Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Science–policy interaction is frequently organized through projects, lauded as flexible and focused administrative solutions for policy learning. However, there is a risk of stifling projects with overly rigid interfaces or, controversially, losing project results amidst the cracks of inter- and intra-organizational cleavages when interfaces are excessively flexible. This article examines how science advisors in Estonian ministries contributed to resolving this controversy through an in-depth case study of an agenda-setting bioeconomy project. The results suggest that the potential of science advisors to provide necessary flexibility is contingent on their position relative to bureaucratic hierarchies and boundary objects.

Crime victimization and fear of crime: 8.1. Crime victimization and demographic factors; 8.2. Crime victimization and non-demographic factors; 8.3. Fear of crime and individual traits; 8.4. Fear of crime and ecological variables; 8.5. Highlights -- Epilogue: grand summary: 9.1. Confidence in the nature of crime correlates; 9.2. Consistency scores for chapter 2: demographic factors; 9.3. Consistency scores for chapter 3: institutional and ecological factors; 9.4. Consistency scores for chapter 4: familial, reproductive, and peer factors; 9.5. Consistency scores for chapter 5: personality and behavioral factors; 9.6. Consistency scores for chapter 6: cognitive and mental health factors; 9.7. Consistency scores for chapter 7: biological factors; 9.8. Consistency scores for chapter 8: crime victimization and fear of crime; 9.9. Cultural generalizability for the strong crime correlates; 9.10. Closing comments.

"Asian/Americans, Education, and Crime: The Model Minority as Victim and Perpetrator analyzes Asian/Americans' interactions with the U.S. criminal justice system as perpetrators and victims of crime. This book contributes to a limited amount of scholarly writing so that researchers, policymakers, and educators can gain a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the relationship between Asian/Americans and the criminal justice system. In reality, Asian/Americans in the United States are both the victims of crime and the perpetrators of crime. However, their characterization as the 'model minority' masks the victimization and violence they experience in the twenty-first century"--Provided by publisher

