Suchergebnisse

Im letzten Jahrzehnt sind viele europäische Länder von einer beträchtlichen Zuwanderung betroffen gewesen, begleitet von negativen Einstellungen der Majorität gegenüber den Immigranten. Wir schlagen vor, dass Werte eine wichtige Determinante solcher negativen Einstellungen sind, und erklären die Variation in der Stärke der Effekte von Werten in den einzelnen Ländern. Auf der Grundlage der Theorie grundlegender menschlicher Werte von Schwartz (1992, 1994) nehmen wir an, dass Universalismus Werte zu positiver Einstellung gegenüber der Zuwanderung führen werden; im Gegensatz dazu führen Konformität und Tradition zu immigrationsfeindlichen Gefühlen. Wir nehmen ferner an, dass diese Wirkungen von Werten durch zwei Kontext-Variablen moderiert werden. Beide Effekte von Werten sind niedriger in Ländern mit einem höheren Grad von kultureller Einbettung, und weiter, negative Effekte der Werte-Konformität und Tradition werden vermutlich durch einen niedrigen Anteil von Immigranten in einem Land gedämpft. Eine Mehrebenen-Analyse mit Daten von 24 Ländern der vierten Welle des European Social Survey (2008 bis 2009) stützen diese Hypothesen. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass die Messeigenschaften der theoretischen Konstrukte über die Länder hinweg äquivalent sind und deshalb die statistischen Vergleiche rechtfertigen.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on two objectives. First, to investigate how two consumer innovativeness measures (domain‐specific innovativeness (DSI) and general innovativeness (GI)) in a highly globalized product market (i.e. laptop computer) are related to two widely used demographics, country and gender. Second, to examine how innovativeness affects a series of consumer decisions such as information search, opinion dependency, and store choice.Design/methodology/approachThe authors build a conceptual model linking two important demographics (i.e. country and gender) and consumer innovativeness (both DSI and GI), and test it using binomial logistic regression, with a sample of 614 respondents from Korea, China, and the USA.FindingsResults are generally consistent with the authors' hypotheses. The two consumer innovativeness measures are significantly influenced by the two demographic factors, and product‐specific innovativeness shows more plausible results than GI. Furthermore, consumers' decision processes were found to have idiosyncratic patterns regarding consumer innovativeness and the two demographic moderators.Research limitations/implicationsThe study may have demographical bias for two reasons: use of only limited metropolitan samples and a somewhat unbalanced sample in gender and occupation.Practical implicationsIn the early stage of new product launch, DSI will be dominantly useful in market segmentation and targeting rather than GI. However, management should not overlook variability of countries and genders since consumers show idiosyncratic patterns in their decision processes.Originality/valueThe paper explores the field of consumer innovativeness studies using comparison of the two dimensions of consumer innovativeness measurements. Also, the study reconfirms the importance of demographics on consumers' decisions in the early stage of highly globalized product markets.

Abstract A preference to novelty paradigm used to study human infants (Quinn, 2002) examined attention to novel animal pictures at subordinate, basic and superordinate levels in tamarins. First, pairs of pictures were presented in phases, starting with a monkey species (subordinate level) and ending with mammal and dinosaur sets (superordinate levels). After each phase, tests paired novel pictures from the familiarized set with a novel broader category. Look rates toward each picture were coded. Tamarins looked significantly longer at a novel species after being familiarized with a monkey species, a species‐specific effect. Subjects attended equivalently to novel primate species after habituation to four monkey species, but looked significantly longer at pictures of mammals, marking a more global‐level inclusion and exclusion. Superordinate testing revealed that more novel and diverse sets were differentiated attentionally. The evidence implies that natural categorical representation occurs at an attentional level in primates in ways similar to human infants, and is affected by recent exposure and category variability.

<br clear="all" /><p> </p><p> <strong>Objective: </strong>Previous research has docu­mented a relationship between childhood socioeconomic conditions and adult health, but less is known about racial/ethnic dif­ferences in this relationship, particularly among men. This study utilizes a life course approach to investigate racial/ethnic differ­ences in the relationships among early and later life socioeconomic circumstances and health in adulthood among men.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Panel data from the Health and Retirement Study and growth curve models are used to examine group differences in the relationships among childhood and adult socioeconomic factors and age-tra­jectories of self-rated health among White, Black and Mexican American men aged 51-77 years (<em>N</em>=4147).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multiple measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) predict health in adulthood for White men, while significant­ly fewer measures of childhood SES predict health for Black and Mexican American men. Moreover, the health consequences of childhood SES diminish with age for Black and Mexican American men. The child­hood SES-adult health relationship is largely explained by measures of adult SES for White men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The life course pathways link­ing childhood SES and adult health differ by race/ethnicity among men. Similar to argu­ments that the universality of the adult SES-health relationship should not be assumed, results from our study suggest that scholars should not assume that the significance and nature of the association between child­hood SES and health in adulthood is similar across race/ethnicity among men.<em> Ethn Dis.</em>2015;25(3):313-320.</p>

