Suchergebnisse

The first essay examines whether there is a relationship between Africa's economic growth and insurance-market activity (life, non-life, and total). Applying panel-estimation techniques that are robust to heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence to a model of panel data for 11 African countries between 1995 and 2016, we find significant evidence in support of such a relationship. Total-insurance penetration has a long-term impact on economic growth, and when disaggregated into its components (life- and non-life-insurance penetration), we find evidence in support of short-term and long-term impacts on economic growth in both cases. Our study also confirms the feedback hypothesis, as we find a positive, bi-directional causality between insurance-market activity and economic growth. We also find that the contribution from non-life-insurance market activity toward economic growth far outweighs that of life-insurance market activity. The second essay examines whether the roles of the insurance and banking sectors are complimentary or substitutive in terms of growth effect. Using a dynamic panel-GMM estimation technique, we evaluate the synergistic effect of both sectors on economic growth in a panel of 10 African countries. The insurance-banking-growth nexus was also examined through bootstrap panel causality tests. The results show that life insurance market and the banking sector are complimentary and that the non-life insurance market and the banking sector are also complimentary. We find that overall, the relationship between the insurance and banking sectors in Africa is a complimentary one and that their synergistic impact on economic growth is positive. The feedback hypothesis was also confirmed in the relationship between the insurance sector and economic growth and between the banking sector and economic growth. The third essay tests for asymmetric causal relationships between financial systems (insurance markets, banking systems and stock markets) and economic performance in nine African countries over a 24-year period. This section of the study posits that it is important that asymmetric causal effects are taken into account when empirically examining the finance-growth nexus since it is possible that the economy (financial system) would react differently to changes in financial system (economy), depending on whether it is a positive or negative change. It proposes testing for asymmetric causality by using cumulative sums of positive and negative shocks via a bootstrap simulation approach. The results show that the pattern of causality varies across the selected countries and the following hypotheses were confirmed: negative and positive demand-following hypotheses, negative and positive supply-following hypotheses, and negative and positive feedback hypotheses. The final essay investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty on insurance premiums, controlling for the effect of real income, in a panel of 15 countries over the period 1998-2016. Findings from the error correction based panel estimations show that the insurance sector is not immune to the effects of economic policy uncertainty and real income. Economic policy uncertainty initially raises insurance premiums in the short run but eventually lessens it in the long run whereas real income increases insurance premiums both in the short and long run, although its long run impact is greater than the short run impact. Also, economic policy uncertainty exerts a bigger influence on non-life insurance premium than on life insurance premium. Keywords: Insurance market; Financial systems; Economic growth; Africa; Panel ARDL; Dynamic GMM; symmetric & asymmetric Causality; Synergistic effect; Economic policy uncertainty. ; ÖZ: Tezin ilk kısmında, Afrika'nın ekonomik büyümesi ile sigorta-pazar faaliyeti (hayat, hayat dışı ve toplam) arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmektedir. 