Suchergebnisse

Abstract Socioeconomic impacts of the construction of the Ferreira Gomes Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHEFG) were analyzed in communities of fishermen affected before and after the filling of the reservoir. The study occurred between 2014 and 2015, in the municipality of Ferreira Gomes-AP. Data were collected using forms (Nsample=48) and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their significance (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05). The results showed that the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) did not adequately predict impacts in the fisheries sector. The comparative tests confirmed a) six variables with significant variation (p<0.05): monthly income, number of trips to fish, fishing difficulties, environmental conditions of the Araguari River, socioeconomic and environmental impacts; and b) a variable at the limit of significance (p≈0,056): fish trade. We concluded that the reparatory measures did not reestablish the socioenvironmental conditions, generating conflicts not foreseen.

The correspondence exchanged between Captain John Blake, John Bradby Blake, and their associates offers a valuable insight into the sociable world of Enlightenment botany. By considering these sources alongside the records of other contemporary scholars of botany, this paper examines the composition of the community of plant collectors and botanical scholars with whom father and son were interacting in the 1760s and 1770s. The documents also reveal the ways in which botanical knowledge circulated among the members of these communities. Amateur botany, it turns out, was deeply linked to gardening and to the emerging trade in horticultural plants, yet the contributions made by gardeners and nurserymen have been largely overlooked. In sum, the Blake collection at Oak Spring helps to answer larger questions about the nature of Enlightenment sociability, about diversity within botanical networks, and about the ways in which that social diversity affected botanical collecting.

Voluntary action has long played a role in state education, with parent–teacher associations being one of the most common forms of charitable organisation in England. However, education policy, driven by a growing free-market discourse and policy initiatives such as localism, is increasingly pushing for greater voluntary action. This article explores the distribution of voluntary action in primary schools in one local authority area in England. Drawing on primary data from 114 questionnaires completed by head teachers and secondary data from the financial records (2013/14) of 380 primary schools, we find evidence of considerable uneven dispersal of voluntary action between schools. These disparities are related to factors including school size, location, leadership ideology and the socioeconomic profile of the school. The consequence of this uneven distribution is that schools catering for more affluent communities are more likely to have additional resources than those with poorer profiles.

This article considers some of the ways in which 'the black woman' as both representation and embodied, sentient being is rendered visible and invisible, and to link these to the multiple and competing ways in which she is 'present'. The issues are engaged through three distinct but overlapping conceptualisations of 'presence'. 'Presence' as conceived (and highly contested) in performance studies; 'presence' as conceived and worked with in psychoanalysis; and 'presence' as decolonising political praxis among Indigenous communities. I use these conceptualisations of presence to consider the various ways in which the black woman as figure and as embodied/sentient subject has been made present/absent in different discursive registers. I also explore what is foreclosed and how this is itself linked to legacies of colonial 'worlding'. I end with consideration of alternative modes of black women's presence and how this offers a resource for new modes of sociality.

This paper explores the increasingly complex dynamic for conducting long-term critical ethnographic research in school settings. With ever-increasing neoliberal forms of knowledge prescribing school practice and policy, school leaders may not value the focus and duration of ethnographic studies. In a results-oriented climate of K–12 education, conducting school ethnographies may depend on administrators' beliefs regarding the direct connection of the research to student achievement, the district's reputation, or a willingness to share in the stakes of the "public face" of research (Shulman, 1999). As researchers of culture and literacy, it is our contention that ethnographers have a valuable, sustaining role in school communities and that critical school ethnographies can be a tool for social justice as participants (researchers and school participants alike) can come together to engage in joint sense-making, problem solving, and social analysis of school practice and policy.

There is sparse research on playgroups for fathers, therefore, the benefits of such programmes are difficult to discern. However, there is much research on the positive developmental outcomes children experience with involved fathers (Appl, Brown, & Stone, 2008; Evans, Harrison, Rempel, & Slater, 2006; Green, 2003; Rosenberg & Wilcox, 2006). This research focused on a Dad's playgroup run as part of the Communities for Children Logan Project in south-east Queensland, Australia. The research found that the fathers gained positive results as being a part of the playgroup, including improved family functioning, a feeling of belonging to a community in which advice was freely available, improved relationships with their child/children and feelings that this programme met the unique needs of fathers when others in the community have not. These needs were met through the play environment, scheduling, staffing and support networks.

AbstractThis article combines the study of online narratives as social practices and the linguistic anthropological study of imagined communities, to examine a set of non-canonical narrative practices in a Facebook group for the Portuguese diaspora in France. Instead ofreportsofindividualmembers'pastexperiences, these narratives function asinvitationsto other group members to co-telltypical,sharedexperiences. Specifically, we investigate how group members share vacation trips to Portugal with each other in ways that produce a sense of collective and simultaneous experience. They accomplish this through deictically-based narrative strategies that shift the social, spatial, and temporal perspectives of narrating and narrated frames in ways that link the following: individualI'swith collectivewe's, one-time events with timeless event types, and co-presence online with co-presence on vacation. Through these strategies, participants connect Facebook narrations of vacations to the larger social project of diasporic longing for and return to Portugal.

