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"Marilyn Buck's Playlist" offers a meditation on memory, political commitment, social justice, and the power of culture in recent American history. The article provides a personal and historical examination of Marilyn Buck, a white woman who spent twenty-five years in prison for her activism in solidarity with the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. Sick with advanced ovarian cancer, Buck was granted compassionate release in 2010 and died three weeks later. Here, I reflect on Buck's legacy, drawing from our ten-year correspondence as well as Buck's writings (she became an accomplished poet, translator, and essayist during her incarceration) to argue that Buck's political militancy and cultural commentary constitute a revolutionary ethos that prison redirected but failed to stifle. ; "Marilyn Buck's Playlist" offers a meditation on memory, political commitment, social justice, and the power of culture in recent American history. The article provides a personal and historical examination of Marilyn Buck, a white woman who spent twenty-five years in prison for her activism in solidarity with the Black Panther Party and the Black Liberation Army. Sick with advanced ovarian cancer, Buck was granted compassionate release in 2010 and died three weeks later. Here, I reflect on Buck's legacy, drawing from our ten-year correspondence as well as Buck's writings (she became an accomplished poet, translator, and essayist during her incarceration) to argue that Buck's political militancy and cultural commentary constitute a revolutionary ethos that prison redirected but failed to stifle.

Istanbul, a city ruled by various civilisations and governments, is quite important both historically, geographically and rich in culture. Cultural activitiesand spaces within which these activities took place, influenced the city's buildingstock, its landscape and organization. New buildings were constructed on top ofthe foundations of demolished ancestors. Traces of this foregoing layering, visibleon the physical environment, has also spreaded to daily life, stories, imageries,culture, etc., while transforming them. These layers are not heterogeneous sys-tems within which the latter covers the former completely in a chronological way;but, heterogenous formations consisting of various densities and dominancies.This process-based "becoming", explained with the notion of palimpsest, is one ofthe fundamental characteristics of the city of Istanbul.Walking act that can potentially foster dérive and détournement practices, depends on semiotics of the city as well as its physicality. The communication elements of the city and its contents such as color, typography and imagery, can bevery decisive in terms of drifting (dérive) and twisting (détournement) intentionsof city resident.In order for "transforming" cities by walking, residents have to be encouragedfor making "discoveries". City planners and relevant units should take into consideration that open-endedness, flexibility, transformability, vagueness and opennessto surprises can increase the awareness of the user about the environment, by ensuring the permanence of the reflexivity between the city and the pedestrian. Thepurpose of this paper, is to discuss the potentials which could make this awarenessa useful tool for transforming the city.

This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of 'White Australia' that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the 'White Australia' culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar's transformation from a 'black' to a 'white man's industry'. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their 'whiteness' to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the 'white sugar campaign' was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the 'burden' of 'white sugar' was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the 'white race' in a time of crisis.

Contemporary civilisational analysis has emerged in the post-Cold War period as a forming but already controversial field of scholarship. This book focuses on the scholarship produced in this field since the 1970s. It begins with anthropological axioms posited by Ibn Khaldun, Simon Bolivar and George Pachymeres. Three conceptual images of civilisations are prominent in the field. First, civilisations are conceived as socio-cultural units, entities or blocs in an 'integrationist' image. They emerge out of long-term uneven historical processes. Finally, in a 'relational' image civilisations are believed to gain definition and institute developmental patterns through inter-societal and inter-cultural encounters. The book traces the history of semantic developments of the notions of 'civilisation' and 'civilisations' coextensive with the expansion of Europe's empires and consubstantial with colonialism. Early modernities are more important in the long formation of capitalism. Outlining the conceptual framework of inter-civilisational engagement, the book analytically plots the ties instituted by human imaginaries across four dimensions of inter-civilisational engagement. It also interrogates the relationship between oceans, seas and civilisations. Oceanian civilisation exhibits patterns of deep engagement and connection. Though damaged, Pacific cultures have invoked their own counter-imaginary in closer proximity to past islander experiences. Collective memory provides resources for coping with critical issues. The book also explores Latin American and Japanese experiences that shed light on the engagement of civilisations, applying the model of inter-civilisational engagement to modern perspectives in culture and the arts, politics, theology and political economy.

