Suchergebnisse

Liberia is emerging from 14 years of war where it served as the epicentre in West Africa of conflict fuelled by disputes over natural resources. Almost three years after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement there remain resource-rich, poorly managed areas where ex-combatants wield considerable power due to lack of law-and-order capacity and alternative livelihood opportunities. Gaining government control of such areas and prohibiting the use of timber and diamonds to fuel conflict are central to the lifting of sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council in May 2003. This article examines the efforts of the Liberian government, the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and other international partners to evacuate Sapo National Park as a case study for establishing control of natural resources – an important post-conflict challenge that can undermine the building of peace. Critical components of what worked are examined in an effort to design and implement an integrated strategy, as are ongoing operational, coordination and other challenges. The case study illustrates the complexity of issues raised by, and the need to move beyond, sanctions for peace to be sustainable in resource-rich countries emerging from war.

Liberia is emerging from 14 years of war where it served as the epicentre in West Africa of conflict fuelled by disputes over natural resources. Almost three years after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement there remain resource-rich, poorly managed areas where ex-combatants wield considerable power due to lack of law-and-order capacity and alternative livelihood opportunities. Gaining government control of such areas and prohibiting the use of timber and diamonds to fuel conflict are central to the lifting of sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council in May2003. This article examines the efforts of the Liberian government, the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and other international partners to evacuate Sapo National Park as a case study for establishing control of natural resources an important post-conflict challenge that can undermine the building of peace.1 Critical components of what worked are examined in an effort to design and implement an integrated strategy, as are on going operational, coordination and other challenges. The case study illustrates the complexity of issues raised by, and the need to move beyond, sanctions for peace to be sustainable in resource-rich countries emerging from war. Adapted from the source document.

Theory informs us that decentralisation, a process through which powers, responsibilities and resources are devolved by the central state to lower territorial entities and regionally/locally elected bodies, increases efficiency, participation, equity, and environmental sustainability. Many types and forms of decentralisation have been implemented in Africa since the colonial period, with varying degrees of success. This paper explores the process of forest management decentralisation conducted in Cameroon since the mid-1990s, highlighting its foundations and characterising its initial assets. Through the transfer of powers to peripheral actors for the management of forestry fees, Council Forests and Community [or Village] Forests, this policy innovation could be empowering and productive. However, careful observation and analysis of relationships between the central state and regional/local-level decentralised bodies, on the one hand, and of the circulation of powers, on the other, show – after a decade of implementation – that the experiment is increasingly governed by strong tendencies towards 're-centralisation', dictated by the practices of bureaucrats and state representatives. The paper also confirms recent empirical studies of 'the capture of decentralised actors'. It finally shows how bureaucrats and state authorities are haunted by the Frankenstein's monster syndrome, concerning state–local relationships in decentralised forest management.

Since the onset of democratic reform in the 1990's, it has been fashionable to provide parallels between the health of journalism and the fortunes of democracy. During this period too, Journalism in Africa has witnessed a clash in professional values relating to how the press should conduct itself in the face of democratization. This study sought to provide some light on these issues through establishing the professional orientations of journalists and exploring the relationship between these orientations and journalist framing of the crisis of democratization in Kenya. Additionally the study sought to find out how journalist value orientations have interacted with news house policies regarding the crisis.The study sought to establish whether there were undergirding professional journalist belief systems and journalist framing of the crisis over constitutional reform. This later was to be determined as a measure of journalist attitude towards the call for constitutional reform itself, and the major protagonists in the crisis on constitutional reform including the government, major parliamentary political parties, civil society, the religious sector, the general public, media handling and framing of the constitutional reforms. The study also sought to establish the various experiences of journalists with regard to the organizing of value positions within the newsroom.

AbstractOur central argument in this article is that the introduction of computers in African states fails to produce the intended results. This is precisely because the trajectory of development of bureaucratic institutions in Africa has resulted in internal and external contexts that differ fundamentally from those of the Western states within which computing and information technology has been developed. This article explores the context in which computers were developed in Western industrialized societies to understand the circumstances that the technologies were designed to respond to and the bureaucratic culture that helped produce desired results. We then proceed to analyse the truncated nature of institution building in the colonial state, and how it structured the peculiar setting of the post‐colonial African state and dynamics surrounding the integration of the new information and communication technologies. We argue that the colonial state bequeathed to its post‐colonial successor three crucial characteristics that are of central importance to understanding why the introduction of computers does not produce anticipated improvements in public administration. These are the very limited technical capabilities of the bureaucracy; authoritarian decision‐making processes under the control of generalist administrators; and the predominance of patron–client relationships. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.