1995 ve 2016 arasında 11 Afrika ülkesi için panel verisi modeline heterojenlik ve kesitler arası bağımlılığa dayanan panel-tahmin teknikleri uygulayarak, böyle bir ilişkinin desteklenmesinde önemli kanıtlar bulunmuştur. Toplam sigorta penetrasyonunun ekonomik büyüme üzerinde uzun dönemli bir etkisi vardır ve sigorta penetrasyonu bileşenlerine ayrıldığında (hayat ve hayat dışı sigorta penetrasyonu), her iki durumda da ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki kısa ve uzun dönemli etkilerin desteklenmesinde kanıt bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda ayrıca, sigorta piyasası faaliyeti ve ekonomik büyüme arasında pozitif, çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunduğundan, geri besleme hipotezinin geçerliliği de doğrulanmaktadır. Hayat dışı sigorta piyasası faaliyetlerinden ekonomik büyümeye olan katkının, hayat sigortası piyasası faaliyetlerine oranla çok daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Tezin ikinci kısmında, sigorta ve bankacılık sektörlerinin rollerinin büyüme üzerine olan etkisinin tamamlayıcı mı yoksa ikame mi olduğunu incelenmiştir. Dinamik panel-GMM tahmin tekniği kullanarak, her iki sektörün ekonomik büyüme üzerine sinerjik etkisi 10 Afrika ülkesi için panel veri analizi çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Sigorta-bankacık-büyüme ilişkisi bootstrap panel nedensellik testleri ile incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, hayat sigortası piyasası ve bankacılık sektörünün tamamlayıcı olduğunu ve hayat dışı sigorta pazarının ve bankacılık sektörünün de tamamlayıcı olduğunu göstermektedir. Genel olarak, Afrika'daki sigorta ve bankacılık sektörleri arasındaki ilişkinin tamamlayıcı olduğunu ve ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki sinerjik etkisinin olumlu olduğu bulunmuştur. Sigorta sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme ile bankacılık sektörü ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkide de geri besleme hipotezi doğrulanmıştır. Tezin üçüncü kısmında, finansal sistemler (sigorta piyasaları, bankacılık sistemleri ve hisse senedi piyasaları) ile ekonomik performans arasındaki asimetrik nedensellik ilişkileri dokuz Afrika ülkesi için 24 yıllık veri kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bu bölümünde, ekonominin (finansal sistemin) finansal sistemdeki (ekonomi) değişimlere, pozitif veya negatif bir değişim olup olmamasına bağlı olarak farklı şekilde tepki vermesi mümkün olduğundan, finans-büyüme ilişkisini ampirik olarak incelerken asimetrik nedensellik etkilerin dikkate alınmasının önemli olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Asimetrik nedenselliğin test edilmesinde, bootstrap simülasyon yaklaşımı aracılığıyla kümülatif pozitif ve negatif şok toplamlarının kullanılması önerilir. Analiz sonuçları, nedensellik örüntüsünün seçilen ülkeler arasında değiştiğini ve aşağıdaki hipotezlerin doğrulandığını göstermektedir: negatif ve pozitif talep-hipotezleri, negatif ve pozitif arz-hipotezleri ve negatif ve olumlu geri besleme hipotezleri. Tezin son kısmında, 1998-2016 dönemleri için 15 ülkeden oluşan bir panel veri analizinde, iktisadi politika belirsizliğinin sigorta primleri üzerindeki etkisini, reel gelirin faktörünü kontrol ederek incelemiştir. Hata düzeltme temelli panel tahminlerinden elde edilen bulgular, sigorta sektörünün ekonomik politika belirsizliği ve reel gelir üzerindeki etkilere karşı duyarsız olmadığını göstermektedir. Ekonomik politika belirsizliği, başlangıçta kısa dönemde sigorta primlerini yükseltmekte, ancak uzun dönemde etkisini azaltmaktadır. Reel gelir hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde sigorta primlerini artırır, ancak uzun dönemdeki etkisi kısa dönemdeki etkisinden daha büyüktür. Ayrıca ampirik bulgulara göre, ekonomik politika belirsizliği, hayat dışı sigorta priminde hayat sigortası priminden daha büyük bir etki yarattığı bulunmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sigorta piyasası; Finansal sistemler; Ekonomik büyüme; Afrika; Panel ARDL; Dinamik GMM; simetrik & asimetrik Nedensellik; Sinerjistik etki; Ekonomik politika belirsizliği. ; Doctor of Philosophy in Economics. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Business and Economics, Dept. of Economics, 2018. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Balcılar.

