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How and why the three losers of the Second World War reconsidered their pacifism, embraced a more active military role and transformed their armed forces after the Cold WarAnalysis of the process of military transformation in Italy, Germany and JapanAddresses the impact of historical legacies on the pacing and direction of transformationLooks at the transformation of military doctrine and force structure over three decadesAssesses the impact of different external and internal factors in military transformationWhile armed forces in several countries underwent deep transformations after the end of the Cold War, few if any, however, experiences more radical changes than Germany and Italy, and Japan.The book explores how the three countries modified posture and structure of their militaries over the past three decades. While the three countries all had to overcome a pacifist constitution, a widespread view - in both elites and public opinion - that that war was a taboo, and armed forces designed to defend and deter against large-scale threats, they all became more active security providers over the last decades. Each country followed a distinct path, though. The book reconstructs these paths, trying to show how a mix of external and domestic factors affected the pace and the extent of transformations. The book also identifies critical junctures in such process: any push to change - it is argued - is mediated by the need to come to terms with the cumbersone weight of the past

This concise but comprehensive book engagingly summarizes both the broad themes and specific tenets of First Amendment law, and the strongest arguments for and against protecting controversial speech such as hate speech and disinformation. It explains the many speech-protective legal rules that emerged during the Civil Rights era, demonstrating how essential free speech is for other human rights.

Over the course of the past century, there has been a sustained reflective engagement about environmental risks, disasters, and human vulnerability in our modern industrial world. This inquiry has raised a host of crucial questions. Just how safe is humanity in a world of toxic chemicals and industrial installations that have destructive potential? Is it feasible to prevent large-scale catastrophes like the ones in Bhopal, Chernobyl, and Fukushima and smaller-scale disasters such as oil spills and gas leaks? How do environmental hazards affect social and political orders? S. Ravi Rajan expertly synthesizes decades of public policy and academic discourse on how societies measure and ultimately come to terms with risk, danger, and vulnerability and offers a fresh, humanistic perspective for grappling with the new global scale and interconnectedness of these threats

"The Covid pandemic has caused massive disruption in the education system. The consequences for the education of the next generation are now clearly visible: a decline in learning performance, problems in psycho-social development and a deterioration in physical condition. Although all children and young people are affected, those from educationally deprived backgrounds fall behind the most. All this characterizes the Covid Generation. Educational inequity is on the rise and an educational catastrophe is looming. As important as this look back is, it is crucial to look forward. This vital book addresses the future of the Covid Generation by exploring its central issues, such as: - What must be done to educate the Covid Generation in the best possible way? - What concepts are there from an educational science perspective? - What are the lessons learned from the Covid pandemic that will continue to be important for the education system in the future? - What new teaching and learning structures need to be created? - How can we strengthen student and teacher resilience? Based on an empirical survey of the well-being and educational attainment of the Covid Generation, concepts and ideas are presented to support and develop the Covid Generation of students, to rethink the education system, and to overcome the educational climate crisis and to enable a fresh start"--

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Women's Avenues of Digital Activism: Fighting for Their Own -- Part I: Overcoming the Digital Divide and Going Viral-Women's Online Struggles for Social Change -- Part II: An Alternative Democratic Public Sphere-The Internet as a Safe Space -- Part III: Democratic Digital Discursive Spaces of and for Women-Unintended Consequences -- References -- Part I: Overcoming the Digital Divide and Going Viral: Women's Online Struggles for Social Change -- Chapter 2: KN-IT-Working: Older Women's Eco-Activism in the Digital Age-An Australian Case Study of the Knitting Nannas Against Gas and Greed's Use of Social Media for Learning and Empowerment -- Introduction -- Older Women's Online Capabilities and Activism: The Literature -- Case Study Methodology -- The Context: Fighting fracking -- Research Findings about KNAG's Use of Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 Tools -- Beginnings and Online Launch -- Overcoming the Digital Divide, Extending Digital Literacy -- Collective Identity and Community -- A Media Movement Overcoming Ageist Sexism and Climate Skepticism -- Naughty Knitting at Doubtful Creek -- "Call the Cops! It's the Knitting Nannas!" -- Fossil Fool Bulletins -- Conclusion and Implications for the Inclusion of Older Women's Online Activism -- References -- Chapter 3: "I'm at 100!": Protesting the Right-Wing Government in Austria -- Introduction and Objective -- Movements, Participatory Practices and the Public Sphere -- Findings and Discussion: Grannies against the Right -- Public Protest and Digital Activism -- Communicative Practices and Networking -- Safe Spaces and Vulnerability -- Collective Identity and Agency -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Feminists' Social Media Protests and the Digital Public Sphere in Turkey -- Introduction.

