Suchergebnisse

The financial crisis of 2008 not only started the Great Recession, but also set off fundamental changes in production processes, government fiscal practices, and housing. Technological progress has enabled firms to outsource and offshore parts of the production process, leading to a fragmentation of global value chains. We briefly discuss this "second unbundling,"global versus regional fragmentation and some of the consequences that became visible during the Great Recession's trade collapse. We discuss the consequences for some local clusters, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, and some consequences for government fiscal health and housing from an American perspective.

The South African Freedom Charter (1955) states that "The people shall govern" and the African National Congress (ANC) (1991) stated in "Advance to national democracy" that "the immediate issue on the agenda is the question of political power. To affect the transfer of power into the hands of the people as a whole is the most crucial and immediate challenge facing the national democratic movement." The question now is how this power is currently exercised where the ANC is the government and represents the people. Dennis Wrong stated that "politics includes both a struggle for power and a struggle to limit, resist and escape from power". This implies that power is reciprocal. In South African local politics this mutuality of power relations presents different appearances.This article explores whether local power is shifting from the liberation movement as government to the people (considering for example protest politics) and as such whether the power of local government and that of the citizens are necessarily oppositional; or whether the struggle for democracy came full circle and that power is being democratised in a true sense by the people themselves as "governors" of government.

The South African Freedom Charter (1955) states that "The people shall govern" and the African National Congress (ANC) (1991) stated in "Advance to national democracy" that "the immediate issue on the agenda is the question of political power. To affect the transfer of power into the hands of the people as a whole is the most crucial and immediate challenge facing the national democratic movement." The question now is how this power is currently exercised where the ANC is the government and represents the people. Dennis Wrong stated that "politics includes both a struggle for power and a struggle to limit, resist and escape from power". This implies that power is reciprocal. In South African local politics this mutuality of power relations presents different appearances. This article explores whether local power is shifting from the liberation movement as government to the people (considering for example protest politics) and as such whether the power of local government and that of the citizens are necessarily oppositional; or whether the struggle for democracy came full circle and that power is being democratised in a true sense by the people themselves as "governors" of government.

International audience ; Depuis la prise de conscience des impacts présents et potentiels du changement climatique, les réponses se sont davantage focalisées sur la réduction des gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans l'atmosphère, l'« atténuation » (mitigation en anglais), que sur la réduction de la vulnérabilité des sociétés et des écosystèmes face au changement climatique, « l'adaptation ». Aujourd'hui, le changement du climat est perçu comme inévitable. L'adaptation prend donc une importance croissante dans les politiques internationales et nationales, ainsi que dans les initiatives locales. Les politiques abordent l'atténuation et l'adaptation de manière distincte, alors qu'elles sont complémentaires et qu'elles doivent être toutes deux mises en oeuvre à plusieurs échelles, de l'international au local. Les forêts offrent un exemple intéressant de ce que pourrait être cette complémentarité. Les services rendus par les écosystèmes sont déjà reconnus et rémunérés dans les politiques d'atténuation (reforestation et peut-être prochainement déforestation évitée). Quid du rôle des forêts dans l'adaptation ? Comment articuler atténuation et adaptation ?

International audience ; Depuis la prise de conscience des impacts présents et potentiels du changement climatique, les réponses se sont davantage focalisées sur la réduction des gaz à effet de serre (GES) dans l'atmosphère, l'« atténuation » (mitigation en anglais), que sur la réduction de la vulnérabilité des sociétés et des écosystèmes face au changement climatique, « l'adaptation ». Aujourd'hui, le changement du climat est perçu comme inévitable. L'adaptation prend donc une importance croissante dans les politiques internationales et nationales, ainsi que dans les initiatives locales. Les politiques abordent l'atténuation et l'adaptation de manière distincte, alors qu'elles sont complémentaires et qu'elles doivent être toutes deux mises en oeuvre à plusieurs échelles, de l'international au local. Les forêts offrent un exemple intéressant de ce que pourrait être cette complémentarité. Les services rendus par les écosystèmes sont déjà reconnus et rémunérés dans les politiques d'atténuation (reforestation et peut-être prochainement déforestation évitée). Quid du rôle des forêts dans l'adaptation ? Comment articuler atténuation et adaptation ?

