1. This report presents findings from eight national studies into the governance of five European food value chains: liquid cow's milk, beef steak, farmed salmon, processed tomato, and bread from wheat. Each study evaluates the governance of the value chain through the different stages of production, processing and retail, following the transformation from farmed/grown commodity to final food product. The studies are situated within broad regulatory frameworks of state-led policies at the European and national level, while also encompassing governance initiatives originating from corporate and societal actors. A Global Value Chains governance approach was used to create an initial characterization of value chain structures and inter-firm relationships. This provided a starting point for further analysis of individual value chain dynamics and relationship interactions. Attention is paid, where relevant, to issues such as value chain structure and product flow, industry structure and concentration, contractual arrangements, price negotiations, trade, consumption patterns and different EU and state led regulatory interventions. The research draws on existing literatures and documentary sources, further exploring stakeholder perspectives through a series of 50 qualitative in-depth interviews across the five value chains. Interviews allowed for a deeper exploration of the different perceptions of relationships dynamics felt by actors across each value chain. 2. The introductory chapter elaborates on the aims of the research task, and on both the conceptual approaches to governance used and the research methods deployed. The chapter also explains in more detail some of the key findings from across the different food value chains studied and reflects on the implications of these findings. There are a total of eight nationally located studies with the findings from each one presented subsequently as a separate chapter in the report: Dairy cows to liquid milk in France, Britain and Germany; Beef cattle to steak in ...
1. This report presents findings from eight national studies into the governance of five European food value chains: liquid cow's milk, beef steak, farmed salmon, processed tomato, and bread from wheat. Each study evaluates the governance of the value chain through the different stages of production, processing and retail, following the transformation from farmed/grown commodity to final food product. The studies are situated within broad regulatory frameworks of state-led policies at the European and national level, while also encompassing governance initiatives originating from corporate and societal actors. A Global Value Chains governance approach was used to create an initial characterization of value chain structures and inter-firm relationships. This provided a starting point for further analysis of individual value chain dynamics and relationship interactions. Attention is paid, where relevant, to issues such as value chain structure and product flow, industry structure and concentration, contractual arrangements, price negotiations, trade, consumption patterns and different EU and state led regulatory interventions. The research draws on existing literatures and documentary sources, further exploring stakeholder perspectives through a series of 50 qualitative in-depth interviews across the five value chains. Interviews allowed for a deeper exploration of the different perceptions of relationships dynamics felt by actors across each value chain. 2. The introductory chapter elaborates on the aims of the research task, and on both the conceptual approaches to governance used and the research methods deployed. The chapter also explains in more detail some of the key findings from across the different food value chains studied and reflects on the implications of these findings. There are a total of eight nationally located studies with the findings from each one presented subsequently as a separate chapter in the report: Dairy cows to liquid milk in France, Britain and Germany; Beef cattle to steak in ...
The Chinese public's domestic expectation is that its state will ensure a safe and affordable supply of food. However, in doing so, China has acquired large amounts of farmland abroad which has raised concerns among many developing countries. It has been argued that land grabbing in the developing world is a form of neo-colonialism. This role of a colonial power is in conflict with China's historical role, which presents China as a leader of the developing world. In order to bring these role expectations into conformity with each other, China has taken a more active role in global food security governance. It has brought food security to what is becoming the core of the global governance decision-making system, the G20. China's historical role, together with its growing economic power, has helped to push the G20 to understand the importance of food security. This has shifted the G20's understanding of economic global governance away from the traditional fields of banking and trade regulation toward understanding the developmental-oriented economic structure. (J Contemp China/GIGA)
