Suchergebnisse

"the investigations reviewed . were made in continuation and elaboration of certain previous surveys, studies and estimates . made . by the Shantung conservancy board in . 1915 and 1916, and which are reported in two printed volumes published early in 1917."--2nd prelim. leaf. ; Report made to Pan F u, director general China grand canal improvement board, Tientsin, China. ; Stamped on cover: Grand canal. Investigations 1918-1921. American international corporation. Review andconclusions by John R. Freeman . ; Reproduced from type-written copy on one side of leaf only. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Extra leaf 37-A inserted.

This article analyses the framing approaches of the Voice of America and Sputnik in the context of international framing competition since these are significant public diplomacy channels for the foreign policies of the United States and Russia. The paper questions how VOA and Sputnik frame the YPJ women by considering those countries' policy objectives in Syria. Thematic content analysis and Robert Entman's framing approach were applied. The paper indicates that there is a connection between policies of US and Russian governments during the Syrian civil war, particularly towards ISIS and framing tendencies of those government-sponsored media outlets over the YPJ women. While there was a consensus over the responsible agent (ISIS), framing competition has seen through factors affecting problem definition, solutions to this problem and moral justifications for the solution.

This article presents a framework for the analysis of regime change in post-Communist Eastern Europe. It examines two competing approaches, the "legacies of the past" and the "imperatives of liberalization," as alternative causal factors shaping the trajectories of regime change. The article argues that the debate between these two approaches has important implications for comparative research methodology and design; to the extent that past legacies dominate the path of post-Communist regime change, comparisons with other regions emerging from an authoritarian past will yield less insight. The authors claim, however, that the immediate context of norms, institutions, and international pressures shapes the particular way that legacies influence outcomes. Thus they conclude that cross-regional research is likely to be fruitful and should be pursued.

The International Conference on Historical Linguistics has always been a forum that reflects the general state of the art in the field, and the 2009 edition, held in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, fully allows the conclusion that the field has been thriving over the years. The studies presented in this volume are an expression of ongoing theoretical discussions as well as new analytical approaches to the study of issues concerning language change. Taken together, they reflect some of the current challenges in the field, as well as the opportunities offered by judicious use of theoretical models an.

The current climate crisis is known for causing and aggravating human suffering worldwide, which affects directly the work of humanitarian actors. Therefore, organisations such as the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) have an inherent motive for climate action. Thus, the guiding questions of this thesis concentrate on why the IFRC advocates for climate action and how. For the why-question inductive content analysis was chosen, while the how-question follows a deductive approach, using an analytical framework in the form of a newly elaborated, three-dimensional matrix. The vertical dimension refers to six advocacy functions identified by Joseph Szarka (2013): (1) issue framing, (2) knowledge generation and dissemination, (3) attribution of responsibility, (4) lobbying, (5) public mobilisation and (6) agenda setting. The horizontal dimension focuses on the concept of 'climate action' and is defined by three categories, being: (a) climate change mitigation, (b) climate change adaptation and (c) ecologically sustainable development. The integrated dimension differentiates three levels on which climate action and climate advocacy can be taken: (i) individual, (ii) organisational and (iii) political. The analysis was applied to 30 units of analysis (13 primary and 17 supportive), which consist of publications such as organisational guiding documents, reports, websites, press releases, articles, recordings and publicly available audiovisual material. The first research question is answered by means of three reasons which resulted from inductive content analysis. The formulated reasons are A) The IFRC engages in climate advocacy to fulfil its core mission of preventing and alleviating human suffering. B) The IFRC advocates for climate action, having the (internal) capacity and expertise to do so and to "lead by example". And C) The IFRC engages in climate action because it recognizes its responsibility and the necessity for immediate action regarding the climate. The answer to the ...