Suchergebnisse

In the article the basic methods of crisis management of financial activity of banks are investigated. The constituent elements for the development of the program of financial rehabilitation of Ukrainian banks under the state anti-crisis management have been identified. The typology of stress-testing according to the functional orientation (sphere of use) is described. The types of stress-testing of risks in the banking system, as an instrument of state crisis management, are described. The basic methods of stress testing in the banking system as a tool of state crisis management are offered. The emphasis is on the factors in which stress testing is effective. Determined that the criteria for a successful exit from the crisis of the banking institutions, in addition to these results can be considered the use of certain methods of crisis management financing activities Bank: stop outflow of customers; creation of sufficient reserve of liquid assets; Achieving an optimal balance between assets and liabilities by maturity; reaching an agreement on restructuring with all or an absolute majority of creditors; absence of arrears of the bank before contractors; positive tendencies in returning debts by borrowers, increase of share of standard loans; stable tendency to reduce losses and subsequently — increase of the level of profitability of work; raising capitalization with a sufficient buffer of capital in the event of stress events and a steady excess of regulatory capital over statutory; stabilization of the management at the level of government and key units; closure of unprofitable or unpredictable and long-term business development projects of the bank; completion of the restructuring of the bank's affiliate network.

The Trillion Dollar Silencer investigates the astounding lack of popular protest at the death and destruction that the military industrial complex is inflicting on people, nations, and the environment, and its budget-draining costs. Where is the antiwar protest by progressives, libertarians, environmentalists, civil rights advocates, academics, clergy, community volunteers, artists, et al? This book will focus on how military largesse infests such public sectors' interests. Contractors and bases serve as the economic hubs of their regions. State and local governments are intertwined with the DoD; some states have Military Departments. National Guard annual subsidies are large. Joint projects include aid to state environmental departments for restoration, and government-environmental organization teams to create buffer zones for bombing ranges. Economic development commissions aim to attract military industries and keep the existing bases and corporations. Veterans Administration hospitals are boons to their communities. Universities, colleges, and faculty get contracts and grants from the DoD and its agencies, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The Minerva Initiative. Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs are subsidized by the DoD. Civilian jobs in the DoD provide opportunities for scientists, engineers, policy analysts, and others. Every kind of business and nonprofit, including environmental and charitable organizations like The Nature Conservancy and Goodwill Industries feeds at the DoD trough via contracts and grants. Individuals, arts institutions, charities, churches, and universities succumb to the profitability of military-related investments. Pension funds of public and private employees are replete with military stocks. Philanthropy is another silencer. The DoD itself donates equipment to organizations, especially those of youth, and lends equipped battalions to Hollywood. The weapons firms give generously to the arts and charities, heavily to youth and minorities. They also initiate joint programs such as providing tutors and mentors for robotics teams in public schools. Our militarized economy is destructive and wasteful. How can we replace the multitude of dependencies on military funding and restore the boundary between it and civil society? Surely a first step is to see how military spending results in the complicity of civil society in its pernicious outcomes. That is what this book tries to reveal.

To promote the sustainable development of state-owned forest areas, the Chinese government announced the reform of state-owned forest areas in 2015. It mainly includes the logging ban of natural forests and the separation of government and enterprises. Timely investigation of the changes in the livelihood resilience of worker households before and after the reform of state-owned forest areas is of great significance to the sustainable development of state-owned forest areas. With the application of livelihood resilience theory, we established an evaluation index system from three dimensions of buffer capacity, self-organization, and learning capacity. Taking five forest industry enterprises operating state-owned forest areas in Northeast and Inner Mongolia in China as an example, we measured worker households' livelihood resilience, and identified the key factors of worker households' livelihood resilience. The results showed: (1) The reform of state-owned forest areas has improved the livelihood resilience of worker households in Longjiang, Daxing'anling, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin forest industry groups, but reduced the livelihood resilience of worker households in Changbai Mountain forest industry groups. (2) With the advancement of the reform of state-owned forest areas, the gap of livelihood resilience of worker households of forest industry groups shows an expanding trend. (3) The influencing factors that affect the worker households' livelihood resilience of various forest industry groups are similar. Among them, the education of household head, household head health, household size, work experience, and neighborhood relationships are the key factors that affect the resilience of worker households.

