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Vierundzwanzig international renommierte Hegel-Forscher bewerten im zweihundertsten Jahr nach Erscheinen des ersten Bandes von Hegels Wissenschaft der Logik die Bedeutung des Werks im Kontext seiner Philosophie und unter dem Aspekt seines fortwirkenden Einflusses bis in die Debatten der Gegenwart.: : Vorwort Klaus Vieweg: : Einführender Beitrag von Hans Friedrich Fulda:Der eine Begriff als »das Freie« und seine mannigfaltigen Manifestationen. Zur Bedeutung spekulativer Logik für Hegels Philosophie des Geistes: : Anfang und Methode der LogikRolf-Peter HorstmannStephen HoulgateMichael WolffRober

[full article in Russian; summary in Lithuanian] Libraries play an important role in the formation of personality, patriotism and a sense of national pride, strengthening thecountry's authority in the international arena. The public mission of libraries is to collect and keep the national memoryof states, depositaries of treasures of knowledge and to provide access to this information to new generations. Among thetasks solved by libraries, the principles of their activities are to ensure the availability of cultural goods, to promote theprotection of historical, cultural and archaeological heritage. The article analyzes the current situation of legislation onthe protection of historical and cultural heritage. The author for the first time proposes a new approach in the science ofinternational law: to adopt the UNESCO Convention «On the protection of book monuments». ; [straipsnis rusų kalba; santrauka rusų kalba] В современном обществе библиотекам как хранилищам культурных ценностей отводится важнаяроль в формировании личности, воспитании патриотизма и чувства национальной гордости, укреплении авторитета страны на международной арене. Главная общественная миссия библиотек – бытьсобирателями и хранителями национальной памяти государств, депозитариями сокровищ знаний иобеспечивать доступ к этой информации новым поколениям. В числе задач, решаемых библиотеками,принципов их деятельности является обеспечение доступности культурных благ, содействие охранеисторико-культурного и археологического наследия. В предлагаемой статье анализируется современное состояние законодательства об охране историко-культурного наследия, составной частью которого являются библиотечный фонд, включающий книжные памятники.Автор впервые в науке международного права предлагает новый подход: принять конвенциюЮНЕСКО «Об охране книжных памятников».

Today, boards of directors are being examined as never before for their independence, integrity and effectiveness. The belief seems to be that independent directors will strengthen corporate boards by monitoring the actions of management and ensuring that management decisions are made in the best interest of the shareholders. Independent directors are now expected to make a more formal contribution to corporate governance than before. The importance of good governance is emphasized by both the USA and the UK governments? call for trustees and fund managers to intervene more proactively in the governance of companies, particularly in the light of dramatic examples of corporate failure such as Enron in the US and Parmalat in Italy where shareholder values have evaporated. Companies failed due to accounting scandals and the inability of the board to control a dominant and powerful chief executive officer. It is thus no secret that investors are looking increasingly to the independent directors on boards to be more effective in protecting their interests. This literature study aims to identify international best practice concerning the role of the board and more particularly that of the independent director in ensuring good corporate governance. The study is based on sources which include a large contingent of up to date sources on the subject ranging from newspaper articles, journal articles, various corporate governance codes, company reports and reports on governance such as Cadbury and Higgs.

Abstract
This article considers the ways that middle-class and elite citizens in post-revolutionary Mexico pursued access to exclusive favors from the state in the 1920s and 1930s and emphasizes the overlooked role of merit as political logic in this era. Examining political discourse within clientelist exchanges through the close reading of petitions, I explore ideas about class and nation as articulated by young strivers and their families who sought scholarships for foreign study. The article argues that working within clientelism, upwardly mobile Mexicans strategically wielded merit to preserve and legitimate their status amid social tectonic shifts. Petitioners' ideas of merit encompassed individual loyalty and patriotism, unique talents, and inherited status. I identify heritable and disciplinary merit as distinct yet compatible understandings of worthiness used by privileged citizens. These citizens claimed that exceptional Mexicans trained abroad would make an outsized contribution to the national well-being and thus deserved special rewards, an argument which anticipated rationales that the Mexican state would later embrace for its modernization policy. After 1940, the state expanded international scholarship programs and invoked the same terms that citizens had used in the early post-revolutionary period to justify socially regressive benefits providing foreign education for the already fortunate.