The wide spread of mobile phones to many actors of aquaculture value chain have brought a new opportunity for enhancing access to aquaculture advisory and extension service in developing countries. Despite the potential shown by mobile phones in provision of other social economic services to both rural and urban communities, there are few studies presented how these tools facilitate access to aquaculture extension service among aquaculture farmers in the country, Tanzania. This article assesses how mobile phones can facilitate the provision of aquaculture extension service among aquaculture farmers in Tanzania. The article establishes an understanding on how aquaculture extension service is provided to aquaculture farmers through mobile phones using UshauriKilimo. UshauriKilimo is an agro-advisory and extension system which is now in use for more than two years. The article contributes to the existing body of knowledge with respect to ICT mediated aquaculture extension.

Abstract
The media is often said to be a weapon of war. It can contribute to fuel violence and spur ethnic hatred. It is, however, a double edged sword: it can also help de-escalate tensions and restore peace. In order to do so, journalism has to be not only balanced and independent, but it should also have an inclusive approach, giving space to marginalized voices and being sensitive to the needs of the whole community. Analysing different media initiatives in conflict and post-conflict zones (South Sudan, Burundi, Central African Republic and Georgia), this article will explore the following question: can inclusive journalism be a tool to rebuild divided communities? While acknowledging how difficult it is to operate in conflict zones and recognizing the limited impact that inclusive journalism can have, this study will mainly focus on the positive role that media can play and the opportunities it can create.

Abstract We document the economic and socio-cultural vulnerability of a forest-dependent community inhabiting the forest fringe island of Satjelia in the Indian Sundarban. Using simple artisanal methods, they have practiced traditional livelihoods like fishing and collecting wild honey from the forests for more than a century. Despite having established cultural integrity and traditional occupations, this group is not indigenous, and are therefore treated as 'others' and 'settlers.' An ethnographic study describes these various forms of livelihoods and the ways that threatens local subsistence. We also document the bureaucratic and hierarchical structure of protected area (PA) management, showing it has little or no accommodation of this community's local traditional knowledge. Finally, we ask whether there is any scope for integrating 'non-indigenous' environmental knowledge, for a more egalitarian transformation of socio ecological relations within these communities. Keywords: Conservation, conflict, indigenous, political ecology, Sundarban, traditional livelihoods

In recent years, the Sápmi region has witnessed an expansion of resource extraction activities. The enjoyment of human rights of the Sámi indigenous people will likely be challenged by extractive industries, unless effective measures are implemented to mitigate the possible effects of these activities. In this article, we explore the possibility of integrating human rights impact assessment (hria) in license granting mechanisms such as environmental impact assessment (eia). Our goal is to explore what international standards are available for conducting hrias and whether these would bring benefit to license granting processes. Based on our analysis, we recommend that the integration of hrias, particularly concerning Sámi rights, in response to resource developments in the Sápmi region, would on one hand bring a stronger normative value to such processes, offering a greater legal protection for Sámi, and on the other hand offer strengthened trust between communities and the companies, in resource extractions.

It is estimated that each year many people, most of whom are teenagers and young adults die by suicide worldwide. Suicide receives special attention with many countries developing national strategies for prevention. Since, more medical information is available in text, Preventing the growing trend of suicide in communities requires analyzing various textual resources, such as patient records, information on the web or questionnaires. For this purpose, this study systematically reviews recent studies related to the use of natural language processing techniques in the area of people's health who have completed suicide or are at risk. After electronically searching for the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and studying articles by two reviewers, 21 articles matched the inclusion criteria. This study revealed that, if a suitable data set is available, natural language processing techniques are well suited for various types of suicide related research.

Most community members are not accepting of individuals convicted for sexual offenses living in their communities, let alone having regular contact with them. However, a select number of community members choose to give their time to assist these individuals reintegrate from prison into the community. Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA) was developed as a way to address the issues that many individuals convicted of sex offenses face, that is, little to no prosocial support in the community. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 CoSA volunteers in New Zealand to gain a more thorough understanding of volunteers' motivation to be involved with CoSA. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Three key themes of motivation were identified: (a) Restorative and Justice-Based Motivation, (b) Altruistic Motivation, and (c) Faith-Based Motivation. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future recruitment of volunteers for CoSAs.

One of the oldest crimes against property, usually with a tough punishment for the perpetrators in the religions and communities has been theft. In explanation of the nature and causes of theft different theories have been presented, and this is indicative of multiple factors in the occurrence of theft. Totally theft isn't a specific type of behavior, but is a widely multiple behavior. Namely, in creating it does not merely one cause, in general, different factors such as family disputes, economic, and low income, addiction, immigration, education level, young age, and so are effective on theft (theft). The purpose of this paper is to examine the definition and types of theft under Iranian and federal law as well as contributing factors in the commission of theft and discovering interrelationships between sociological, psychological and physiological variables in incidence, prevalence and frequency and authorities planning to develop strategies to deal with this crime.

This is an edited version of a talk given by a human rights activist from Belfast on 26 June 2017 at a seminar, held at IRR, to discuss the implications of 'Brexit' on the Good Friday Agreement and the UK-Ireland Common Travel Area. The talk took place on the day of publication of the 'confidence and supply' agreement between the Democratic Unionist Party and the minority Conservative government. It discussed the prospects for the Good Friday Agreement in terms of the new alliance; whether populist anti-migrant racism will become institutionalised via discretionary border checks and entry decisions; how the ethos and actions of the UK Border Force fit with the peace settlement's promise of non-discriminatory, human rights-compliant and accountable policing, and whether Brexit spells the end of the Common Travel Area and the further isolation of migrant communities.