Though many service members will not directly seek mental health care due to stigma and other factors, they may interact with the healthcare system in other ways including contact with first responders, nurses and allied health care professionals. However, little attention has been spent in this regard on the educational needs of these professionals whose contact with service members and veterans may provide the opportunity to assist veterans in need with overcoming barriers to accessing mental health care. This qualitative study investigates the educational training needs of first responders and health care professionals in contact with military families and trauma survivors to determine whether, and what type, of additional training is needed. A sample of 42 first responders and health care professionals including emergency medical technicians, police officers, fire fighters, speech language pathologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and nurses, were recruited to participate in one of six focus groups. Sessions were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was guided by a thematic analysis approach. Thematic analyses suggest there is a significant knowledge gap with unmet educational needs of these professionals such as information on the invisible wounds of war, military culture, and screening and referring patients who present symptoms falling outside professionals' scope of practice. Findings point to a need and desire for more robust education for first responders and health care providers around mental health concerns of military populations, including topics such as trauma, military culture, and screening tools. Efforts to develop curricula addressing these concerns are warranted.

This study aims at (1) discovering women stereotypes based on words of the characters' in the novel in form of text quotations. (2) examining ideology and gynocritics aspect that is how the special characteristics of the feminists' creative process in terms of style and expression. This study is a qualitative research conducted through descriptive and analytical data analysis by giving exposure and depiction of data in the form of description. Data were collected by using literature study to dismantle aspects of women stereotypes contained in the novel through linguistic expression in the form of text citation since the data sources in this study were dominated by the written data. The data were analyzed grounded on two theories of feminist literary criticism namely ideological and gynocritical feminist criticism theories. The theories are used to discover figures, stereotypes, history, style, theme, genre, structure, profession, customs, traditions and cultures that influence the mindset of female authors. The results show that many women stereotypes paint the works of female authors. Based on three novels authorized by Indonesian female authors studied show that they are obviously consistent in exposing the stereotypes in every writing of their novels. The stereotypes revealed in these novels serve as the basis for the struggle of female authors and their expression in an attempt to voice the dignity of Indonesian women in various sectors of life including politics, social, economic, and culture, in order to align with men. As a result, the struggle give birth to a movement called feminism.

The phenomenon called 'woman' is contentious. The Promethean entity, invites tremendous amount of debate and controversial discourse. Every aspect of this vivifying existence is shrouded in contest and confrontation. Her 'being' is political, her body is a contested arena, and her survival is a never ending pugnacity. Her 'being' is the site etched with culturally and socially determined practices and norms. Individuals are moulded and etched by social institution and culture that override biological edifice. From the very 'womb' and thereafter infancy, boys and girls are treated differently and are indoctrinated into the belief system of gender specified role being subsumed by perceptions, beliefs and values that structures and manufactures the adult men and women with their specified gender baggage. Women as 'the other' represents the subordinate being that must be investigated and dissected until her secrets are laid bare open and divulged. Women are still decorated with ornamented surface that entails enormous amount of discipline, implantation, inoculation, grooming under the ever assertive surveillance of patriarchal culture and male gaze. Patriarchy and consequent commoditization is responsible for constructing a social system that ascribes a particular sexual status, role and temperament for each gender resulting in sex/ gender hierarchy. The primary motive of the paper is to unravel the analogous cogitation of 'body', 'myth' and 'social construction' related to women. The gender premise cannot be analyzed through the monolithic prognosis. It involves diverse heterogeneity with multiple shades of complex deliberation.

This paper is a philosophical reading of the aestheticism movement in literature. From its early origins in England and its influence by relevant English and French authors. This paper allows us to understand it as a cultural tendency widespread throughout the world that raises deep implications to the artistic practice. A union between ethics, aesthetics and politics is detected under a set of strategies that mostly vindicate the life of homosexuals of that time, in a more or less open way. This can happen thanks to the articulation of an identity related to the culture of sensitivity and to the retrieval of Greek classic culture. Finally, we briefly search for the relationship between this movement and Michel Foucault, whose late thinking is widely akin to aestheticism. ; Este trabajo es una lectura filosófica del esteticismo en la literatura, desde su origen identificable en Inglaterra y su influencia en una serie de autores ingleses y franceses. Esta lectura permite entender dicho movimiento como una tendencia cultural extendida con implicaciones profundas para la práctica artística. Se detecta la unión entre la ética, la estética y la política bajo una serie de estrategias que la mayoría de las veces vindican de forma más o menos abierta la vida de los homosexuales de la época; esto sucede gracias a la articulación de una identidad vinculada al cultivo de la sensibilidad y la recuperación de la cultura griega clásica. Finalmente, se investiga brevemente la relación del esteticismo con Foucault, cuyo pensamiento tardío resulta ampliamente afín al esteticismo.