'Konsumieren wird vielfach als Teil ökonomischen Handelns thematisiert. Davon ausgehend schlägt der Beitrag ein breiteres Verständnis von Konsum vor, das unterschiedliche Dimensionen berücksichtigt. Im Zentrum steht die Analyse sozialwissenschaftlicher, vorwiegend kultur- und sozialanthropologischer Literatur, die Konsumieren als ökonomisches, soziales und politisches Handeln kontextualisiert. Mit Beispielen aus unterschiedlichen kulturellen Zusammenhängen wird diskutiert, welche Bedeutung Bedürfnisse und Präferenzen für menschliches Konsumverhalten haben, wie Konsum gesellschaftlichen Status konstituiert und identitätsstiftend wirkt. Auch die 'Authentizität' und 'Ursprünglichkeit' von konsumierten Gütern werden thematisiert. Weiters werden lokale Konsumgewohnheiten in globalisierten Gesellschaftszusammenhängen beleuchtet. Eine mehrdimensionale Perspektive auf Konsum soll es ermöglichen, Konsumieren nicht ausschließlich als ökonomisch, sondern als sozial bedeutsam, politisch relevant und individuell gestaltbar zu begreifen.' (Autorenreferat)

This paper is concerned with exploring issues related to local embeddedness. It is based on material provided by a national sample of young people aged 10-12 years and 14-17 years who were invited to write a single page about their lives and the future. Approximately 34,000 young people did so within a school context. The paper is based on a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of a stratified random sample of 4100 of these texts. Firstly it looks at the significance and meaning of the local area. Secondly it looks at their life styles as contexts for the relationship between the global and the local, focusing particularly on those related to media and to sporting activities. The paper concludes by noting that although many aspects of young people's lives draw on global products, the young people remain deeply embedded within local contexts structured by age and gender.

This study considers court reform programmes sponsored by the IMF and World Bank in Indonesia and Venezuela. It aims to broaden the frame of reference of 'globalisation' in law beyond the two traditional sites of human rights and trade. Drawing on a tradition of legal pluralism, it investigates the various sources of 'global' or universalising pressures on the law. The sources and impacts of these efforts may derive from and benefit or disadvantage specific groups in various locations. They will also promote or inhibit particular political, social or economic projects. The study concludes that various constituencies and impulses to reform refer to different versions of the 'universal' for their conception of right and legitimacy. These are neither inherently local nor unambiguously global. Local religious or egalitarian movements may refer to universal religious or political values just as interests in fair commercial dealing can call on international legal norms. In contrast to the local sites where law is performed, these universal sites exist in a multitude of indigenous, religious, political and legal imagined communities, each of which may be invoked in attempts to reform local practice.

This study considers court reform programmes sponsored by the IMF and World Bank in Indonesia and Venezuela. It aims to broaden the frame of reference of 'globalisation' in law beyond the two traditional sites of human rights and trade. Drawing on a tradition of legal pluralism, it investigates the various sources of 'global' or universalising pressures on the law. The sources and impacts of these efforts may derive from and benefit or disadvantage specific groups in various locations. They will also promote or inhibit particular political, social or economic projects. The study concludes that various constituencies and impulses to reform refer to different versions of the 'universal' for their conception of right and legitimacy. These are neither inherently local nor unambiguously global. Local religious or egalitarian movements may refer to universal religious or political values just as interests in fair commercial dealing can call on international legal norms. In contrast to the local sites where law is performed, these universal sites exist in a multitude of indigenous, religious, political and legal imagined communities, each of which may be invoked in attempts to reform local practice.

Contributions from scholars in anthropology, religion, and area studies--stemming from research in East and Southeast Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas collected to represent a form of historically grounded, ethnographically driven social science that seeks to understand social phenomena by dialogically engaging global and local perspectives