Suchergebnisse

W roku 2011, na mocy decyzji administracyjnej, dokonano korekty podziału polskiej nauki na dziedziny i dyscypliny naukowe. W rezultacie takiego procesu zmieniła się przynależność dziedzinowa m.in. nauk o polityce. Do 30 września 2011 r. dyscyplina ta zaliczana była do dziedziny nauk humanistycznych, a po tej dacie włączono ją do nowej dziedziny nauk społecznych, która została wyodrębniona w wyniku podziału tej pierwszej. Ponieważ zmiana ta wywołała trwającą do dziś dyskusję na temat celowości dokonanej reformy także wśród politologów, ważnym zadaniem podjętych badań była próba potwierdzenia tezy, wg której decyzja taka była uzasadniona merytorycznie. Założono bowiem, że dyscyplina nauki o polityce, w porównaniu z dyscyplinami nauk humanistycznych, ma więcej cech wspólnych z innymi dyscyplinami zaliczonymi do dziedziny nauk społecznych. Ponadto, poprzez ustalenie nowego wykazu dziedzin i dyscyplin naukowych, administracyjne podziały w polskiej nauce zostały w znacznym stopniu dostosowane do klasyfikacji dziedzin i dyscyplin wypracowanych na forum OECD, UNESCO i EUROSTAT, co ułatwi internacjonalizację współpracy naukowej. Na forach tych organizacji i instytucji, a co za tym idzie także w wielu ich państwach członkowskich, już wcześniej podzielono nauki humanistyczne – kiedyś zamiennie nazywane naukami społecznymi – na dwie dziedziny: nauk społecznych i nauk humanistycznych. W celu potwierdzenia słuszności ww. tezy w toku rozważań konieczne było: ustalenie współczesnego pojmowania istoty specjalności naukowej, dyscypliny naukowej i dziedziny nauki; wskazanie najważniejszych podziałów w nauce; podjęcie próby określenia specyfiki dziedziny nauk humanistycznych oraz dziedziny nauk społecznych, a także ukazanie relacji nauk o polityce z tymi dziedzinami nauk. Ocena intensywności takich relacji umożliwiła potwierdzenie słuszności przyjętej tezy. ; By virtue of an administrative decision, the division of Polish academia into fields and disciplines was verified in 2011. It is owing to this process that political science, among others, was reassigned in Poland. Before September 30, 2011, political science was classified as one of the humanities, but later on it was included in the new field of the social sciences, created as a result of the division of the humanities. This decision started an ongoing discussion, also in the circles of political scientists, on the issue of how advisable this change is, and it has become an important task to confirm the thesis that this decision was substantially justified. It is assumed that political science as a discipline has more in common with other disciplines assigned to the social sciences than the humanities. Additionally, by way of developing a new register of academic fields and disciplines, the administrative divisions in Polish academia were to a large extent aligned with the classification of fields and disciplines adopted by the OECD, UNESCO and EUROSTAT, which will facilitate the internationalization of academic collaboration. The above organizations and institutions, and – consequently – some of their member states, have already divided the humanities, which used to be alternatively named social sciences, into two separate fields: the social sciences and the humanities. In order to justify the above-mentioned thesis it was necessary to determine how academic specialization, discipline and field of science are perceived today; to indicate the essential divisions in academia; to attempt to define the specific nature of the humanities versus social sciences; and to present the relations of political science to the latter category. The assessment of how intensive these relations are, made it possible to confirm that the above-mentioned thesis is justified.

pt. 4. The child labor problem: Child labor legislation, by Mrs. F. Kelly. Child labor in the department store, by F. N. Brewer. Necessity for factory legislation in the South, by H. Robbins. Child labor in New Jersey, by H. F. Fox. Child labor in Belgium, by E. Dubois. Machinery and labor, by H. White.--pt. 5. Factory legislation and inspection: Tendencies of factory legislation and inspection in the United States, by Sarah S. Whittelsey.--pt. 6. Juvenile courts: Probation and juvenile courts, by Mrs. E. E. Williamson. The juvenile court in Philadelphis, by A. M. Beitler. Juvenile courts in Buffalo, by F. Almy.--pt. 7. Proceedings of annual meeting. ; pt. 1. The annual address: Social effects of transportation, by M. A. Knapp.--pt.2. Industrial conciliation and arbitration; Industrial conciliation and arbitration, by M. A. Hanna. Limitations of conciliation and arbitration, by S. Gompers. Results accomplished by Industrial department, National civic federation, by O. S. Straus. Cooperation of labor and capital, by W. H. Pfahler. Harmonizing labor and capital by means of industrial partnership, by A. Purves.--pt. 3. The housing problem: Tenement house regulation; the reason for it; its proper limitations, by R. W. De Forest. Housing problem in Chicago, by Jane Addams. Certain aspects of the housing problem in Philadelphia, report by the Octavia Hill association. Housing conditions in Boston, by R. T. Paine. Housing conditions in Jersey City, by Mary B. Sayles. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Modern political science, as a discipline, has failed to recognize the crisis of public philosophy. This may stem from the fact that modern political science is based on hostility toward constitutionalism & that the crisis of public philosophy has been influenced by a correlating crisis of constitutionalism in the US. A divide has developed between those who support constitutionalism & those who support the administrative state. Meanwhile, though the Constitution continues to influence contemporary politics, a reliance on constitutionalism is no longer sufficient. The Constitution never pretended to be the means by which a "good society" would be constructed. Instead, the founders focused on limiting government & defending the peoples' rights in the hope that the US would escape the tyranny, religious & otherwise, that prevailed within other political systems. K. A. Larsen

COMPARED TO CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHYSICS AIMS AT BEING QUANTITIVE RATHER THAN EXACT, QUOTES FACTS RATHER THAN AUTHORITIES, IS ON THE LOOKOUT FOR UNIVERSAL LAWS THAN ANALYSIS. THIS ARTICLE INTRODUCES INTO POLITICAL SCIENCE THE USE OF ALGEBRAIC MODELS RATHER THAN STATISTICS AND CALCULATIONS RATHER THAN PHILOSOPHY AND THEORETICAL METHODOLOGY.

Political scientists want to do good. They want to expand knowledge about political life, but also they wish to use knowledge for political reform. Usually this means desiring to promote "democratization." Historically democracy and political science have tended to develop together. In modest ways political science can contribute to the emergence of democracy. Political reform succeeds best if it occurs incrementally, in the spirit of "one soul at a time."