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One condition for the stability of democratic systems is the development of a political culture that is congruent with the implemented structure. As the presented data shows, in unified Germany this kind of congruence exists only in West Germany. In East Germany a majority of citizens is supporting democracy as well, but have a rather skeptical attitude toward the liberal democracy of Germany. This skepticism results partly from socialization and experiences in the state socialist system of the GDR. These lead to the preference of another normative model of democracy than the liberal democracy institutionalized in Germany. Considering the acceptance of the liberal democracy of Germany and the values underlying this model of democracy, the inner unity of the community of Germans remains still to be seen. ; Eine der Stabilitätsbedingungen demokratischer Systeme ist die Herausbildung einer politischen Kultur, die zu der implementierten Struktur kongruent ist. Wie die präsentierten Daten zeigen, liegt eine derartige Kongruenz im vereinigten Deutschland nur in Westdeutschland vor. In Ostdeutschland befürwortet zwar ebenfalls eine Mehrheit der Bürger eine Demokratie, aber sie stehen der liberalen Demokratie Deutschlands eher skeptisch gegenüber. Diese Skepsis ist u.a. auf die Sozialisation und die Erfahrungen im staatssozialistischen System der DDR zurückzuführen. Diese führten zu der Präferenz eines anderen normativen Modells der Demokratie, als dem der liberalen Demokratie, die in Deutschland institutionalisiert ist. Hinsichtlich der Akzeptanz der liberalen Demokratie Deutschlands und der Wertorientierungen, die diesem Demokratiemodell zugrundeliegen, steht die "innere Einheit" der Gemeinschaft der Deutschen also noch aus.

Arbitration — Procedure — Admissibility of action — Arbitral Commission on Property, Rights and Interests in Germany — Revision of judgments of municipal courts by Commission.

This article looks at various positive and negative measures which can be implemented to encourage the use of e-government. In particular, it focuses on incentive systems (primarily financial ones) as alternative measures to mandatory use requirements and includes consideration of the problematical issues of accessibility and the digital divide. The article also considers the possibility of levying special fees to offset the advantages of e-government to customers and the question of what incentives might exist for local and federal governments. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580

Disruptive innovations can solve major global challenges. However, the system in Germany does not sufficiently favor the development of such innovations. The disruptive output of leading nations like the United States puts increasing pressure on Germany's innovation leadership. The German innovation agency SPRIND was founded in 2019 and is a suitable instrument to promote disruptive innovations. The SPRIND itself cites the American innovation agency DARPA, which has been promoting disruptive innovations since 1958, a role model. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of DARPA and SPRIND. To answer the research question, secondary sources were used. In addition, two expert interviews were conducted with employees of SPRIND. The result of this paper is a systematic comparison that identifies the key differences and similarities between the two agencies. SPRIND is based on DARPA in key success factors, such as the person-centered approach, funding instruments or risk management. However, compared to DARPA, SPRIND has a major disadvantage; namely several administrative hurdles which inhibit agile action.

Investigates the potential of "new politics" issues -- postmaterial values & environmental concerns -- in creating party system realignment in Australia. Mail survey data collected as part of the 1990 Australia Election Study, voter & candidate samples (Ns = 1,649 & 383, respectively), conducted immediately after the 1990 federal election, are compared to test (1) a realignment hypothesis, ie, a system reflecting the conflict of new & old politics is replacing the modern Australian party system; & (2) an adaptation hypothesis, ie, existing parties are adapting to the concerns of new politics. Findings show more support for the adaptation hypothesis. Thus, although there is potential for realignment, postmaterial values & environmental ideologies have failed to contribute to such a development as they have yet to penetrate both elites & masses to the same degree. 6 Tables, 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 83 References. M. Grounds