The study aims to find the factors hindering the implementation of surgical site infection control guidelines in the operating rooms of low-income countries. The design of the study is a mixed-method sequential explanatory study. The setting is Shifa International Hospital and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Participants are health care workers. A questionnaire and structured key informant interviews probed the perspectives and perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the factors which hinder the implementation of surgical site infection control guidelines. Two-hundred fifty-two health care workers took part in the survey. The response rate was 90%. The majority of the participants was based in private teaching hospitals (63.9%) and 36.1% in the public sector teaching hospitals. The factors of surveillance, knowledge, education, and culture had low scores. Qualitative data analysis revealed the hindering factors in the implementation of surgical site infection control guidelines in the operating rooms of low-income country. The important one are lack of a surveillance system, education, and culture of infection control. This study identified hindering factors regarding implementation of surgical site infection control guidelines in the operating rooms at the institutional and individual level involved in patient care. The identification of these hindering factors may help politicians, policy makers, and institutions to identify the strategies for overcoming these hindering factors. Education is the key factor for success. By offering training to health care workers, we significantly contribute to decrease the incidence of SSIs in the low-income country.

Arundhati Roy's novel The God of Small Things (GOST) (1996), has been described by Salman Rushdie as a novel that has been written artistically and well. It is a very ambitious novel. The style is quite personal although sometimes we see glimpses of the Rushdian style in her writing. Making use of her ambition and personal style Roy tackles indigenous issues and hybridity effortlessly. Through these two subjects we are introduced to themes of identity, human relationship, culture and politics. All these will be analysed using the hybridity theory and indigenous theory. This paper explores how Roy presents indigenous issues and hybridity in GOST in relation to the themes mentioned. The narrative poses questions about these issues which are difficult to answer. It also gives contradicting views about hybridity. Roy does not give us an answer as to whether we should accept hybridity or reject it. GOST can also be read as a postmodernist novel because of its treatment of time and space and its projection of place in an effort to juxtapose locality with identity. Nevertheless, Roy 's work is not an effort of imposing an identity on the Indian public, neither is it a project to define the Indian identity. This paper argues that GOST negotiates, questions and experiments with identity via symbols that represent identity: language, culture, politics and human relationship. Roy is very perceptive in presenting her narrative, however she reserves her judgment, and leaves us to make our own conclusions.

Commodification of Traditional Knowledge (TK) has been posited as a possible, although contested, alternative for the conservation of indigenous resources. Here we examine the case of the Chinese Naxi minority, with particular reference to the practice of sacred &ldquo ; Dongba&rdquo ; papermaking. The commodification of TK is a complex process with many pitfalls and trade-offs between the environment, economy, and social empowerment. In the process of commodification, consumers have arisen as an important force in environmental politics. To date, little is known about the way domestic tourists, the main consumer base of indigenous products, perceive Dongba paper. In this context, we examined their knowledge of Naxi culture, their willingness to pay for sustainably produced paper, and their perceptions of the product&rsquo ; s authenticity. This socio-economic study is based on a survey (n = 415) in rural Southwest China. We found a significant potential to market Dongba paper as a sustainable indigenous product. Although knowledge about Naxi culture was circumscribed (3% could identify the plant used for papermaking), the majority of respondents (55%) was willing to pay for TK protection. Respondents also preferred third-party labelling. We posit that TK products could be seen as credence goods, necessitating certification to ensure product authenticity and establish consumer trust. Markedly, the survey also found that attitudes as to who should provide third-party assurance are contradictory. The Chinese government was preferred as the strongest assurance of genuineness, but paradoxically, commanded the least trust in its ability to manage and fund the conservation of TK.

The south of Iberia conserves an important group of Palaeolithic rock art sites. The graph isms have been mostly attributed to the Solutrean and Magdalenian periods, while the possibility that older remains exist has provoked extensive debate. This circumstance has been linked to both the cited periods, until recently, due to the transition from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the extreme southwest of Europe as well as the non-existence of some of the early periods of Palaeolithic art documented in northern Iberia. This study presents the results of interdisciplinary research conducted in Las Ventanas Cave. These results enabled us to identify a new Palaeolithic rock art site. The technical, stylistic and temporal traits point to certain similarities with the range of exterior deep engravings in Cantabrian Palaeolithic rock art. Ventanas appears to corroborate the age attributed to those kinds of graphic expression and points to the early arrival of the Upper Palaeolithic in the south of Iberia. Importantly, the results provide information on the pre-Solutrean date attributed to trilinear hind figures. These findings challenge the supposed Neanderthal survival idea at one of the main late Middle Palaeolithic southern Iberian sites (Cariguela) and, due to the parallels between them and an engraving attributed to this period in Gibraltar, it raises the possibility of interaction between modern humans and Neanderthals in the extreme southwest of Europe. ; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [HAR2013-44269-P]; Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [19434/PI/14]; Department of Culture, Andalusian Regional Government [BC.01.146/94]