The existence of small lakes, lakes, public ponds, and reservoirs for the Indonesian people is significant and has been used for various basic needs. The conditions of small lakes, lakes, public ponds and reservoirs generally show negative tendency namely pollution, silting, environmental damage and even some of them have been shifted function to land. This study aims to determine the importance of land registration for small lakes, lakes, public ponds, and reservoirs. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through field observation for several samples and secondary data collection for several cases. Furthermore, the data are analyzed empirically by referring to the regulations and practices of the policy. The results obtained indicate that the sustainability of situ, lakes, reservoirs, and reservoirs (SDEW) is disturbed due to human activities. Land registration is one of the efforts to protect the existence of these public water areas. However, not all public water areas can be registered because of their land status. The area of public water to be registered includes the surface area of the water and its buffer zones. The stages of land registration for the area, lakes, reservoirs, and reservoirs are generally the same as for other land registrations. Following the registration of land for the territorial waters, the holder of land rights must actively maintain the control boundary and monitor the physical condition of the lake, reservoirs, and reservoirs from illegal exploitation efforts. In addition, the Government and Regional Governments must be able to raise community participation in maintaining territorial waters and establish cooperation with other parties related to the provisions governed by laws and regulations. This study concludes that land registration for the SDEW area is beneficial due to the improved management, monitoring, and maintenance system through the availability of accurate data and the strong legal basis.

The movement of people from less developed regions of the world to the more advanced countries has been widely studied with regard to its implications for economic growth, international security and socio-political consequences in receiving countries. Turkey, critically placed in one of the most volatile regions of the world, has a very diverse and dangerous neighborhood. Thus, the country plays an important role in the migration of people from neighboring countries to Western Europe as a buffer state. Although Turkey's role as a transit country has been well documented in the literature, what is less known is that the country also receives increasing number of immigrants, both from Middle East but also more recently from Western Europe. This study is an attempt to uncover new aspects of migration concerning Turkey. First it finds that, Turkey is gradually becoming one of the new destinations of migration, as the official statistics clearly demonstrate. Secondly, the study also analyzes a survey data conducted by the authors regarding demographic characteristics, socio-cultural orientations and integration process of the foreign residents in Turkey. The results of the survey research indicate that foreigners are not subjected to any serious and widespread discrimination either by the authorities or by the communities in Turkey. Among the participants, 36.9 per cent state that they have sensed no discrimination when applying for a job or at work places. The percentage of those feeling themselves secure in Turkey is 87.7, while those feeling unsafe is only 12.3 per cent. The major difficulties the foreigners confront are unemployment, economical problems and excessive bureaucratic process especially in obtaining a work permit. Adapted from the source document.

The movement of people from less developed regions of the world to the more advanced countries has been widely studied with regard to its implications for economic growth, international security and socio-political consequences in receiving countries. Turkey, critically placed in one of the most volatile regions of the world, has a very diverse and dangerous neighborhood. Thus, the country plays an important role in the migration of people from neighboring countries to Western Europe as a buffer state. Although Turkey's role as a transit country has been well documented in the literature, what is less known is that the country also receives increasing number of immigrants, both from Middle East but also more recently from Western Europe. This study is an attempt to uncover new aspects of migration concerning Turkey. First it finds that, Turkey is gradually becoming one of the new destinations of migration, as the official statistics clearly demonstrate. Secondly, the study also analyzes a survey data conducted by the authors regarding demographic characteristics, socio-cultural orientations and integration process of the foreign residents in Turkey. The results of the survey research indicate that foreigners are not subjected to any serious and widespread discrimination either by the authorities or by the communities in Turkey. Among the participants, 36.9 per cent state that they have sensed no discrimination when applying for a job or at work places. The percentage of those feeling themselves secure in Turkey is 87.7, while those feeling unsafe is only 12.3 per cent. The major difficulties the foreigners confront are unemployment, economical problems and excessive bureaucratic process especially in obtaining a work permit.

This article interrogates the role of non-state armed actors in the Ukrainian civil conflict. The aim of this article is twofold. First, it seeks to identify the differences between the patterns of military intervention in Crimea (direct, covert intervention), and those in the South-East (mixed direct and indirect – proxy – intervention). It does so by assessing the extent of Russian troop involvement and that of external sponsorship to non-state actors. Second, it puts forward a tentative theoretical framework that allows distinguishing between the different outcomes the two patterns of intervention generate. Here, the focus is on the role of non-state actors in the two interventionist scenarios. The core argument is that the use of nonstate actors is aimed at sovereign defection. The article introduces the concept of sovereign defection and defines it as a break-away from an existing state. To capture the differences between the outcomes of the interventions in Crimea and South-East, sovereign defection is classified into two categories: inward and outward. Outward sovereign defection is equated to the territorial seizure of the Crimean Peninsula by Russian Special Forces, aided by existing criminal gangs acting in an auxiliary capacity. Inward sovereign defection refers to the external sponsorship of the secessionist rebels in South-East Ukraine and their use as proxy forces with the purpose of creating a political buffer-zone in the shape of a frozen conflict. To demonstrate these claims, the article analyses the configuration of the dynamics of violence in both regions. It effectively argues that, in pursuing sovereign defection, the auxiliary and proxy forces operate under two competing dynamics of violence, delegative and non-delegative, with distinct implications to the course and future of the conflict.

