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Work intensity is considered one relevant factor in shaping the risk of experiencing in-work poverty, i.e., being a worker with a household income below the relative poverty line. However, little attention has been paid to how work intensity is associated with workers' subjective poverty (i.e., their feeling of being in-work poor) and to how this association varies across geographical areas. Therefore, the present work intends to fill this gap and investigate the relationship between work-intensity and the risk of experiencing in-work poverty, in both objective and subjective terms as well as differences among local contexts, i.e., regions and degrees of urbanisation. The analysis is based on 2018 cross-sectional data from the Italian module of the Eu-Silc survey. Empirical results show that work intensity is negatively associated with both objective and subjective in-work poverty, but the relation is stronger with the former. Furthermore, densely, intermediate and thinly populated areas show similar trends, whereas there is a persistent gap between, on the one hand, the North-Center of Italy and, on the other, the South, which has the highest risk of objective and subjective in-work poverty. However, the latter is also the area where the association between work intensity and in-work poverty is stronger.

This study empirically analyzed the determinants of poverty among rural farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used and a sample of 285 farm households through a multistage sampling technique was drawn from the study. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty measure, Gini coefficient and probit regression analysis. The findings revealed that 81.8%, 81.1% and 34.1% of the respondents were male, married and no formal education respectively. The average household's age was over 50 years' old which implies that the respondents were fairly old and experienced. 59.3% of the respondents were actually poor while 27.6% of the poverty line (580.42 USD) was needed to get out of poverty. The result of Gini coefficient (0.492) implies average level of income inequality among the respondents. The result of logit regression model indicated that age, gender, marital status, household size, access to credit, farm income and educational level of the respondents were the major determinants of poverty among rural farm households. It was further shown that reducing the frequency of eating per day, engaged in non-farming activities, praying and fasting, and seeking help from friends/relatives were the major strategies for coping with poverty syndrome in the study area. Therefore, government should design holistic policies that will focus on the factors highlighted above in order to alleviate poverty and improve the welfare of the rural farmers in the study area.

This paper investigates a number of inter-related issues pertaining to the recent poverty scenario of Bangladesh – viz., (a) making sense of a marked slowdown in the pace of poverty reduction after 2010, (b) identifying the structural determinants of poverty reduction, and (c) examining regional divergence in the rate of poverty reduction. The analysis identifies falling real wages as the main proximate reason for both slowdown in poverty reduction and rise in income inequality in recent years. The underlying reason, however, is a massive upsurge in rural-to-urban migration which has exerted a downward pressure on real wages in the urban labour market, with repercussion on the rural labour market as well. The main determinants of poverty reduction in the recent years are found to lie in a couple of structural changes – (a) occupational shift, from relatively low-remuneration activities to relatively high-remuneration activities, induced by economic growth and (b) the spread of education, which enables workers to move into relatively high-occupation activities and to earn higher income within the same occupation. Divergent performance in terms of the same two structural factors – namely, occupational shift and the spread of education – are also found to explain a large part of the regional divide in the success in poverty reduction, although additional factors – related to geography and demography – may also be at work.

AbstractAny serious student of poverty understands the many weaknesses of the official poverty measure. In response to these concerns, the National Academy of Sciences issued recommendations to improve the official poverty measure. In addition, the Census Bureau has undertaken a vast amount of research to improve our official poverty series. The methodology used in this analysis incorporates as many of those recommendations as possible to examine the change in poverty from 1979 to 2000. Compared to this methodology, the official poverty measure understates dramatically the reduction in poverty over time.

El presente texto presenta insumos de las discusiones del grupo de investigación kavilando, en torno a la Medellín de hoy, en términos de pobreza; del cómo dicha categoría resulta ser un excelente lugar que ubica al grueso de la población como merecedora de intervención técnico-social, no para restablecer su dignidad y cambiar el sistema inequitativo de distribución de la riqueza, sino como un mecanismo que bien hace circular el presupuesto público hacia privados, con cara de altruismo, con el discurso de la inclusión, buscando demagógicamente hacer de los pobres nuevos consumidores, emprendedores, etc., dilatando así, la discusión esencial.

This article reviews literature regarding the nature and impact of corruption and its contribution to poverty in Africa, explains how the international community could create an institution that would investigate and deter corruption, and relates this policy proposal to current theories of underdevelopment. The article concludes that theorists agree on the importance of fighting corruption but have overlooked the need for international cooperation to create a body of criminal investigators. The article contributes a detailed policy proposal and an analysis of objections that might be raised regarding the establishment of a strong international capacity to fight corruption.

Intro -- Arundhati Roy -- The Ministry of Utmost Happiness -- Summary -- Anjum -- Anjum's guesthouse -- Garson Hobart -- Tilo -- The Ministry of Utmost Happiness -- Character study -- Anjum -- Tilo -- Biplab Dasgupta -- Naga -- Musa -- Saddam Hussain -- Zainab -- Major Amrik Singh -- Miss Jebeen the Second -- Analysis -- A postcolonial novel -- Contemporary Indian society -- Kashmir -- Poverty -- Gender -- Style -- Further reflection -- Further reading.

