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Many studies have looked at resilience during natural disasters and national emergencies in a number of countries but hardly any have concentrated on developing countries and the implications of these nations' sub-standard healthcare infrastructure, culture practices and relaxed control systems. This paper examines resilience during Liberia's recent EBOLA epidemic and identifies lessons to be learned by others including executives of Non-Governmental Organizations frequently working on disaster relief projects in developing countries. The author builds on existing bodies of work and presents arguments on why governments in developing countries dealing with disaster management and disease emergencies should encourage communities to innovate autonomously as an important pathway to resilience. While the author does not provide specific recommendations, the paper proposes an approach that can connect the concerns of those implementing resilience initiatives and vulnerable populations by harnessing their potential for innovating autonomously

The approach uses interpertatif approach. This approach is used because the localinstitutional review requires adequate interpretation to explain his role in theempowerment of society. Data analysis tool used in this research is descriptive qualitativeand descriptive statistics using the rating scale. The conclusions obtained from this study,LPMK role in the empowerment. Despite the fact that these local institutions actually havethe potential to empower communities. Internal factors which can encourage the role oflocal institutions in empowering, namely: a) Commitment of personnel agencies in the lineof duty, b) Funding agencies, c) The role of local institutions that have been standard, d)The experience of institutions in empowerment, e) competence contained in the institution,f) Means-infrastructure institutions, and g). The relationship between the agency personnel.While external factors, a) village government support, b) the support of other institutions,and c) government support for CityKeywords: Empowerment, LPMK

This is a conference paper. ; In 2016, the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation(MDWS), Government of India (GoI) empanelled competent organizations and individuals to offer on-demand capacity building support and guidance on community wide approaches for sanitation to different districts and states in India. The Water Supply & Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC) is an UN agency and as an empanelled organization for training works closely with the district of Saharanpur towards making it an ODF district. Constantly looking for innovative ways to influence behaviour change, WSSCC deployed new tools of stunting and menstruation to galvanize communities to make Saharanpur an open defecation free district of Uttar Pradesh. It showed startling success in the district within few months without using cash incentive to propel behaviour change. This paper outlines the new methods and tools adopted for community wide approaches, its challenges and outcomes.

The study concerns the dynamics of the coastal activities of the harbor of Villefranche-sur-Mer. Borrowing the concepts of territorialities (Gunn; Var, 2002) or competitiveness of an aera (Wackermann, 1989), revisited in a historical perspective and development of natural territories (Bessy 2008), it explored the problem of the littoral development in the light of its past activities. Three periods succeed each other from the international trade stop, then from the military presence to the current tourist vocation leading to its "sportivation", especially in connection with the development of a local nautical offer. The articulation of these three periods determines the multiplicity of contemporary offerings which also involves the communities in a sustainability policy (sustainability of the sporting offer and protection of the marine biotope) through partnerships both scientific, National Center of Scientific Research (C.N.R.S.), and associations like A.I.D.A. (International Association for the Development of Apnea).

For decades, sustainability and, especially, long-term financial sustainability and transformation, primarily through structural and other modes of reform, have constituted major concerns and problems for the 'grass roots' Australian government. Usually the catalyst for change in these areas has emanated from state and territory jurisdictions which have imposed reforms, often with little regard for local councils or the communities they serve. Since August 2011, in New South Wales, a structured process of dialogue and consultation has been ongoing in the local government sector with the objective of implementing beneficial reform. The paper briefly explains this transformation initiative and particularly the NSW Government Fit for the Future (F4F) process and the current 35 council merger proposals. The process is considered from the perspective of a long-term local government practitioner, elected representative, Mayor, and former member of the NSW Local Government Acts Taskforce (LGAT).

Auf ehemals militärisch genutzten Liegenschaften wurden unterschiedliche Wiesen-, Magerrasen- und Pioniergesellschaften untersucht. Es werden Bestände der Sedo-Scleranthetea, Nardo-Callunetea, Festuco-Brometea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea und Isoeto-Nanojuncetea beschrieben. Das Grünland zeichnet sich durch Großflächigkeit und Artenarmut (insbesondere an Charakterarten) aus. Vor allem auf trockenen, nassen bzw. mageren Sonderstandorten kommen einzelne gefährdete Pflanzenarten vor. Die teils erheblichen nutzungsbedingten Vorbelastungen werden dargestellt und Entwicklungskonzep­te diskutiert. ; The plant communities of meadows, swards and pioneer sites are described for different conversion projects. Grassland was characterised by its wide and open extension and its relatively poor variety of species. Endangered plants were found especially on dry, wet and poor soils. The former land management was identified as a strong negative impact. On the contrary communi­ties of pioneer sites and heathlands could only develop under these specific conditions; for their preser­vation particular nature conservation measures are necessary. For using these areas in future, they must be differentiated in areas of main interest in view of nature conservation and disturbed areas for further urbanization.

The indigenous society of Lampung is divided into two large groups; Saibatin and Pepadun. Both societies has many diversities in origins, so the local government arrangements is stimulated in the consultative mechanism represented by punyimbang at each level within the representative agency called Perwatin ( Proatin ). With anthropologic analysis , this paper would like to emphasize the meaning , role and function of institutional of Perwatin and Kepunyimbangan for indigenous peoples of West Lampung, its relevance to contemporary of democratic values, and the opportunities and the existence of the traditional institutions in the implementation of the reform of Regional Autonomy Law . According to the findings of the research, prowatin and punyimbangan are still very important to be implemented in local communities in West Lampung. This is case due to democratic values and local wisdom in prowatin institutions and kepenyimbangan accordance with the conditions of the community and institutional environment in which it arise.

