Suchergebnisse

Several Member States of the European Union have concluded treaties and conventions with Third States dealing with questions of succession law in cross-border matters. Some of these treaties originate from the beginning of the 20th century and are outdated. The European legislator, however, cannot supersede these treaties and conventions unilaterally with its regulations, in fact they enjoy priority over the European Succession Regulation. The harmonizing effect of European private international law is hence endangered, the more so, as these treaties and conventions often cover large groups of third State nationals in the respective Member State. This book analyzes the background, scope and practical impact of bilateral treaties and multilateral conventions concluded by selected Member States of the European Union with third States, both from the European and the third State perspective. It evaluates the impact of these treaties and conventions on the functioning of the European Succession Regulation and the possibilities to facilitate the interplay between these instruments and European private international law. Anatol Dutta holds a Chair of Private Law, Private International Law and Comparative Law at the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich. Wolfgang Wurmnest holds the Chair of Private Law, Commercial Law, Private International and Comparative Law at the University of Augsburg.

The fight against the AIDS pandemic is one of the New Millennium's major challenges, particularly in Africa which has a large number of HIV-carriers. The measure of success to be achieved in this fight will depend on innovations that will be done in the manufacture and marketing of drugs capable of treating the disease. However, manufacturing and selling such drugs are in themselves not enough; the drugs must be accessible to the people who need them most of whom are poor. The aim of this study is to explore possibilities of manufacturing and marketing generic AIDS drugs at affordable costs. Studying the production and marketing of AIDS drugs on the international market is important for two reasons. First, AIDS is spreading, with disastrous social and economic consequences for countries in search of growth and development opportunities. In Congo-Brazzaville, for instance, statistics show a sharp increase in the number of AIDS cases. In fact, from 1986 to 1999, the number of infected persons increased from 3,000 to 13,798, that is, an increase of 359.9 percent in 13 years. According to WHO (2002), only 5 percent of AIDS patients in developing countries have access to anti-retroviral drugs, that is, about 230,000 people. Half of those people live in Brazil. Africa stands out as the continent most affected by the pandemic. Indeed, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 70 percent of the world's 40 million infected persons and only 50,000 patients can afford treatment, that is, less than 2 percent of the cases (Marchés Tropicaux et Méditerranéens – MTM, 2002). The second reason is that AIDS has been little researched and analyzed by social scientists, in spite of the magnitude of the pandemic and its catastrophic consequences (UNAIDS, 2002). Indeed, adequate multi-dimensional research should be carried out with a view to understanding the socio-economic dimensions of AIDS and identifying not only medical, but also social, economic and cultural solutions, among others, that could contribute to the eradication of the pandemic. This study focuses on two issues: the characteristics of the manufacture and international marketing of AIDS drugs, on the one h sibilities of reducing prices to make the drugs more accessible to poor countries, on the other.

Contestations of citizenship : an introduction / Patricia K. Kubow, Nicole Webster, Krystal Strong, & Daniel Miranda -- "Connected or disconnected" exploring the relationship between citizenship norms and other citizenship attitudes in young people / Cristóbal Villalobos, Diego Carrasco, Catalina Miranda, María Jesús Morel, Ernesto Treviño, & Andrés Sandoval-Hernández -- A daoist interpretation of global citizenship and implications for global citizenship education for youth / Charlene Tan -- Global citizenship and youth : profiles of perception of global threats / Ernesto Treviño, Rosario Escribano, Cristóbal Villalobos, Diego Carrasco, María Jesús Morel, Catalina Miranda, & Adolfo Rocuant -- Globalized local environmental conflicts in Mexican and Canadian youths' lives and schooling : silenced citizenship questions / Kathy Bickmore & Diana M. Barrero Jaramillo -- Contemporary youth social movements : the interdependency of digital affordances and youth agency / Keith Heggart & Rick Flowers -- Towards global digital citizenship : 'everyday' practices of young australians in a connected world / Anita Harris, Jessica Walton, Amelia Johns, & Gilbert Caluya -- "It takes a person" : youth activism, public health, and citizenship performance during Liberia's ebola epidemic / Jasmine L. Blanks Jones & Silas N. Juaquellie -- Conditions and contestations of youth citizenship in small town America / Heidi I. Fahning -- Crossing the great divide : youth historical consciousness as a bridge to civic identity in urban conflict zones in Jos, Nigeria / R. Nanre Nafziger -- Democracy as a principle for an early childhood education manager training program in Brazil / Janaina Vargas de Moraes Maudonnet & Maria Aparecida Guedes Monção -- New directions for citizenship, democracy, and education / Patricia K. Kubow, Nicole Webster, Krystal Strong, & Daniel Mir.