Empleando la teoría de la "estructura comunitaria", un muestreo de diarios principales en 20 ciudades grandes en los EEUU examine la cobertura del tema "alimentos transgénicos". Seleccionando todos los artículos de 400+ palabras publicados a través de cinco años (entre 01/01/2000 y 12/31/2004) se compararon sistemáticamente características comunitarias y el "Vector Mediático" de Pollock (combinando en un valor dos medidas de contenido: la "prominencia" de un artículo en un periódico con la orientación o tono). Cobertura "favorable" a alimentos transgénicos fué vinculado con medidas de "vulnerabilidad": porcentaje de pobres (r de Pearson = .624, p = .002); acceso sanitario (porcentaje del presupuesto municipal orientada a asistencia sanitaria, r = .562, p = .005). Sin embargo, cobertura "desfavorable" a alimentos transgénicos fué vinculado también con medidas de alto nivel socioeconómico (educación universitaria o empleo profesional), apoyando una hipótesis de "estabilidad quebrada". El análisis de factores y su regresión revelaron dos factores significativos asociados con alimentos transgénicos: vulnerabilidad (nivel de desempleo), 40% de la varianca, y con numeros de estancias, 50%. ; A geographic cross-section national sample of 20 major US newspapers investigated variations in coverage of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods using a community structure approach. Selecting all 400+ word articles on the topic between 01/2000 and 12/2004 (331 articles) city characteristics were compared systematically with a composite measure of coverage, combining article "prominence" and "direction", to calculate Pollock's "Media Vector" for each newspaper. Favorable coverage of GM Foods was strongly connected to measures of "vulnerability": percent below poverty level (Pearson's r=.624; p=.002) and access to healthcare (percent municipal budget devoted to healthcare, r=.562; p=.005). Yet coverage of GM foods was also negatively linked to measures of "privilege" (percent college educated, r = -.426, p = .031; percent professionals, r = -.379, p = .05), supporting a "violated buffer" hypothesis: Higher proportions of privileged groups in communities are connected with unfavorable coverage of biological threats or threats to a cherished way of life. Factor analysis of city characteristics and factor regression yielded two significant factors regarding GM Food coverage. Vulnerability (unemployment level) accounted for 40+ percent of the variance; adding number of farms in a community yielded 50 percent.

La legislación venezolana sobre leche cruda no acepta la adición de compuestos diferentes a su naturaleza, sin embargo, algunos estudios demuestran la presencia de inhibidores microbianos en leches crudas y procesadas del país. Entre los posibles inhibidores se encuentra la Penicilina G, que puede hallarse en la leche posterior al uso terapéutico en vacas con mastitis. La presencia de este antibiótico en leche, puede causar reacciones alérgicas en personas susceptibles. Por otra parte, contribuye a la resistencia en microorganismos patógenos. En esta investigación se determinó la presencia de Penicilina G en leche pasteurizada elaborada en el estado Zulia. Se analizaron 104 muestras, de 8 marcas comerciales. La determinación del antibiótico se hizo por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC), utilizando la técnica de extracción con fosfato diácido de amonio y metanol, propuesta por Faría y col en el año 2000. La fase móvil consistió en buffer fosfato - metanol (65:35 v/v). El cromatógrafo líquido estaba equipado con una bomba (sistema isocrático), una columna C18, un detector UV Visible, a una longitud de onda de 230 nm y un integrador Class-Vp. Los resultados indicaron que 1 muestra (0,96%), presentó Penicilina G, en una concentración de 0,95 ppm. Esta baja incidencia pudo deberse al descarte del ordeño del animal bajo tratamiento, o a que se estén utilizando antibióticos diferentes a Penicilina G en el tratamiento de la mastitis. Estos resultados son favorables para la población sensible a la penicilina, consumidora del producto, y para la industria encargada de la producción de alimentos derivados de la leche. ; Venezuelan legislation on raw milk prohibits addition of nonnatural milk compounds. However, several studies show the presence of antibiotics on raw and processed milk in this country. Among possible inhibitors Penicillin G can be present in milk after treatment for bovine mastitis. The presence of this antibiotic could cause allergic reactions in people. Penicillin can also increase resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of this research was to detect the presence of Penicillin G in pasteurized milk produced in Zulia State. A total of 104 samples from 8 commercial milk brands were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), using the method proposed by Faria et al (2000). In order to detect Penicillin G, ammonium diacid phosphate and methanol were added to milk. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer: and methanol (65:35 v/v) as an effluent. The equipment consisted of a pump (isocratic condition), a C18 reverse-phase column, an UV-VIS detector at 230 nm and a Class-VP integrator. Results showed that only 1 sample (0.96%) contained Penicillin G, at a concentration of 0.95 ppm. This low incidence could be attributed to the withdrawal of treated cows or to the use of antibiotics different of Penicillin G. The results are favorable to milk consumers and for the dairy industry. ; 683 - 687 ; allara@cantv.net ; Bimestral