Abstract: less attention from the Government in considering the subdistrict aspirational society and in meeting the needs ofcommunities make communities living in poverty. Based on the background of the objectives in this research is toknow how the Government's empowerment villages in district North Tabukan District Sangihe, performance andeffectiveness in order to provide the service.Research methods used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Method of collecting Data through: interviews,documentation, the stages of data analysis that explains the stages of analysis on the research of Qualitative Deskritif, asfollows: reduction of data (data reduction), the presentation of the Data, draw conclusionsThe results showed the Government's Empowerment villages in district North Tabukan still hasn't been fullest it is causeddue to the lack of Government attention to the village against society. So what is the needs of the community are not in theknow by the Government of the village.Keywords: Empowerment, service, Government of the village

There is a belief that allowing communities monitoring power over providers could be beneficial for improving service delivery and reducing corruption in service delivery. In community monitoring interventions (CMIs), the community is given the opportunity to observe and assess providers' performance and provide feedback to providers and politicians. This systematic review and meta-analysis appraises and synthesises evidence on the effects of CMIs on access and quality of service delivery and corruption outcomes in low and middle-income countries. The results indicate evidence of beneficial effects of CMIs on service delivery quality and on helping to curb corruption. The potential benefits of CMIs on access to and quality of services are likely to be higher when interventions are designed so that contact between both actors are promoted, and tools for citizens to monitor agents' performance are provided. However, more rigorous research is needed to address this hypothesis.

This article investigates the linguistic-discursive construction of others in one international right-wing extremist online discussion forum. By means of a positioning analysis and an appraisal analysis, the article shows how reference to absent third parties is used to establish others as outgroups in forum posts aimed at an international audience. The analysis reveals an othering practice that links the online extremist discourse world with international and local as well as with political, social, and personal concerns, providing various opportunities for user affiliation. The results of this investigation contribute to understanding of the linguistic-discursive construction of online hate speech in multicultural virtual (rhetorical) communities; the study also highlights how social media and the use of English as a lingua franca combine to connect geographically and linguistically separate individuals and facilitate the globalization of extremist discourse through the construction of a shared discourse world online

Founded in 2007, Age-friendly NYC (AFNYC) is a partnership between the Office of the Mayor, the New York City Council, and the New York Academy of Medicine that works to maximize the physical, social, and economic participation of older people and thereby improve their overall health and wellbeing and strengthen communities. Among the "oldest" of the initiatives implementing the WHO age-friendly cities framework, AFNYC is in its second phase of implementation. This presentation will critically reflect on challenges of ownership, funding, and sustainability through political change and shifting priorities. In addition, it will highlight the evolution of our multi-sectoral work in housing, public safety, media, arts, and culture, and primary care. Finally, it will illustrate our successes and failures working to embed aging within existing and emerging efforts to achieve social justice, equity, and a culture of health within NYC.

The global energy system is undergoing a major transition, and in energy planning and decision-making across governments, industry and academia, models play a crucial role. Because of their policy relevance and contested nature, the transparency and open availability of energy models and data are of particular importance. Here we provide a practical how-to guide based on the collective experience of members of the Open Energy Modelling Initiative (Openmod). We discuss key steps to consider when opening code and data, including determining intellectual property ownership, choosing a licence and appropriate modelling languages, distributing code and data, and providing support and building communities. After illustrating these decisions with examples and lessons learned from the community, we conclude that even though individual researchers' choices are important, institutional changes are still also necessary for more openness and transparency in energy research.

The Teschen region experienced complex and throughout its historical development variable ethnical structure. At the beginning of the 19th century, Silesians were still considered to be a single nation, which had been divided as a result of the Habsburgs' defeat in the Silesian Wars. Language was not considered a criterion for national identity. At first the Czech and Polish communities worked together in the national political fight against Germans, but from 1880s onwards the Czech-Polish rivalry with strong manifestations of animosity prevailed. The tensions escalated during the censuses in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 when respondents declared one or another language of daily use (Umgangssprache). Thousands of immigrants especially from Galicia but also from Bohemian and Moravian midland streamed into the industrial parts of Teschen region. The battle to "recruit" these migrants was a characteristic feature of the nationalist agitation in the censuses.

The Teschen region experienced complex and throughout its historical development variable ethnical structure. At the beginning of the 19th century, Silesians were still considered to be a single nation, which had been divided as a result of the Habsburgs' defeat in the Silesian Wars. Language was not considered a criterion for national identity. At first the Czech and Polish communities worked together in the national political fight against Germans, but from 1880s onwards the Czech-Polish rivalry with strong manifestations of animosity prevailed. The tensions escalated during the censuses in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 when respondents declared one or another language of daily use (Umgangssprache). Thousands of immigrants especially from Galicia but also from Bohemian and Moravian midland streamed into the industrial parts of Teschen region. The battle to "recruit" these migrants was a characteristic feature of the nationalist agitation in the censuses. ; 7 ; 21

Since the early 1990s, at least 45 initiatives have been mounted to improve the environmental and social performance of the mining industry across the world. Many changes in the formal legal and regulatory systems have also been introduced. However, no systematic approach has been adopted to test whether this effort is making a useful difference. Without such monitoring of success, the ongoing tension between companies, communities, and governments regarding the role of mining in society will likely continue. This paper makes the case for using 'contribution analysis' to fill this gap, a systematic means to assess and track mining's contribution to human and ecosystem wellbeing over the full project and product lifecycles. This is a higher test than current practice. It brings out a fuller picture of the positives and negatives, provides greater opportunity for the perspectives of all interests to be heard, and is fairer.