review of contemporary academic literature comprises 83 publications derived from fourteen languages published between 1996 and 2019. It shows a substantial increase in the volume of published research on the topic in recent years (2017–2019). Published research is concentrated primarily in Western countries around the themes of health promotion, integration and social inclusion, and barriers and facilitators to participation in sport and physical activity. The findings foreground the use of policy categories, deficit approaches, and intersectionalities as three pressing challenges in this area of research. Based on this synthesis, the authors identify four research gaps that require attention in future research: the experiential (embodied emotional) dimensions of sport and physical activity, the need to decolonize research, the space for innovative methodologies, and research ethics.