1. Abbott Laboratories : Medicare fraud (2003) -- 2. Abbott Laboratories : off-label marketing of Depakote (2012) -- 3. Abercrombie & Fitch : employment-related race discrimination (2004) -- 4. Adelphia communications : securities fraud (2005) -- 5. Ahold : accounting fraud related to wholesale food vending (2005) -- 6. AIG : bid rigging, securities fraud, and tax evasion (2006) -- 7. AIG and PNC Financial Services : securities fraud (2003-2004) -- 8. Alabama Power : clean air act violations (2006) -- 9. American Electric Power : clean air act violations (2006) -- 10. AOL-Time Warner : securities fraud (2005) -- 11. Apple : collusion in the pricing of e-books (2013) -- 12. AstraZeneca : financial misconduct in the marketing of Zoladex (2003) -- 13. AstraZeneca : off-label marketing of Seroquel (2011-2013) -- 14. Bank of America, UBS, GE Capital, and Wells Fargo : fraud in the municipal bond business (2012) -- 15. Bank of America and Countrywide Financial : mortgage fraud (2011) -- 16. Bank of America and Merrill Lynch : employment discrimination against women financial advisors (2013) -- 17. Bank of America and Merrill Lynch : mortgage fraud (2012) -- 18. Bayer and GlaxoSmithKline : Medicaid fraud and overcharging for medication (2003) -- 19. Bernard L. Madoff securities : operating a Ponzi scheme -- 20. Beverly Enterprises : medicare fraud (2000) -- 21. Blodget, Henry : securities fraud while at CIBC Oppenheimer and Merrill Lynch (2003) -- 22. Boeing : employment-related gender discrimination (2005) -- 23. Boeing : violating military contract procurement rules (2004) -- 24. BP : largest oil spill in American history (2010) -- 25. Bridgestone and Ford : manufacturing and design defects causing tire blowouts and ensuing crashes (2001-2005) -- 26. Burlington Northern : genetic testing in violation fo the Americans with Disabilities Act (2001) -- 27. Chiquita : engaging in transactions with a specially designated global terrorist organization (2007) -- 28. ChoicePoint : breaches in company security systems resulting in customer identity theft (2005) -- 29. Citigroup : mortgage fraud (2011 and 2012) -- 30. Coca-Cola : racial discrimination related to employment (2001) -- 31. Computer chip manufacturers (Hynix, Infineon, and Samsung) : price-fixing (2004-2010) -- 32. Countrywide Financial and Angelo Mozilo : fraud and insider trading (2010) -- 33. Dell : accounting fraud (2010) -- 34. Dial : workplace sexual harassment (2003) -- 35. Dominion Energy : Clean Air Act violations (2003) -- 36. DuPont : toxic contamination related to chemical production (2002-2011) -- 37. Eli Lilly : off-label marketing of Zyprexa (2009) -- 38. Enron Corporation : financial fraud (2006) -- 39. Equifax : failing to correct false information on a credit report (2013) -- 40. ExxonMobil : Clean Water Act violations involving oil spills on Navajo lands (2005) -- 41. Food processors (ADM, Cargill, and Tate and Lyle) : price-fixing related to food additives (1998-2004) -- 42. Galleon Group and Raj Rajaratnam : insider trading (2011) -- 43. General Motors : product liability related to the design and placement of gas tanks (1999-2003) -- 44. GlaxoSmithKline : blocking generic entries to the market (2004) -- 45. GlaxoSmithKline : illegal marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products (2012) -- 46. Goldman Sachs : mortgage securities fraud (2010) -- 47. Halliburton : product liability related to asbestos production and usage (2001-2005) -- 48. Hospital Corporation of America : Medicare fraud (2000 and 2002) -- 49. Hospital Corporation of America : patient neglect (2012) -- 50. HSBC : money laundering (2012) -- 51. IBM : age discrimination resulting from pension plan conversion (2004) -- 52. Invesco Funds : mutual fund trading violations (2004) -- 53. ITT : violations of the Arms Export Control Act (2007) -- 54. Johnson & Johnson : bribery of foreign health care providers and administrators (2011) -- 55. JPMorgan Chase : manipulation of energy markets (2013) -- 56. JPMorgan Chase : mortgage fraud (2013) -- 57. JPMorgan Chase : unlawful military foreclosures and evictions (2011) -- 58. JPMorgan Chase and Credit Suisse : misleading investors (2012) -- 59. Koch Industries : Clean Water Act violations related to oil spills (2000) -- 60. KPMG : tax fraud (2005) -- 61. Lippo Group : U.S. Campaign Law violations (2001) -- 62. Lucent : securities fraud (2004) -- 63. Medco : Medicare fraud (2006) -- 64. Merck : improper marketing of pharmaceuticals (2007 and 2011) -- 65. Merrill Lynch : employment discrimination against African American financial advisors (2012) -- 66. Microsoft : antitrust violation related to Internet Explorer bundling (2001) -- 67. Microsoft : antitrust violations related to software overcharges (2003-2007) -- 68. Microsoft : patent infringement (2011) -- 69. Morgan Stanley : employment-related gender discrimination/sexual harassment (2004) -- 70. Mortgage-Holding Banks, including Aurora Bank, Bank of America, Citibank, JPMorgan Chase, MetLife Bank, PNC, Sovereign, SunTrust, U.S. Bank, and Wells Fargo : illegal mortgage foreclosures (2013) -- 71. National Century Financial Enterprises : financial fraud in the health care sector (2009) -- 72. National Football League : collusion in player head trauma (2013) -- 73. Natural gas producers (Anadarko, ChevronTexaco, ConocoPhillips, Devon, Exxon, and Kerr-McGee) : fraud related to natural gas royalty underpayments (2007-2012) -- 74. New Century Financial : securities fraud related to subprime mortgages (2007) -- 75. Newmont Mining : environmental contamination (2006) -- 76. Nike : making false commercial statements (2003) -- 77. Orthopedic firms (Biomet, DePuy Orthopedics, Smith & Nephew, Stryker Corporation, and Zimmer Holdings) : illegal kickbacks to physicians (2007) -- 78. Petroleum refiners (31 Companies) : Oil Refinery Clean Air Act violations (2004-2007) -- 79. Pfizer : off-label marketing of Bextra (2009) -- 80. Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds : wholesale practices that encouraged cigarette smuggling (2004 and 2010) -- 81. Ralphs Grocery : criminal labor law violations (2006) -- 82. Royal Dutch Shell : oil reserve overstatements (2002-2009) -- 83. SAC Capital : insider trading (2013) -- 84. Schering-Plough : improper marketing of pharmaceuticals (2002 and 2006) -- 85. Serono : health care fraud and illegal marketing (2005) -- 86. Taco Bell : copyright infringement and contract violations (2009) -- 87. Tenet Health Care Corporation : Medicare fraud (2006) -- 88. Tenet Health Care Corporation and Redding Medical Center : unnecessary heart surgeries (2004 and 2005) -- 89. UBS : conspiracy to defraud the U.S. government and tax fraud (2009) -- 90. United Technologies : Arms Export Control Act violations (2012) -- 91. Visa and MasterCard : price-fixing related to swipe fees (2012) -- 92. Wall Street analysts including Credit Suisse, First Boston, Merrill Lynch, Salomon Smith Barney (a Division of Citigroup), Bear Stearns, UBS Warburg, Goldman Sachs, Piper Jaffray, JPMorgan Chase, Lehman Brothers, Morgan Stanley : conflict of interest in investment banking activities (2003) -- 93. Walmart : wage and hour violations (2007-2010) -- 94. Wegelin & Company : conspiracy to commit tax fraud (2012) -- 95. WellPoint : underpayments to physicians (2005) -- 96. Wells Fargo : civil rights violations related to lending practices (2009) -- 97. Williams Companies, Inc. : stock fraud (2006) -- 98. Wood products manufacturers (Boise Cascade, Georgia-Pacific, Louisiana-Pacific, Weyerhaeuser, and Willamette) : Clean Air Act violations (1993-2002) -- 99. WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers : accounting fraud (2005) -- 100. Wyeth : product liability related to Fen-Phen (1997-2013).

