Suchergebnisse

However, due to their opposition Lithuania's achievements were not significant at the international level.

However, due to their opposition Lithuania's achievements were not significant at the international level.

However, due to their opposition Lithuania's achievements were not significant at the international level.

South-South cooperation is grounded in the idea that partners from the developing world are well placed to propose solutions inspired by their own experiences. A study of the dynamics of the circulation of instruments of public policy framed in the agricultural sector between Brazil and Sub-Saharan Africa under the Lula administration (2003–2010) reveals that political entrepreneurs play a key role in the early transfer stages of this process and that a technical logic of policy transfer through South-South cooperation may pose important challenges to the later stages of reception and adaptation. A notion of complementarity between agribusiness and family farming that reflects recent governmental discourse has been influential in the formulation of initiatives.

Die Arbeit diskutiert, ob eine Völkerrechtsverletzung begriffsnotwendiger Inhalt einer "Bedrohung des Friedens" gemäß Art. 39 der UN-Charta ist. Die Frage ist insbesondere im Hinblick auf den internationalen Terrorismus und die Aufrüstung mit Massenvernichtungswaffen von großer praktischer Bedeutung.Der Autor analysiert zunächst die Resolutionen des Sicherheitsrates und nimmt eine Auslegung der UN-Charta vor. Auf Grund des Ergebnisses, dass eine Völkerrechtsverletzung eine Handlungsvoraussetzung darstellt, prüft der Autor im Anschluss die Anforderungen an den Völkerrechtsverstoß, die Auswirkungen auf die Effektivität der Maßnahmen des Sicherheitsrats, sowie eventuelle Ausnahmen von dem Tatbestandsmerkmal

The study of power and the practice of negotiation / I. William Zartman and Jeffrey Z. Rubin -- Asymmetry in negotiating the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement, 1985-1987 / Gilbert R. Winham and Elizabeth DeBoer-Ashworth -- US-Indonesian negotiations over the conditions of aid, 1951-1954 / Timo Kivimäki -- US-Egyptian aid negotiations in the 1980s and 1990s / William M. Habeeb -- The Andorra-European Community Trade Agreement negotiations, 1979-1987 / Guy Olivier Faure and Patrick Klaousen -- Nepal-India water resource relations / Dipak Gyawali -- The impact of multiple asymmetries on Arab-Israeli negotiations / Saadia Touval -- Asymmetry in multilateral negotiation between North and South at UNCED / Gunnar Sjöstedt -- Compensating for weak symmetry in the Mali-Burkina Faso conflict, 1985-1986 / Jean-Emmanuel Pondi -- Seeking honor under strong symmetry in the Korean War armistice negotiations / Xibo Fan -- Lessons for practice / Jeswald W. Salacuse -- Symmetry and asymmetry in negotiation / I. William Zartman and Jeffrey Z. Rubin

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern theoretical and practical problems of international terrorism counteraction. Special attention is paid to more precise definition of specific character of international terrorism, determination of purposes of its existence and spread, socio-psychological and international political aims of terrorist acts organizers. In conclusion a number of practical recommendations for improving the mechanism of international terrorism counteraction in the twenty-first century are proposed. ; Содержит политико-социологический анализ современных теоретических и практических проблем противодействия международному терроризму. Особое внимание уделяется уточнению специфики международного терроризма, определению причин его существования и распространения, освещению социально-психологических и международно-политических целей организаторов террористических актов. В заключение предлагается ряд практических рекомендаций для совершенствования механизма противодействия международному терроризму в XXI в.

Translated from the author's Los principios del derecho público en Francisco de Vitoria. ; Bibliography: p.[109]-116. ; Mode of access: Internet.

SummaryThis article addresses the responsibility of Canada for ensuring that Canadian transnational mining corporations do not cause environmental harm in other countries. The author discusses the liability of parent companies under Canadian law for the actions of their subsidiaries abroad and considers the jurisdictional and choice of law problems in bringing a tort action in Canadian courts. The author also considers the implications under international law of any extraterritorial application of Canadian law.

Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- 1 An Introduction to Child Soldiering, Its Images, and Realities -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Aim and Structure of the Book -- 1.1.2 Definition of the Term Child Soldier -- 1.1.3 Child Soldiers in International Law -- 1.2 Images of Child Soldiers and Their Influence on International Policy -- 1.2.1 The Passive Victim Image -- 1.2.2 The Dangerous Demon Image -- 1.2.3 Common Features -- 1.2.4 Influence on International Policy -- 1.2.5 The Hero Image -- 1.3 Child Soldiers' Experiences and Their Gendered Dimensions -- 1.3.1 Recruitment -- 1.3.1.1 The Voluntary Recruitment Controversy -- 1.3.1.2 Child Soldiers' Reasons for Recruitment -- 1.3.1.3 Recruiters' Reasons for Recruitment -- 1.3.2 Experiences During Conflict -- 1.3.2.1 Child Soldiers as Victims -- 1.3.2.2 Child Soldiers as Perpetrators -- 1.3.3 Post-conflict Experiences -- 1.3.3.1 Participation in Violence as a Source of Stigmatization and Rejection -- 1.3.3.2 The Gendered Dimensions of Stigmatization -- 1.4 The Ambivalence of the Passive Victim Discourse -- 1.4.1 Adverse Consequences of the Passive Victim Image -- 1.4.1.1 For Child Soldiers -- 1.4.1.2 For Children's Rights -- 1.4.1.3 For Receiving Communities -- 1.4.1.4 For Societies -- 1.4.1.5 For Gender Equality -- 1.4.2 Conclusion: The Need to Acknowledge Child Soldiers' Agency -- 1.5 Agency and Accountability -- References -- 2 Child Soldiers and Non-Prosecutorial Transitional Justice -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Transitional Justice -- 2.3 Truth Commissions -- 2.3.1 South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission -- 2.3.2 Sierra Leone's Truth and Reconciliation Commission -- 2.3.3 Liberia's Truth and Reconciliation Commission -- 2.3.4 Conclusion -- 2.4 Traditional Processes -- 2.4.1 Traditional Justice Processes

On 29 November 2005, the European Union (EU) unilaterally introduced a tariff of €176 per tonne to apply from 1 January 2006 to bananas imported from countries enjoying the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status. The new EU trade policy includes a duty-free annual import quota of 775,000 tonnes for bananas originating from African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. This regime replaces the very complex and highly contested tariff-rate quota policy in place in the EU between 1993 and 2005. However, the banana international trade war very likely has not come to an end. Several Latin American countries have announced their intention to challenge the new EU trade policy by initiating a new WTO complaint. In this paper, we first propose an analysis of the two WTO arbitration awards that ruled against the initial EU tariff proposals. We show that the arbitrators' awards are incomplete notably because they do not explain why CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) import unit values in the EU-15 from MFN suppliers are much higher than FOB (Free on Board) export unit values in corresponding MFN countries adjusted by all relevant costs that should theoretically be added to transform FOB into CIF prices. One plausible explanation to this apparent paradox is that reported CIF prices include at least part of quota rents generated by the tariff-rate quota policy. On this basis, we analyse the impacts of different MFN tariff levels on EU banana imports under contrasting hypotheses regarding, first whether the price gap between CIF and FOB unit values does include at least part of quota rents, second whether banana exports to the EU from Western African ACP countries were constrained under the previous regime where a specific import quota were reserved to ACP countries. We also analyse the consequences of an "augmented" tariff-only import regime including a MFN tariff and a duty-free import quota for ACP bananas.