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Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of developing a "qualified customer" model in Russia as an instrument of the government science and technology policy aimed at improving the efficiency of budgetary and extrabudgetary R&D expenditures, as well as at increasing the level of intellectual property commercialization. Methods. The article is based on the analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the development of R&D, various approaches and views of Russian authors on this problem, as well as the content of certain regulatory legal acts. Results and Discussion. Following the results of the research, the authors highlight the key properties and characteristics of the "qualified customer" model in Russia, among which are: 1) the curatorial (coordination) function of the government in terms of defining strategically important national science and technology goals in projects implemented using public funds; 2) the role of business (organizations of the real economy) as a guarantor of financing and subsequent commercialization of R&D with the simultaneous role of the goverment as a guarantor of benefits and preferences for the business sector; 3) the distribution of funding sources for R&D (from the government or business) depending on the nature of research and development (fundamental research is mainly publicly funded, while applied R&D is mainly supported by private funds); 4) long-term and uninterrupted R&D order fulfillment within specific projects in achieving the stated performance indicators; 5) participation of experts from different fields of activity in order to apply the acquired knowledge and developments in practice, including when creating new high-tech products and services. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used by executive authorities and relevant specialists in the process of developing regulatory documents governing the use of the "qualified customer" model in Russia. ; Klypin AV, Agamirova EV, Zharova EN. "Qualified Customer" Model in R&D ...

This study used the MMPI-2 to explore the personalities of yellow-belt and black-belt martial artists. A total of 40 participants completed the MMPI-2 and a demographic questionnaire. Black-belt females tended to be less defensive than were other martial artists, but also displayed
more paranoia and more anger than average. Females of both ranks reported a higher degree of anxiety and health concerns than did males in the study, and black-belt females also reported more family problems than did other groups. Finally, black belts in general reported more health concerns
than did yellow belts.

The authors measured the light-distribution patterns and the decay in light output of three mobility lights that visually impaired persons can use for night travel: the Wide-Angle Mobility Light (WAML), the Streamlight, and the Mag-Lite. The WAML had a wide beam with a medium-bright central region. The beam of the Streamlight had the brightest central region and a moderately wide surround of lower illumination. The Mag-Lite had the narrowest light distribution about a bright central spot. Both the Streamlight and the Mag-Lite maintained near-maximum brightness before undergoing rapid decay, while the WAML showed a gradual decay changing from near-maximum brightness to near extinction in almost a linear fashion 40 to 80 minutes after being turned on.

The development of technologies made the world "smaller" fostering the emergence of connections between all parts of the world. Under such conditions companies tend to evolve into internationalization process expanding to different markets, pushed by various goals and motives. International business and management have been trying to develop ideal framework allowing companies avoid risks and implement the most appropriative entry strategy. Among the most popular perspectives we can highlight the Resource based view, Transaction costs view, Institutional view, Uppsala model, among others. The work is based on the case study of CERAMIFOR company, which is Portuguese producer of heat treatment equipment. The company has a large experience of world activity and is now interested in expanding into the Russian market to widen customers' base and improve performance. Careful analysis of the Russian environment allowed to identify trends of the country's economy movement, crucial points in political and cultural life. According to collected information specific characteristics of the negotiation with Russian community were declared. Customers' database including most of companies from ceramic industry was organized. Concluding, results from joint theoretical approaches and the market analysis led to suggestions for CERAMIFOR potential entry strategy, which we think should focus on Export.