The "BRIC" term consisting of the first letters of Brazil, Russia, India, and China was first coined in 2001 by Jim O'Neill, the chief economist at the international investment company Goldman Sachs. These countries encompassing over 25% of the world's land coverage and 40% of the world's population and holding a combined GDP of 25% and assuming the leader role in terms of the developing countries have important differences apart from their similarities in their economies. The significant reason for their taking part in this group is that these countries have achieved rapid economic growth along with the economic reforms and transformation and take place near the top among the countries with the highest national income. The significant reason behind the becoming of these countries one of the major economies of the world after the 1980s is that the rapid growth in China and India and high incomes based on the natural resources wealth in Brazil and Russia. It is discussed that BRIC countries, which differ in many respects from their political regimes, development models and economic policies, leave their mark on the 21st century. In this study, the potentials of BRIC countries to become a global power in the future will be evaluated.

In the three decades since China's economic opening to the world, the country's integration into the global economy has progressed by leaps and bounds. Especially after joining the WTO in 2001, international trade and investment flows have been on a steep upward trajectory. This process was not only driven by market forces but heavily influenced by government intervention in commodity and financial markets. While government authorities are strongly determined to promote closer economic integration with the rest of the world, they seek to supervise and control the process in order to carve out maximum benefits for domestic enterprises and the economy as a whole. Balancing market forces and industrial policy strategy, political decision makers have worked out an elaborate framework of measures to create an environment conducive to the development of several sectors deemed backbone or pillar industries. As one of them, the steel industry is subjected to numerous measures steering its development both in the home market and at the global market interface. By examining these mechanisms, this article aims to illustrate that sectoral industrial policy in China does not push for expanding exports and investments across the board but carefully and discretionarily promotes global integration in some areas while delaying it in others.

Introduction: clearing the nuclear clouds / Jeffrey Laurenti -- Into the breach: the drive for a new global nuclear strategy / Joseph Cirincione and Carl Robichaud -- Rebuilding an unraveled consensus for sustainable nonproliferation / Jayantha Dhanapala -- Nuclear pessimism is not the answer / Michael Krepon -- Time for comprehensive policies on nuclear and biological weapons / Christopher F. Chyba -- Remembering nonproliferation principles / William C. Potter -- Restoring faith in the double bargain / Hanx Blix -- Market-fortified nonproliferation / Henry D. Sokolski -- Reversing the spread of nuclear weapons / Carl Robichaud

AbstractMounting an effective international humanitarian response to a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) event, especially if the response is undertaken on an ad hoc basis, would be extremely difficult and would pose many risks to the responders. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has created a competency-based capacity to respond to at least small-scale CBRN events, including a deployable capability to undertake operational activities. This involves informed assessments of CBRN risks, timely and competent decisions on how to respond, and effectively mobilizing appropriate resources to implement these decisions, through the creation of an emergency roster. In addition to the acquisition of technical expertise and material resources, the creation of such capacity requires the application of central processes, ensuring systematic management of CBRN response (including risk-based decision-making), standing operational procedures, and availability of and access to the necessary resources. Implementation of the ICRC's CBRN response framework as described in this article should be considered by any agency or other stakeholder preparing for international humanitarian assistance in CBRN events – especially if such events are related to armed conflict.

"February 9, 2000." ; Shipping list no.: 2000-0170-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; "Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations." ; At head of title: 106th Congress, 2d session. Senate. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Despite considerable tensions, China and India formed a surprising alliance at the WTO. Their alliance proved highly successful, bringing an end to American dominance and sharply curtailing the ability of the US to set the rules of global trade. However, the article shows, a key risk of soft balancing within an international institution is that, if successful, it may cause the dominant power to abandon the institution altogether. The US responded to China and India's soft balancing by turning away from the WTO, actively undermining its rules and enforcement mechanism, and pursuing its interests through bilateral channels. The article thus identifies a distinct and previously unrecognized wedge strategy—vertical forum-shifting, or moving the action from international institutions to bilateral negotiations, to split an adversary coalition. (J Contemp China/GIGA)