"This volume gathers a variety of applications for remote sensing of vegetation health (VH) and concretely shows how this information can be used in service of ending hunger and of ensuring future food security. In this book's ten chapters, Dr. Felix Kogan, one of the most prolific scientists in this sphere, shows how a new VH method, designed from operational environmental satellite data, can be used to provide advanced predictions of agricultural losses, helping to enhance food security and reducing the number of hungry people. Topics covered include the scientific basis of the VH method, drought monitoring, prediction of short-term agricultural yield and crop insurance, and impacts of long term climate variability an change on food security. Short discussion on VH for human health-related topics such as detection and prediction of malaria and fire risk is included, as well."--Publisher's description
The aim of this dissertation is to better understand the functioning of the organic food market in Switzerland. Over the last three decades the market for organic food in Switzerland has developed positively and continues to grow steadily. Understanding what drives and hinders consumption is crucial for those producing and marketing organic food as well as for agricultural policy makers. This dissertation sheds light on the demand for organic food for the years 2006 to 2011 from different perspectives and identifies factors affecting purchase decisions. In the second chapter, product characteristics that are of importance to organic food consumers are identified. Accordingly, unprocessed products that have been produced in Switzerland have an advantage on the market. It is also shown that the price is an important criterion since consumers compare organic food with their conventional counterpart rather than with other organic alternatives. The third chapter investigates the connection between culture and organic food consumption. This relationship was thus far addressed by comparing linguistic groups from different countries with one another. By comparing language groups of the same country within the framework of this dissertation, the influence of culture can be assessed more accurately than has been done in previous studies as large institutional differences do not apply. Some of the socio-demographic influencing factors that have already been identified in the past can be confirmed. The influence of culture is, however, the largest. Hence, a Röstigraben between German- and French-speaking Switzerland regarding organic food exists. The final chapter of this dissertation explores the effect of income and prices on organic food consumption. Thereby, different approaches for the estimation of demand elasticities are compared. As demand elasticities are an important part of computable equilibrium models used to predict the impact of agricultural policies, the methodology for the elasticity estimation must be chosen with care. To investigate the influence of the methodological approach on the outcome of the elasticity estimation, five versions of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) are compared. The study reveals a shortcoming of the widely-used consistent two-step estimation of the quadratic AIDS (QUAIDS) model and the approach of Shonkwiler and Yen (1999): the non-fulfilment of the homogeneity of the elasticities. Hence, the two-step estimation procedure does not comply with the initially imposed conditions of demand theory. The non-fulfilment is addressed by reformulating the QUAIDS model. This refined model does not fully comply with the conditions of demand theory but is the so far best possible solution when the approach of Shonkwiler and Yen (1999) and the QUAIDS model are combined. ; Das Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es, das Verständnis für den Schweizer Markt für BioLebensmittel zu verbessern. Über die letzten drei Jahrzehnte hat sich der Bio-Markt in der Schweiz sehr positiv entwickelt und wächst weiterhin kontinuierlich. Die Treiber und Hemmnisse in Bezug auf den Konsum zu kennen, ist sowohl für diejenigen, die Bio-Lebensmittel produzieren und vermarkten, als auch für agrarpolitische Entscheidungsträger erfolgsentscheidend. Diese Dissertation betrachtet den Markt für Bio-Lebensmittel für den Zeitraum 2006 bis 2011 aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln und zeigt Faktoren auf, die die Kaufentscheidung beeinflussen. Im zweiten Kapitel werden Produktcharakteristika, die für die Bio-Konsumentinnen und -Konsumenten von Bedeutung sind, identifiziert. Demnach haben unverarbeitete Produkte, die in der Schweiz produziert wurden, einen Vorteil auf dem Markt. Weiterhin kann aufgezeigt werden, dass der Preis ein wichtiges Entscheidungskriterium ist, da die Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten Bio-Lebensmittel eher mit der konventionell produzierten Alternative vergleichen als mit anderen Bio-Produkten. Im dritten Kapitel wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Kultur und dem BioKonsum untersucht. Bisher wurde dieser Zusammenhang untersucht, indem verschiedene Sprachgruppen aus unterschiedlichen Ländern miteinander verglichen wurden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit kann der Einfluss der Kultur durch den Vergleich verschiedener Sprachgruppen in ein und demselben Land präziser abgeschätzt werden als in bisherigen Studien, weil die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen sehr ähnlich sind. Einige der soziodemografischen Einflussfaktoren, die bereits in früheren Studien untersucht