In examining the gender ideologies of several Islamic fundamentalist movements, this article shows that, despite regional & cultural variations, they exhibit a significant degree of similarity. It is shown that gender relations are not a marginal aspect of these movements; rather, an important strength of fundamentalism lies in its creation of the illusion that a return to traditional, patriarchal relations is the answer to the social & economic problems that both Western & non-Western societies face in the era of late capitalism. This article identifies & discusses three ways in which feminist thinkers have tried to explain the appeal of fundamentalism among both men & women of the middle & lower-middle classes in the predominantly Muslim societies of the Middle East, North Africa, & Southeast Asia; in this way, a more integrated & dialectical explanation of fundamentalism -- & its appeal -- is developed. The article also discusses the oft-neglected progressive Islamic discourses that are gradually developing in the region, voices that call for greater tolerance, diversity, & more egalitarian gender relations. It is argued that we must map out the differences between voices of progressive women & men, & the rhetoric of those who have maintained nativist & reactionary teachings with regard to gender relations. 51 References. T. K. Brown

In the course of the research the author studied the state of the road network of the Black Sea coast of the Cau-casus, considered the issues of maritime communication in the context of the Russian Company of Navigation and Trade, the Black Sea coastal rowing flotilla, the peculiarities of postal and telegraphic communication with the nearest territories, with the administrative center of the Caucasus – Tiflis and the Kuban – Ekaterinodar. The article concludes that the poor condition, and in some areas the complete absence of communication routes, ensured the logistic isolation of the coast; the south-east was particularly affected. With the absolute superiority of the Turkish fleet on the Black Sea, the problem of poor communications could have negative consequences during the conduct of hostilities, under such conditions, Turkish landing operations posed a special danger.

This article is the result of research carried out in the postdoctoral stage of the Postgraduate Program in Aeronautical Sciences at the University of Aeronautics (PPGCA), whose theme was "Geopolitics, Culture and Law: Epistemological dialogues needed in times of postmodernity" Thus, it collimates to examine the scientific connections that unite geopolitics and law, disciplines that overlap in such a way that they end up guaranteeing fundamental rights for ordinary citizens, aiming to analyze the geopolitical control of law from the influence of neoliberal geopolitics on constitutionalism. of the countries of late modernity, as is the case of Brazil, thus it was possible to demonstrate the influence of real factors of world power in the legislative process of the countries of the Global South of neoliberal globalization, whose leadership is being disputed by the United States and China.

Изучена и проанализирована динамика показателей здоровья подростков и юношей допризывного и призывного контингентов с учетом уровня их медицинского обеспечения на примере крупнейшего региона Юга России Краснодарского края. Дискутируются вопросы зависимости динамики состояния здоровья от качества жизни допризывников и призывников, эффективности медицинского обеспечения. Предложены направления совершенствования медико-социальной профилактики нарушений здоровья в процессе подготовке к военной службе. ; The dynamics of indicators of the health of adolescents and young men of nonconscriptional and conscriptional contingent was Studied and analyzed of their level of medical care for example in the largest region of southern RussiaKrasnodar Krai. Issues are discussed depending on the dynamics of the health status and quality of life before conscriptional aged recruits effectiveness of medical support. The directions of improvement of medical and social prevention of health problems in the process of preparing for military service.

These days one of the most important questions in connection with big cities is the functional diversity of the central areas. My research focuses on the connection between the rehabilitation of downtown, mixed-use developments and the problems of city usage. Among the new functional revitalizations a good example for top-down initiatives is the territory of Bartók Béla avenue, the south-eastern part of Budapest, because of the conscious functional rehabilitation by the local government. The artificial changes of the spontaneously shaped mixed-use territory of the district query the liveability and usability of the area. The research analyses the concentration of the different types of commercial and service functions and explores the temporal and spatial changes of the functional diversity and focuses on the sustainability effects of the multifunctional urban fields.

Using quantitative analysis of questionnaire responses, observations during focus group discussions, and qualitative assessment of discussion statements, the present study examined trust and social representations of the U.S. Forest Service's management of Southern California national forests for the protection of endangered species. Supporting expectations based on the salient values similarity (SVS) model, it was found that (a) trust was highly correlated to assessments of shared salient values, and (b) trust and both the evaluation and acceptance of specific forest management practices were strongly related. Four patterns of social representations of shared value saliency and trust of U.S. Forest Service forest management to protect species were identified. Results demonstrate the importance of trust to the acceptance of forest management practices. They also suggest the need to recognize the influence of perceived variations in saliency of values in the SVS model.

The gestation period of the Faculty of Law, University of Calgary was a long one. After a short lived attempt to operate the Calgary College of Law in 1912-14, the southern Alberta city had to await the founding of the University of Calgary in 1966 before the setting up of a law school would emerge again as a serious possibility.' In 1969, after positive recommendations from both the Law Society of Alberta and the Calgary Bar Association that a law school be established at the new university, the latter under the leadership of President Fred Carruthers formed a sub-committee of its Academic Policy Committee to consider the feasibility of setting up a second faculty of law in the province. The sub-committee was chaired by Professor Eugene Dais, then of the Department of Political Science.

Chapter 1. Introduction Background, Research Objectives, Major Research Questions, Research Design, and Structure of the Book -- Chapter 2. Policy Background for the Greater Bay Area Development in South China -- Chapter 3. GBA Development Opportunities and Challenges: Peoples' Evaluations -- Chapter 4. The Call for Mega-City Development: Rivalry between Hong Kong and Shenzhen -- Chapter 5. Cross-border Learning and Employment: Policy Ideals and Implementation Reality -- Chapter 6. Social Cohesion and Social Policy Reforms in China -- Chapter 7. Contracting-out Social Services from Regional Perspectives -- Chapter 8. Searching for New Social Governance and State-NGO Relationships -- Chapter 9. Social Welfare Expansion and Changing Welfare Approaches -- Chapter 10. Cities and Social Integration: Challenges for Policy and Governance -- Chapter 11. Conclusion. .