"Die Bilder der Massenflucht von etwa 1,5 Millionen Ruandern im April 1994 aus ihrer Heimat in die Nachbarländer Zaire und Tansania sind immer noch präsent: Endlose, erschöpfte Menschenschlangen, die den mit Leichen angefüllten Grenzfluß zu Tansania überqueren und schließlich in einer hügeligen, spärlich besiedelten Landschaft angehalten werden, wo sie kampieren und mit Nothilfe versorgt werden sollen. Daraus entstanden die eng beieinander liegenden Flüchtlingslager für ca. 500.000 Personen in Ngara und Karagwe, die bis zu ihrer gewaltsamen Räumung im Dezember 1996 mehr Fragen an die Konzeption der Flüchtlingshilfe stellen würden, als daß sie Antworten bereithielten. Schon 1995 wurden die Lager von den Regierungen der Geberländer als nicht mehr tragbar angesehen, denn für die ruandischen Flüchtlinge in Zaire und Tansania mußten zusammen mehr als 2 Mio. Dollar pro Tag ausgegeben werden. Man hatte von Beginn an einen 'camp approach'jverfolgt: Eine große Zahl von Menschen wird auf einer kleinen, abgegrenzten Fläche zusammengehalten und ihre Bewegungsfreiheit eingeschränkt. Dies dient zwar der effizienten Logistik, der Registrierung und schnellen Versorgung mit Nahrungsmitteln und Medikamenten, die in der ersten Phase der Nothilfe eine hohe Priorität haben. Je länger die Situation andauert und je mehr sich der gesundheitliche Zustand der Flüchtlinge verbessert, um so stärker machen sich jedoch negative Entwicklungen bemerkbar. Umweltschäden, Verslumung, Beschäftigungslosigkeit und vieles mehr. Es gibt über die Nothilfe hinaus keine Entwicklungsperspektiven. Die Erfindung des abgegrenzten Lagers, in dem Flüchtlinge als passive Empfänger von Hilfsleistungen gelten, erweist sich als Illusion, weil sie die Handlungsfähigkeit und die vielfältige soziale und wirtschaftliche Interaktion der Flüchtlinge mit ihrer Umgebung außer acht läßt. Derartige Lager müssen deshalb in ihrem Entwurf von vornherein auf eine möglichst kurze Zeitspanne und damit auf eine baldige Rückkehr der Flüchtlinge in ihre Heimat angelegt sein. Dabei bleibt anzumerken, daß Lager die Politisierung der Flüchtlinge, die von vielen als das entscheidende Hindernis für eine freiwillige Rückkehr angesehen wurde, geradezu in idealer Weise fördern. In Zaire, aber auch in Tansania, wurden die Flüchtlinge in der Regel nach ihren Herkunftsgemeinden gruppiert, so daß oftmals auch die alten lokalen Autoritäten in der neuen Umgebung ihre Macht behielten. Die Diskussion über die Bedingungen der Rückkehr und die Fluchtursachen erhalten bei diesem Konzept dann ein zweitrangiges Gewicht." (Textauszug)