wurden, können in der Analyse bestätigt werden. Den stärksten Einfluss hat jedoch die Kultur. Demnach existiert auch beim Bio-Konsum ein Röstigraben zwischen der Deutsch- und der französischsprachigen Schweiz. Das letzte Kapitel dieser Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss von Einkommen und Preisen auf den Bio-Konsum. Dabei werden verschiedene Ansätze für die Schätzung von Nachfrageelastizitäten miteinander verglichen. Da Nachfragelastizitäten ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Gleichgewichtsmodellen sind und für die quantitative Abschätzung der Auswirkungen agrarpolitischer Massnahmen damit von grosser Bedeutung, sollte die Methode zur Schätzung der Elastizitäten mit Bedacht gewählt werden. Um den Einfluss der Methodenwahl auf das Ergebnis der Elastizitätenschätzung abzuschätzen, werden fünf Versionen des Almost Ideal Demand Systems (AIDS) verglichen. Die Studie deckt dabei eine Schwachstelle des weit verbreiteten zweistufigen Schätzverfahrens des quadratischen AIDS-Modells (QUAIDS) und der Methode von Shonkwiler und Yen (1999) auf: Die Nichteinhaltung der Homogenität der Elastizitäten. Dieses zweistufige Schätzverfahren erfüllt demnach nicht die eigentlich auferlegten Bedingungen der Nachfragetheorie. Die Nichteinhaltung der Homogenität wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit durch die Neuformulierung des QUAIDS-Modells angegangen. Das neuformulierte Modell erfüllt die Bedingungen der Nachfragetheorie nicht vollständig, ist jedoch die bisher bestmögliche Lösung, wenn das QUAIDS-Modell mit der Methode von Shonkwiler und Yen (1999) kombiniert wird.
The safety of poultry meat and eggs continues to be a major concern for consumers. As a result, there has been a wealth of research on identifying and controlling hazards at all stages in the supply chain. Food safety control in the poultry industry summarises this research and its implications for all those involved in supplying and marketing poultry products. The book begins by analysing the main hazards affecting poultry meat and eggs, both biological and chemical. It then discusses methods for controlling these hazards at different stages, from the farm through slaughter and carcass processing operations to consumer handling of poultry products. Further chapters review established and emerging techniques for decontaminating eggs or processed carcasses, from physical methods to the use of bacteriophage and bacteriocins. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Food safety control in the poultry industry is a standard reference for both academics and food companies. Reviews recent research on identifying and controlling hazards at all stages in the supply chainEdited by a leading expert in this hot area with contributions from a worldwide team of expertsIdentify how to meet and excede consumers high expectations in food safety
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The integration of food into urban planning is a crucial and emerging topic. Urban planners, alongside the local and regional authorities that have traditionally been less engaged in food-related issues, are now asked to take a central and active part in understanding how food is produced, processed, packaged, transported, marketed, consumed, disposed of and recycled in our cities. While there is a growing body of literature on the topic, the issue of planning cities in such a way they will increase food security and nutrition, not only for the affluent sections of society but primarily for the poor, is much less discussed, and much less informed by practices. This volume, a collaboration between the Bartlett Development Planning Unit at UCL and the Food Agricultural Organisation, aims to fill this gap by putting more than 20 city-based experiences in perspective, including studies from Toronto, New York City, Portland and Providence in North America; Milan in Europe and Cape Town in Africa; Belo Horizonte and Lima in South America; and, in Asia, Bangkok and Tokyo. By studying and comparing cities of different sizes, from both the Global North and South, in developed and developing regions, the contributors collectively argue for the importance and circulation of global knowledge rooted in local food planning practices, programmes and policies
"This book explores methods for reducing waste and cutting food loss in order to help the environment and support local communities as well as solve issues including that of land space. It also provides vital research on the development of plant-based foods, meat-alternative diets, and nutritional outcomes"--
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Ethische und ökologische Aspekte der Herstellung und des Vertriebs von Lebensmitteln spielen in der Öffentlichkeit eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle. Die Beiträge des Symposium beschäftigen sich mit den Fragen, welche rechtlichen Konsequenzen sich daraus für Produzenten, Händler und Verbraucher ergeben und ob der bestehende Rechtsrahmen im Hinblick darauf ausreichend ist oder ob neue Regelungen wünschenswert oder sogar notwendig sind. Die Themen der Tagung reichen von der sozialen Verantwortung von Familienunternehmen über Bio- und Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien von Unternehmen und Formen des Lebensmittelbetrugs durch falsche Kennzeichnungen bis hin zum Tierwohl.