This paper deals with an elucidation of the theologico-political implications of Franz Rosenzweig's relational conception of time in his work The Star of Redemption, the peculiarity of which expresses the concept "messianic difference". Considered from the standpoint of the secularization debate, this messianic temporality offers a response to the verification of the Hegelian assembly of political philosophy and philosophy of history which, according to Rosenzweig, First World War represented. The consequent political disappointment experienced by the author of Hegel und der Staat led him to the pursuit of a Neues Denken determined by the ontological primacy of time as well as the unbreakable relationship which Rosenzweig established between "temporality" and "otherness". Taking as terminus a quo the anthropological distinction between "personality" and "self", i. e. between "ethics" and "metaethics", that Rosenzweig presents in The Star, I will finally attempt to explore the various modes of temporalization that, depending on the relation to the temporalization of God and the world, are possible for the Rosenzweigian Self, as well as their related theologico-political aftermaths. ; El presente artículo tiene como objeto una elucidación del significado teológico- político de la concepción relacional del tiempo tematizada por Franz Rosenzweig en La estrella de la redención, cuya singularidad quiere expresar aquí el concepto «diferencia mesiánica». Enmarcada en la querella de la secularización, esta temporalidad mesiánica representa una respuesta a la verificación de la articulación hegeliana de filosofía política y filosofía de la historia que, según Rosenzweig, tuvo lugar a través de la Primera Guerra Mundial. El consiguiente desengaño político sufrido por el autor de Hegel und der Staat condujo a éste a la búsqueda de un nuevo pensamiento cuya novedad viene dada por el primado ontológico del tiempo y por la indisoluble relación establecida por Rosenzweig entre «temporalidad» y «alteridad». Tomando como punto de partida la distinción Rosenzweiguiana entre «personalidad» y «sí-mismo», es decir, entre «ética» y «metaética», el final del trabajo explora los diversos modos en que se temporaliza el sí-mismo en función de sus relaciones con las temporalizaciones de Dios y mundo, así como sus correspondientes efectos de carácter teológico-político.

In this article we emphasize the importance of what we might call glocalities or inhabited localities by the Good Government Boards ( JBG) of the caracoles zapatistas as crucial emplacements of life to understand the implications of globalizationprocesses. In order to underline the divers projects of decolonizing resistance looking for another globalization where more reasonable socio-ecological metabolisms prevail by being outline under collective schemes of appropriation, use and management of 'resources' lead by a logic of necessities and with an increasingly local and regional character. For this we interweave an outline of the theoretical references that constitutes the research field in construction of political ecology aiming to highlight the specificity that lay out with the term political ecology of difference (Escobar). Giving account of the strategic role that mesoamerian region, where the divers projects of zapatista autonomy are located, plays for the 'new' imperialism of accumulation by dispossess. ; En este artículo enfatizamos la importancia de lo que podríamos llamar glocalidades o localidades habitadas por las Juntas del Buen Gobierno ( JBG) de los caracoles zapatistas en tanto cruciales emplazamientos de vida para entender las implicaciones de los procesos de globalización. Ello con el fin de resaltar los diversos proyectos de resistencia descolonizadora en búsqueda de otra globalización donde imperen metabolismos socio-ecológicos más sensatos trazados bajo esquemas colectivos de apropiación, uso y gestión de 'recursos' guiados por una lógica de las necesidades y de carácter cada vez más local y regional. Para ellose entreteje un bosquejo de los referentes teóricos que constituyen el campo de estudio en construcción de la ecología política con el fin de poner de relieve la especificidad que se plantea con el término ecología política de la diferencia (Escobar). Dando cuenta del papel estratégico que juega la región mesoamericana, donde se localizan los diversos proyectos de autonomía zapatista, para el 'nuevo' imperialismo de acumulación por despojo.

A partir de l'idée d'Ikhtilâf (différence/divergence), fondamentale dans la culture et les sociétés islamiques, cette étude cherche àapporter des réponses nouvelles à la question de la légitimation des différences politique, religieuse, culturelle, etc. et, au-delà, de la légitimation du pouvoir et de la souverainté politique dans des sociétés islamiques en mutation. ; Peer reviewed