Research to date has not found the pattern of guiding public attitudes and democratic values after the social conflicts in Ambon effectively carried out, both in families, community leaders, religious figures, traditional leaders, youth leaders, social organizations. This study aims to understand the attitudeand behavior of Ambonese communities after the social conflict, and the role of local culture and democratic values as a solution for community attitude building in Ambon. The 99 research procedure uses qualitative approach, which is descriptive. Data collection techniques (1) in-depth interview, (2) direct observation, and (3) documentation study. The informant was chosen purposively and the result data was processed through the process of reduction, qualitative descriptive analysis. After the results were analyzed, it was found that the pattern of community building of Ambon city after the social conflict was effective with the approach of democratic values in local culture, such as; (2) the values of freedom (pale gendong), (3) the value of tolerance (taste beta flovored taste), (4) the value of mutual cooperation (masohi) , (5) the value of consesnsus deliberation (ale taste of beta flavor, cut in nail taste in meat). That is, the beauty of harmony in community life if not the occurrence of disputes between communities, tribes, interethnic, and interfaith. It can be concluded that that building societal attitudes and democratic values post social conflicts is found in the form of brotherhood, cooperation, tolerance, harmony, responsibility, self -control, and mutual respect. Key Words : Attitude, Society, Democracy, Social Conflict.

Abstract Legal politic is a policy of legislation through the stages of formulation/formulation that is the drafting of a regulation both the rules in general and the special rules of criminal by the legislator in this case the legislator with the Government. The errors or weaknesses of the legislative policy are part of a strategic error that can be an obstacle to prevention and crime prevention at the Judicative and Execution stage. The political formation of the future Penal Code does not only deal with the substance of law, the legal structure but rather focuses on the legal culture based on Pancasila as the basis of the State. Renewal of criminal law is more directed to actions in the form of a series of prohibited acts, criminal/false responsibility and punishment system. The method used is mix method consisting of Juridical-Normative legal writing method and collaboration of Juridical-Empirical. The results of this study are the politics of the formation of the National Criminal Code, referring to the Neo-Classical School thought that maintains a balance between the objective (Actus Reus) and Subjective (person/soul/mind/Mens rea) and actually the form of Political law is Unification and codification of law, Supremacy of law, Renewal of national law, Eliminating legal dualism, Increasing legal awareness and legal culture, Firm enforcement is firm, consistent, and non-discriminatory. Keywords: Legal Politic, KUHP, Constitution of the State of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945

Lately, the researchers of Jewish social and cultural history turned their attention to economic issues and produced some news collections of essays and monographs, the remarkable feature of which is a shift to the questions of interaction among religiosity, culture, economics, and politics. In a review article the author analyses three recent books, dedicated to economic Jewish history: David Schick "Vertrauen, Religion, Ethnizität: Die Wirtschaftsnetzwerke jüdischer Unternehmer im späten Zarenreich" (2017); Michael R. Cohen "Cotton Capitalists: American Jewish Entrepreneurship in the Reconstruction Era" (2017) and Cornelia Aust "The Jewish Economic Elite: Making Modern Europe" (2018). All three books focus on the interconnection of two factors: the ethnicity and solidarity of Jewish businessmen in the early modern and modern era. Methodologically, the authors choose a similar approach and look at the activities of entrepreneurs or merchants using a network concept. Each author explores specific cases – in American South, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe, to see how the context shapes the behavior of Jews. The authors show how Jewish ethnicity and Judaism played a role in developing the relationship of trust, limiting and defining new economic spheres and undermine the view of ethnic solidarity as a social norm. Also, the works are an important contribution to the broader context of economic history. With the modernization, and in particular the impact of legal emancipation and industrial revolution of the Jews, they enter into space that gives them completely different opportunities for economic activity and interaction with ethnic groups. The study explains how ethnicity, culture, and economy can interact.