"The book is a new explanation of the decline in agricultural productivity in developing countries, transcending beyond the conventional approaches to understanding productivity using agricultural inputs and factors of production. It brings in the role of formal and informal institutions that govern transactions, property rights and accumulation. The volume addresses the misalignment of agricultural productivity with crop intensity and defines in terms of quantity of inputs, quality of mechanisation and technological progress, and degree of ensuring sustainability of ecosystem and biodiversity. The narrative and empirics present a comprehensive, well-balanced lens to perceive agrarian transition in developing countries. It lays out the dynamics of contemporary agrarian transition, starting from the shifts in land relations, productivity and class relations to present-day challenges to sustainability in agriculture. It argues that the existing process of accumulation has resulted in a non-sustainable agriculture because of market failures, caused by asymmetries of power, diseconomies of scale and unstable property rights, resulting in arrested productivity growth. The exploration of theoretical apparatuses through empirical validations reveals that agrarian transition should be understood in relation to the wider (non-agrarian) economic development in society, as political settlement and primitive accumulation permit (inhibit) property rights being re-allocated in growth-enhancing directions."

Chapter 1 Italy and Australia in the twenty-first century: distant connections or close partners? -- Chapter 2 A historical overview of Italian-Australian bilateral relations -- Chapter 3 Italians in Australia in the twenty-first century -- Chapter 4 Australians in Italy in the twenty-first century -- Chapter 5 First Nations sovereignty: towards a decolonial approach to Italy-Australia relations -- Chapter 6 Connecting Australia and Italy through language -- Chapter 7 Time for a strategic partnership: the scope for international cooperation between Italy and Australia -- Chapter 8 The Australian interest in the European Union and the Italian interest in the Asia-Pacific -- Chapter 9 Twenty-first century populism in Australia and Italy: A comparative analysis -- Chapter 10 Italian-Australian Scientific and Research Cooperation -- Chapter 11 Where to from here? The need for a long-term strategy in Italian-Australian relations.

This book explores a topic that historians of philosophy have so far neglected almost completely: debates about the morality of slavery in eighteenth-century North America and Europe. Author Julia Jorati pays particular attention to the role that race plays in these debates. Each of the five chapters covers intriguing and philosophically important texts about slavery and race from a specific geographic region: North America, Scotland, England, France, and lastly, the Netherlands and Germany. The book--and a companion volume also by Jorati on slavery and race in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries--will serve as a resource for scholars, instructors, and students of philosophy and neighboring disciplines.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on Terminology and Use -- Prologue: Dos Hermanos de los Selváticos -- Introduction: Histories from the Hinterlands -- Part I. Building Luzon's Racial Economy -- Chapter One. Rationalizing Race -- Chapter Two. The Work of the Filipino in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction: In Two Parts -- Part II. Highlands -- Chapter Three. No Dog, No Work -- Chapter Four. They are by Nature and Custom Head Hunters -- Part III. Lowlands -- Chapter Five. Sugarcane Sakadas -- Chapter Six. Manongs on the Move -- Part IV. Filipino/America -- Chapter Seven. Two Insurgent Ethnologies -- Conclusion: A Tale of Two Mountains -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.