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Though research provides ample evidence that mindfulness shapes psychological processes and states that are linked to political attitudes and behavior, political science has so far largely ignored mindfulness as a potential explanatory factor shaping political attitudes and actions. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of mindfulness and outlines potential linkages between mindfulness and outlines political attitudes. I begin by identifying gaps in the literature on political attitude formation and change as well as its linkage to political behavior. I then introduce mindfulness as a multifaceted concept, discussing its definitional features and unravelling the mechanisms of mindfulness affecting cognitive and emotional abilities. Building on this foundation, I review research on correlates and effects of mindfulness on attitudes and behaviors related to the political domain, such as pro-environmentalism and pro-social behavior. Critically reflecting on extant research on mindfulness, I propose possible research avenues for political science that enhance its dialogue with neuroscience and social psychology.

AbstractNations with an abundance of natural resources suffer disproportionately from internal violence, especially civil wars. State reliance on external sources of rent revenue, or rentierism, can lead to violence for several reasons. This article examines three of the primary explanations for the association. A common explanation is that rebel groups are motivated to fight in pursuit of natural resource wealth. An alternative explanation is that grievances, at times resulting in violence, can manifest if rent revenue is used by the state to repress or ignore the citizenry. A third explanation notes that rentier states are structurally weak and therefore vulnerable to violent challenges because elites frequently use rent revenue for personal or political reasons, not national interest. This article also considers where this line of study might be headed, given recent developments. I suggest that future research on rentierism and violence should examine an array of rent revenue streams, not just natural resources. In addition, scholars should take note that resource industries are increasingly privatizing, which has important implications for the classification of rents and, more generally, the study of rentierism.

O PRESENTE artigo relata os resultados de um exercício de cenários políticos realizado pelo Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEA-USP) no quadro de um projeto mais amplo patrocinado pelo Executivo federal. Os autores traçam inicialmente um cenário positivo, caracterizado por estabilidade política, aperfeiçoamento do sistema de partidos e do Legislativo, e melhores políticas sociais. Passam, em seguida, a dois cenários negativos, nos quais aqueles objetivos dificilmente serão atingidos. Dado que a ocorrência do cenário positivo provavelmente exigirá reformas políticas substanciais, os autores analisam algumas das propostas debatidas ao longo das últimas duas décadas, notadamente as que objetivam fortalecer o sistema partidário, melhorar as relações Executivo versus Legislativo e tornar o sistema como um todo mais representativo (accountable). ; THIS article reports the results of a political scenario-building exercise carried out by the Institute of Advanced Studies within the framework of a larger project sponsored by the federal government. The authors first draw a positive scenario, characterized by political stability, improvement of the party system and of the legislative machinery, and better social policies. Next they turn to two negative scenarios, under which the above-mentioned goals seem unlikely to be reached. The positive scenario is unlikely to come about without substantial political reforms. An effort is therefore made to analyze reform proposals debated in the country over the last two decades, with special reference to those aiming to strengthen the party system, improve Executive versus Legislative relations and increase accountability in the political system as a whole.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- 1: The Discursive Psychology of Political Communication -- What Is Political Communication? -- Communication and Domains of Social Practice in the Age of Information -- Discursive Psychology, Political Discourse and Situated Social Practices -- Outline of Chapters -- Final Remarks -- References -- Part 1: Political Communication of Contentious Politics -- 2: Accusations and Denials of Racism in Dialogical Context -- Introduction -- Accusations of Racism -- A Dialogical Perspective -- The Research Context -- Empirical Example -- Discussion -- References -- 3: Lay Rhetoric on Brexit -- Brexit Ruptures -- Explaining Brexit: The Rise of "the People"? -- Taking "the People" Seriously: A Rhetorical Approach -- Everyday Rhetoric on Brexit: A Focus Group Study on the UK-EU Referendum -- Brexit Polarities: Leave and Remain Positions as Incommensurable -- Beyond Either/or: Ambivalence and Dilemmas in Constructions of Brexit -- Conclusions -- References -- 4: Extending the Boundaries of Political Communication: How Ideology Can Be Examined in Super-Rich Television Documentaries Using Discursive Psychology -- Viewing Entertainment Programmes on Television as Political -- Neoliberalism as a Dominant Ideology -- Representations of Economic Inequality -- Media Representations of Domestic Staff -- Method -- Analysis -- Domestic Staff as Essential -- Using Talk About Class to Account for Employing Staff -- Accounting for Unfairness and Sacrifices Made by Staff -- Discussion -- Entertainment Documentaries as a Form of Political Discourse -- Using Humour to Manage Stake -- Negotiating Ambiguity About Employing Domestic Staff -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of 'Brexit': Flagging the Nation in Political Cartoons.

Anyone who's had an argument about politics with a friend may walk away wondering how this friend could possibly hold the beliefs they do. A few self-reflective people might even wonder about their own political beliefs after such an argument. This book is about the reasons that people have, and could have, for political beliefs: the evidence they might draw on, the psychological sources of their views, and the question of how we ought to form our political beliefs if we want to be rational.

The book's twenty-four chapters are divided into four larger parts, which cover the following: (1) the differences between political and other types of beliefs, (2) theories of political belief formation, (3) sources of our political beliefs and how we might evaluate them, and (4) contemporary phenomena – like polarization, fake news, and conspiracy theories – related to political beliefs.

Along the way, the book addresses questions that will arise naturally for many readers, like:
Does the news you choose to watch and your own social media leave you stuck in an "information bubble"?
Are you committed to a certain ideology because of the history of your society?
Are people who believe "fake news" always acting irrationally?
Does democracy do a good job of figuring out what's true?
Are some political beliefs good and some evil?

As the book investigates these and other questions, it delves into technical, philosophical topics like epistemic normativity, the connection between belief and action, pragmatic encroachment, debunking arguments, and ideology critique. Chapter summaries and discussion questions will help students and all interested readers better grasp this new, important area on the border of politics and philosophy.

Key Features
Systematically covers the political turn in contemporary epistemology and integrates it with important work in other fields (like psychology and political science)
In addition to deep coverage of the nature of political belief, includes material on the ethics of political belief and how we ought to form our beliefs
Approaches topics that naturally interest students like political disagreement, fake news, conspiracy theories, and the morality of belief
Provides a Conclusion and Discussion Questions at the end of each chapter, prompting student readers to think more clearly and deeply about the material they've read

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 International license.

Multiculturalism has been one of the dominant concerns in political theory over the last decade. To date, this inquiry has been mostly informed by, or applied to, the Canadian, American, and increasingly, the European contexts. This volume explores for the first time how the Australian experience both relates and contributes to political thought on multiculturalism. Focusing on whether a multicultural regime undermines political integration, social solidarity, and national identity, the authors draw on the Australian case to critically examine the challenges, possibilities, and limits of multi