Safety evaluations of genetically engineered food ingredients are based on the premise that genetically engineered plants are as safe as their traditionally bred counterparts. We encourage developers to engage with us prior to marketing, and we communicate with our sister government agencies and international groups to ensure that we're using both the best science and the best practices. We understand that, as science evolves, we will see new technologies and new traits.
This paper provides evidence on the effectiveness of one of the most common policies to improve nutrition among the poor, that is, a food subsidy. We study the case of subsidies on pulses in select Indian states and their impact on consumption and ultimately nutrition (protein intake). As a natural experiment, we use the introduction of pulses into India's Public Distribution System (PDS) where the variations in prices were brought about by the inclusion of pulses in the PDS in some states and not in others. ; ISI; CRP4; IFPRI3; CRP2; IFPRIOA; IFPRI-ICAR ; A4NH; PHND; SAR; PIM ; PR ; CGIAR Research Programs on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
"In Taste: A Philosophy of Food, Sarah Worth argues that taste is a sense that needs educating, for the real pleasures of eating only come with an understanding of what one really likes."
In recent years, Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) have been a key issue both in the scientific community and in public debates. This is due to their profound implications for rural development, local sustainability, and bio-economics. This edited collection discusses what the main determinants of the participation of operators - both consumers and producers - in AFNs are, what the conditions for their sustainability are, what their social and environmental effects are, and how they are distributed geographically. Further discussions include the effect of AFNs in structuring the food chain and how AFNs can be successfully scaled up. The authors explicitly take an interdisciplinary approach to analyse AFNs from different perspectives, using as an example the Italian region of Piedmont, a particularly interesting case study due to the diffusion of AFNs in the area, as well as due to the fact that it was in this region that the 'Slow Food' movement originated.
Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Bei Personen vor Adipositaschirurgie wurden die Prävalenzen von Food Addiction (FA), alkoholbezogener Störung, Angst- und depressiven Störungen geschätzt. Zudem wurde untersucht, ob FA-Symptome mit Alkoholkonsum, Lebensqualität sowie Essstörungs-, Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik assoziiert sind und ob es Unterschiede zwischen Personen mit und ohne FA in diesen Variablen gibt. Methodik: Bei 419 Personen mit Adipositas wurden FA, Alkoholkonsum, gewichtsbezogene Lebensqualität, Essstörungs-, Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik mit validierten Fragebögen erfasst. Unterschiede in den psychopathologischen Variablen zwischen Patient_innen mit und ohne FA wurden mit non-parametrischen Verfahren untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die geschätzten Prävalenzen von riskantem Alkoholkonsum (11 %) und alkoholbezogener Störung (5 %) waren in der aktuellen Stichprobe geringer als in bevölkerungsbasierten Stichproben, die geschätzten Prävalenzen von Food Addiction (38 %), Essstörungen (79 %), Depression (30 %) und Angststörungen (24 %) hingegen deutlich höher. FA-Symptome waren nicht mit Alkoholkonsum und gewichtsbezogener Lebensqualität assoziiert. Hingegen zeigten sich positive Korrelationen von FA-Symptomen mit globaler Essstörungspathologie, Depressions- und Angstsymptomatik. Es zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Personen mit/ohne FA hinsichtlich der Häufigkeit von früherem oder aktuellem riskanten Alkoholkonsum oder alkoholbezogener Störung. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse bestätigen frühere Befunde eines fehlenden Zusammenhangs von FA mit Alkoholkonsum bei Menschen vor chirurgischer Adipositasbehandlung. Längsschnittstudien mit großen Stichproben und langfristigen Follow-Ups sollten eine etwaige postoperative Symptomverlagerung von FA zu Substanzkonsum untersuchen.