This is an open access book which brings together leading scholars and critical discourses on political, economic, legal, technological, socio-cultural and systemic changes and continuities intersecting media and health crises in Sub-Saharan Africa. The volume extensively discusses COVID-19 but it also covers other epidemics, such as malaria, HIV/AIDS as well as "silent" health crises such as mental health---simmering across the subcontinent. The chapters fill knowledge gaps, highlight innovations, unpack the complexities surrounding the media ecosystem in times of health crises. They explore, among other issues, the politics of public health communication; infodemics; existential threats to media viability; draconian legislations; threats to journalists/journalism; COVID-related entrepreneurship, marginalization, and more. This is a timely resource for academics, advocacy groups, media practitioners and policy makers working on crises and media reporting, not just in Africa but anywhere in the global South.

1 Introduction: life in the borderland . - 2 Eastern Congo: miners, 'moles' and the users of force . - 3 The great escape? Diamond mining in the borderland of Sierra Leone . - 4 Liberia: land, belonging and identity in a border area . - 5 Northern Mali: criminality, coping and resistance along an elusive frontier . - 6 Northern Uganda: displacement and fear in the borderland . - 7 Navigating Nakivale: the refugee camp as borderland . - 8 Conclusion: touching from a distance

What do we know about income and growth in Africa? -- Measuring African wealth and progress -- Facts, assumptions and controversy : lessons from the datasets -- Data for development : a guide to African development statistics -- Conclusion : development by numbers

PART I: PERSPECTIVES 1. Introduction PART II: RAISING SOME CONCEPTUAL ISSUES 2. A Global Model of Very Long-Term Economic Development / DierySeck 3. The Role of Institutional Factors in the Modeling of Economic Growth and in Policy Formulation in Africa / Oladele Omosegbon PART III: TRADE, THE EXTERNAL SECTOR AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA 4. How Effective Are Exports Incentives? Analysis of Developing Countries' Experience with Implications for Sub-Saharan Africa / Kezia Mulugutu Kabugho 5. Appraising Employment and Export-led Industrialization in Post-Reform Nigeria / Ndubisi Nwokoma and Nnamdi Nwokoma 6. Can Africa Develop Through Trade in the Current Global Economy with Large Trading Blocks? / Aloysius Ajab Amin, Tharcisse Ntilivamunda, and Mouhamadou Bamba Diop 7. The Impact of Increasing Non-Agricultural Market Access on EU Demand for Imported Fish: Implications for Lake Victoria Chilled Fillet Exports / Andrew Muhammad 8. Evidence of Debt Overhang and Economic Growth: Implications for African Development / William A. Amponsah and Krishna Kasibhatla 9. Is That a Dragon or Elephant on Your Ladder? The Potential Impact of China and India on Export-Led Growth in African Countries / Mwangi wa Gĩthĩnji PART IV: SECTOR-SPECIFIC APPROACH TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 10. Service-Sector as an Engine of Growth: A Case of the ECOWAS Sub-Region / Dipo Busari 11. The Impact of Tourism on Economic Performance: Econometric Evidence from West Africa / Cyril Segun Ige and Gbadebo Olusegun Odularu 12. Liberalization of the Mining Sector in Ghana and Its Impact on the Economy: A Sociological Approach / Edward Opoku-Dapaah and Sylvain H. Boko 13. Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria / Sheriffdeen Telia, Lloyd Amaghionyeodiwe, and Bolaji Adesoye 14. Telephone Demand and Economic Growth in Africa / Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong and John Agyei Kahkari PART V: FINANCIAL REFORM, PRIVATE INVESTMENT AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AS SOURCES OF GROWTH 15. Public-Private Capital, Employment and Economic Expansion: The Economic Role of the State in Cote d'lvoire / Bedia Aka 16. Two-way Linkages Between FDI and Domestic Factor: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa / Leonce Ndikumana and Sher Verick 17. Financial Reform and Investment in Africa: An Empirical Analysis / Mina Baliamoune-Lutz 18. Oil and Growth in Africa: A Comparative Analysis / Afeikhena Jerome, Dipo Busari, and Senyo Adjibolosoo 19. Industrial-led Development in Africa: Towards a Policy Framework / 0lu Ajakaiye and Howard Stein 20. Sources of Growth in Rwanda and Benin Using Four Different Complementary Approaches / Kalamogo Coulibaly and Toussaint Houeninvo

This detailed and authoritative volume changes our conceptions of 'imperial' and 'African' history. Frederick Cooper gathers a vast range of archival sources in French and English to achieve a truly comparative study of colonial policy toward the recruitment, control, and institutionalization of African labor forces from the mid 1930s, when the labor question was first posed, to the late 1950s, when decolonization was well under way. Professor Cooper explores colonial conceptions of the African worker and shows how African trade union and political leaders used the new language of social change to claim equality and a share of power. This helped to persuade European officials that the 'modern' Africa they imagined was unaffordable. Britain and France could not reshape African society. As they left the continent, the question was how they had affected the ways in which Africans could reorganize society themselves.