In The beautiful prison incarcerated Americans and prison critics seek to imagine the prison as something better than a machinery of suffering. From personal testimony to theoretical meditation these writers explore and confront the practical and cultural limits the prison places on its transformation into a socially constructive institution.

Chapter 10: A Victim for the Gallows: Hanging Too Good for HimChapter 11: The Law Vindicated -- Chapter 12: Five Trapdoor Angels Sent to that Bourne -- Chapter 13: Edward Fulsom, Hired Gun or Accidental Accomplice?; Chapter 14: Cattle Drives, Outlaws, and a Hanging; Chapter 15: Three Lives for Six -- Chapter 16: Three Down, Three to Go; Chapter 17: Execution of William Phillips; Chapter 18: James Arcine and William Parchmeal; Chapter 19: A New Gallows for New Customers; Chapter 20: Sprole and James Hanged; Chapter 21: Kitt Ross Executed.

Whether we surf the internet, watch the news on television, or listen to more or less academic lectures, we are familiar with a phrase that has become a public label associated with the Romanian society and, at least in recent years, equally to the international one. The world is in crisis and so is Romania. At least we are better from this perspective, as many of those who talk about Romania consider it to be in a deeper crisis, facing more problems and having fewer solutions. Overlooking the trivial remark according to which it is questionable whether a crisis constantly characterizing a society is a crisis indeed, in this article I propose an epistemological perspective on the problem of the crisis and an X-ray of the mechanisms of knowledge that regulate and manage it. This article deals with four main themes. Firstly, I will depict a typology of knowledge, distinguishing between three types: common knowledge, public knowledge, and scientific knowledge. I will detail the concept of public knowledge and show the special role played by public intellectuals and public communicators in this type of knowledge. The former are specialists who choose to transmit information from their specialty fields to the public space, while the latter are public experts who have notoriety without being specialists in the fields in which they communicate. They propose a knowledge to say "superficial", but extremely important on a social level. I will insist on the role of this type of culture of superficiality, a major role in the functioning of societies. Also, in this part I will describe the ideological mechanism behind all these types of knowledge whose management is provided by the structures of power. The second theme is the role of knowledge communities and intellectuals as members of these communities in supporting and disseminating labels applicable to social change. Moreover, I will show that in the field of sociology there is even a clearly defined professional dimension in the area of social activism, that is, public sociology. In fact, any intellectual in the public space is a propagandist of some values, sometimes we are talking about the values generally accepted in society, but not always. The third theme is the role of the paradigm of negative labelling of change, a paradigm that underlies many knowledge communities in today's world, a paradigm according to which social reality is evaluated and interpreted as a continuous suite of social problems. In other words, the world is represented as a universe of problems to be solved. This paradigm is based on the modern cultural model of the necessary positive evolution of history, according to which any stagnation or negative evolution is interpreted as a social problem. The fourth part of the article deals with crises and the mechanism by which they are generated by knowledge communities, as well as their main characteristics. Finally, I am trying to answer the question of why crises cannot be solved.

The study of science in human civilisations has a complex history. In ancient India much was learnt from Greece and new contributions were made. The Islamic civilisation added much to what Greece had contributed in science and medicine. The advances in Europe from fifteenth century onwards left the whole world behind; and science was duly utilised to serve the interests of the colonial regime. Now, there is need to develop a comprehensive History of Science, Technology Environment and Medicine (HISTEM). A combination of these fields does not mean that the distinction between them, for example, between science and technology is overlooked. Nor can HISTEM be divorced from the general history of the country concerned, India in the present case.

The paper written by the famous American scientist - astronomer, physicist, and economist S. Newcomb (1835-1909) reviews the development of American science in the 19th century. The author analyzes factors of the poor state of science in the USA and compares institutional and organizational features of science in America and in Europe. He shows that the USA lags behind not because of the lack of intellectual potential (such as low level of education), but due to the lack of interest on the part of society and to the absence of demand for science. It is possible to overcome this indifference if the society realizes the importance of abstract science and enormous practical opportunities stemming from it.

An attempt is made to understand the links between contemporary violence & reductionist modern science, & to show that violence does not merely arise in the application of science but is intrinsic to its structure. This violence is rooted in the violation of the integrity of the object & subject of knowledge. The ecological crisis is interpreted as arising primarily from this violence of reductionist science. The argument is elaborated by case studies of the violence of modern science in the "peaceful" domains of health, agriculture, & forestry. 1 Table. AA