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Combinations of national and international, hard and soft powers, known as Smart Mixes, have been proposed as a way for governments in consumer countries to influence the behaviour of supply chain actors who operate outside their jurisdiction. However, the Smart Mix concept has not yet been precisely defined, which has hindered its operationalization as a means of analyzing the governance of long and complex international supply chains. The aim of this contribution is to derive a working definition of Smart Mixes and use it to create and demonstrate a generalizable analytical tool that facilitates identification of whether a Smart Mix exists in an international supply chain. To address this aim, we reviewed existing literature on Smart Mixes to define the concept, which led to a three-step process for analyzing a supply chain. In a second stage, we demonstrate the process by applying it to the example of organic imports into Switzerland, using data from expert interviews and existing public documentation. The application showed that the governance of the organic sector in Switzerland related to imported products fulfils the criteria for it to be considered a Smart Mix that enables the Swiss Government to influence the behaviour of supply chain actors outside its jurisdiction. This example shows that the proposed Smart Mix concept is sound under particular circumstances: in this case, when the interests of the public and private sectors are aligned so that binding public measures provide protection to the private sector. These circumstances are not unique to organic imports into Switzerland, which allows the conclusion that Smart Mixes may provide sustainability solutions in other international supply chains.

Item 1039-A, 1039-B (microfiche) ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 78 H461-80 ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; "November 1978." ; At head of title: 95th Congress, 2d session. Committee print. No. 21. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 78 H522-15 ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Considers Soviet and U.S. economic and foreign aid policies and their role in creating Communist- and non-Communist-bloc alliances. ; Record is based on bibliographic data in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index. Reuse except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; Indexed in CIS US Congressional Committee Hearings Index Part VI ; Considers Soviet and U.S. economic and foreign aid policies and their role in creating Communist- and non-Communist-bloc alliances. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Russia has regarded its incontestable diplomatic success in the Iraq crisis of 1997/98 as its comeback as a world power and at the same time a decisive step on the way to a new "multipolarity" in world politics after the Cold War - the topic of the first of these two Berichte ("reports"). It is the goal of Foreign Minister Yevgeny Primakov to compensate for the enormous weaknesses of today's Russia by means of deft diplomacy, above all by mediating in crises, thus demonstrating Russia's decisive presence in international affairs. By again playing a "great power" role, he apparently wants to help create the new internal consensus necessary to reconsolidate the state. The obvious weaknesses of the American strategy in face of the Iraq crisis - weaknesses which to a decisive extent were a consequence of the special dilemmas posed by an implicitly terrorist challenge with chemical and biological weapons - were made use of by Moscow as an opportunity for its re-entry into world politics. (BIOst-Dok)

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the possible impact of the most recent international authoritarian populist tendencies on sub-Saharan African political systems. Contrary to the main currents of interpretation, this paper argues that we are not in face of a new international influence or role model being locally followed, but in face of the most recent example of a long political-historical path of selective assimilation of international trends to local political systems as structured after independence. We are not witnessing to poor local replicas of the most recent international wave of authoritarian populism of 2010s, but to another selective assimilation of political features to serve the existing and locally dominant systems. Through the analysis of the specific cases of Mozambique and Angola, this paper theoretically and historically discusses the nature of regimes and political systems through a critical approach on the most recent historical/political science discussions of so-called hybrid regimes, combining liberal and illiberal features, that resort to concepts such as illiberal democracies, façade democracies, electoral autocracies, semi-authoritarian states, competitive authoritarian regimes, post-neo-liberal States, or new competitive authoritarian regimes, among others.

In accordance with United Nations General Assembly resolution, the year 2019 was proclaimed the International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was designated as the lead organization for its implementation. At the present day, the UNESCO is the largest UN specialized agency with broad competence in providing interstate collaboration in the area of science, capable of playing a unique role for promotion of peace and sustainable development. The establishment of UN observances stimulates interest in the activities and programs of the organization in these areas, and also contributes to the intensification of activities at the international level. The proclamation of 2019 as the International Year of the Periodic Table is a recognition of the important role of the basic sciences, in particular, achievements in the field of chemistry and physics, in addressing the numerous development challenges that the world is currently facing in implementing the United Nations "2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". The International Year under the auspices of UNESCO provides an opportunity to mobilize all interested parties around the topic of science for peace and development – from government officials to media representatives and schoolchildren.

National level smoke-free legislation is implemented to protect the public from exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS). The first aim of this study was to investigate how successful the smoke-free hospitality industry legislation in Ireland (March 2004), France (January 2008), the Netherlands (July 2008), and Germany (between August 2007 and July 2008) was in reducing smoking in bars. The second aim was to assess individual smokers' predictors of smoking in bars post-ban. The third aim was to examine country differences in predictors and the fourth aim was to examine differences between educational levels (as an indicator of socioeconomic status). This study used nationally representative samples of 3147 adult smokers from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys who were surveyed pre- and post-ban. The results reveal that while the partial smoke-free legislation in the Netherlands and Germany was effective in reducing smoking in bars (from 88% to 34% and from 87% to 44%, respectively), the effectiveness was much lower than the comprehensive legislation in Ireland and France which almost completely eliminated smoking in bars (from 97% to 3% and from 84% to 3% respectively). Smokers who were more supportive of the ban, were more aware of the harm of SHS, and who had negative opinions of smoking were less likely to smoke in bars post-ban. Support for the ban was a stronger predictor in Germany. SHS harm awareness was a stronger predictor among less educated smokers in the Netherlands and Germany. The results indicate the need for strong comprehensive smoke-free legislation without exceptions. This should be accompanied by educational campaigns in which the public health rationale for the legislation is clearly explained.

The third session of the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts was held from 21 April to 11 June 1976, at the International Conference Centre, Geneva. It was presided over by Mr. Pierre Graber, Federal Councillor and head of the Federal Political Department.