"This chapter studies the differential effects that trade openness may have on leading and lagging regions within a country. Examining data from India, we find that while trade liberalization is associated with reduced poverty, this effect is smaller in lagging states. The expected transmission of international prices to domestic prices with openness to trade is seen to be less perfect in lagging states than in leading ones, especially in the rural sector. This suggests that poverty reduction in lagging regions is impeded by the lack of exposure to international markets as opposed to another commonly argued factor - the competition to domestic production from international trade. Cross-country analysis with a sample of countries in South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) also suggests that countries with a smaller proportion of their populations in lagging regions experience greater reduction in poverty rates following trade liberalization. Our study confirms that though trade liberalization can bring gains, there is scope for policy to ensure that these gains are distributed more equally across sub-national regions. Our results highlight the importance of developing infrastructure including equipped ports, better and more extensive roads and communication links in exploiting gains from international trade"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Corruption at all levels of all societies is a behavioural consequence of power and greed. With no rulebook, corruption is covert, opportunistic, repetitive and powerful, reliant upon dominance, fear and unspoken codes: a significant component of the 'quiet violence'. Descriptions of financial corruption in China, Italy and Africa lead into a discussion of 'grand', 'political' and 'petty' corruption. Social consequences are given emphasis but elude analysis; those in Bangladesh and the Philippines are considered against prerequisites for resilience. People most dependent upon self-reliance are most prone to its erosion by exploitation, ubiquitous impediments to prerequisites of resilience – latent abilities to 'accommodate and recover' and to 'change in order to survive'. Rarely spoken of to those it does not dominate, for long-term effectiveness, sustainability and reliability, eradication of corrupt practices should be prerequisite to initiatives for climate change, poverty reduction, disaster risk reduction and resilience. ; http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v9i1.391

AbstractThis article discusses the discursive framing of displacement and legitimacy for Roma migrants living in Germany to explore distinctions between "economic" and "forced" migration. Despite efforts towards their inclusion at the EU level, there has been an escalation in anti‐Roma sentiment across Europe simultaneous with increased transnational mobility. Based on media analysis and ethnographic research spanning 2011 to 2013, the inconsistencies and ironies associated with distinctions between voluntary and forced migration – and the consequences of this distinction for experiences in a host country – are illustrated using three cases. These highlight the range of reactions to Roma as "poverty migrants" (with its a priori assumption about welfare needs) to "bogus" or illegitimate refugees, even when fleeing desperate circumstances. These framings, and the inconsistencies they inherently entail, highlight investment in European identity and citizenship as migrants are defined, categorized, and managed by states seeking to curtail population movements deemed problematic.

Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Child poverty and household poverty in Cameroon: A multidimensional approach -- Chapter 3: The impact of child malnutrition and health on cognitive skill in Ethiopia: using standard panel data analysis -- Chapter 4: Assessing MDG achievement through under-5 child stunting in East African Community -- Chapter 5: Dynamics and determinants of poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from panel survey -- Chapter 6: The Impact of international remittances on expenditure patterns of urban households in Ethiopia -- Chapter 7: Determinants of consumption expenditures and poverty dynamics in urban Ethiopia: Evidence from panel data -- Chapter 8: Impact of the 2002's VAT rate reform on household welfare in Rwanda -- Chapter 9: On the measurement of multidimensional well-being in some East African countries -- Chapter 10: Multidimensional measures of poverty in Ethiopia: Principal component and stochastic dominancy analysis -- Chapter 11: Biofuel, Poverty, Food Security and Growth in Ethiopia: A Computable General Equilibrium Microsimulation Analysis -- Chapter 12: Does Energy Resources Spending mitigate adverse effects of CO2 Emissions from Oil exploration in Africa?.

ABSTRACTThe preconditions of policy making are a concern in a human mind about some situation, actual or hypothetical, which is perceived as important and the conceived possibility that human action could make it better. Perceptions of the situation and of its origins and of the scope if any for acting on it and the actions conceived as available vary immensely with the culture of the society involved; and they change with time. This theme is illustrated by a brief summary of British political and cultural responses to poverty and to unemployment in the last hundred years.

This study evaluates the impact of economic reforms on the social sector of Pakistan by constructing the index of economic reforms of the key sectors of the economy for the period 1971 to 2015 using ARDL. For analysis purpose two separate models have been estimated for poverty and income inequality. The results of the study reveal that economic reforms impact poverty and income inequality negatively and significantly. The negative relationship of economic reforms show that economic reforms are helpful for improving the social sector of Pakistan. Moreover, both the models also show convergence from short run to long run period. The foreign direct investment exerts positive impact on poverty and gross fixed capital has positive impact on both poverty and income inequality. The relationship between population growth and income inequality is positive and significant. Moreover, age dependency ratio and life expectancy reduces both inequality and poverty respectively in the long run. The role of crime appears to be insignificant in case of income inequality. The study suggests that government of Pakistan should formulate and implement pro poor policies and introduce reforms for providing health and educational facilitates. Furthermore, the introduction food subsidy to the poor will also be helpful in reducing the intensity of poverty and inequality in Pakistan.