Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The article analyses the legal position of foreign visitors in late medieval Stockholm through the prism of the concept of legal certainty, which requires public, explicit and clear regulations, an institutionalized jurisdiction and equal, just and impartial judgments in court. The article concludes that the authorities in Stockholm strove to create legal certainty for foreign guests and that the regulated relationship between local hosts and visiting guests both provided a control mechanism for the authorities and security for the guests.

It is the thesis of this study that research into medieval communication, its audiences, purposes, and channels, plays a central role in a better understanding of the crusades. The Military Orders played a significant role in communication developments in Europe and the Levant, because their international character and the fact that their own survival relied on their ability to exchange accurate information in the shortest period. The significant increase in letter exchange, the acceleration of information transmission, and the new awareness of delivering reliable information in the shortest period, all these developments reflect the decisive role of the Military Orders in the emergence of a more communication-oriented society at the Late Middle Ages.

It is the thesis of this study that research into medieval communication, its audiences, purposes, and channels, plays a central role in a better understanding of the crusades. The Military Orders played a significant role in communication developments in Europe and the Levant, because their international character and the fact that their own survival relied on their ability to exchange accurate information in the shortest period. The significant increase in letter exchange, the acceleration of information transmission, and the new awareness of delivering reliable information in the shortest period, all these developments reflect the decisive role of the Military Orders in the emergence of a more communication-oriented society at the Late Middle Ages.

This book covers 70 years of history, during which Europe has changed profoundly, and – this is something we often forget – changed for the better. Our old continent, which was in ruins after the Second World War, found the energy to rise up out of the ashes. The contributions here go back over the highlights of this common history, from the creation of the European flag to the management of democratic and humanitarian crises, through the enlargement to east European countries after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Written by individuals who have worked for, or closely with, the Organisation, it paints a vivid picture – combining anecdotes with turning points in history – of what the Council of Europe has stood for since 1949, and of the values which it must continue to champion to keep the European ideal alive in people's hearts and minds.