Development in harmony is needed, between the buffer zones and urban areas.Development in harmony must demonstrate the important role of buffer zones tourban areas because of the synergy potential of different regions and need eachother. So by knowing the potential of each area required mapping potential areascan provide a buffer for future development plans. This study has the objective to provide information to SMEs located in the Donowarih Village, Karangploso District., Malang Regency, which has good characteristics as a buffer zone for the surrounding urban environment. This study used a qualitative descriptive method. The study states that the majority of SMEs in the village Donowarih still using simple management in the management of its business. Many factors are influential in this regard, education, mental, environmental and other factors. Based on the need for repair and improvement programs that can improve the ability of SMEs and the other is the most important thing the government can directly determine program development program that is in harmony with the state of local characteristics.

Background: Depression is an illness with biological, psychological, and social underpinnings, which may include the interplay of inflammation, psychological traits, stress, social relationships, and cultural background. Aims: This work examines the prospective associations between social relationship quality and depressive symptoms, and between social relationship quality and inflammatory outcomes in two distinct cultures. Methods: Data were obtained from two longitudinal, prospective cohort studies: Midlife in the United States (MIDUS), and Midlife Development in Japan (MIDJA) between 2004 and 2010. One thousand three hundred and twenty-seven community-based adults were included in analyses, 1,054 from the United States and 273 from Tokyo, Japan. Depressive symptoms (measured by the CES-D Depression Scale) and inflammation (measured by blood sample concentrations of the inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) were the outcomes. Social relationship quality was the predictor. Culture, trait independence and interdependence, and psychosocial stressors were examined as moderators of the link between social relationship quality and depressive symptoms. Results: Higher social relationship quality was associated with lower depressive symptoms in the United States (β = −6.15, p < .001), but not in Japan (β = −1.25, p = .390). Social relationship quality had no association with inflammation. Psychosocial stressors moderated the link between social relationship quality and depressive symptoms in both the United States (β = −0.39, p = .001) and Tokyo (β = −0.55, p = .001), such that social relationship quality acted as a buffer against depressive symptoms as psychosocial stress increased. Conclusion: Improving the perceived quality of social relationships appears to be a stronger target for depression interventions in the United States than in Tokyo, Japan.

The major focus of this paper is on the sovereign-banks relationship following the COVID- 19 pandemic crisis outbreak, with a view to gaining an insight into banks' exposure to the sovereign. We rely on a series of complementary research approaches, such as desk research, comparative statistical analysis, exploratory learning algorithm, and a deterministic panel regression framework. The analysis reveals that most EU countries were not prepared for the pandemic crisis as they lacked a financial security buffer. The growing fiscal pressure and lockdown restrictions additionally resulted in an increase in banks' exposure to the government debt market and higher government debt securities exposure on their balance sheets. One of the novelties of the research is the adoption of the gap method in order to measure the changes between banking assets major items (government securities vs. loans) and uncovering the preference for holding a specific type of asset. Additional insight is brought by the clustering solution, which shows increased cross-country heterogeneity in terms of the sovereign-banks relationship. Empirical research shows that banks' involvement in the sovereign debt market is sensitive mainly to negative information related to pandemic occurrence and, to a lower extent, to positive information reflected by government's reactions and economic stimulus measures. In addition, our results reveal there is no crowding-out effect triggered by the pandemic, in terms of lending to the sovereign against lending to the real economy. In the pandemic onset banks did not proceed to a sharp portfolio rebalancing in favor of the sovereign.

Orchidaceae is one of the most representative family of flowering plants. Brazil is considered the diversity center of the genus with more than 2,350 species. The association of phenotypic diversity, wide area of occurrence and unresolved taxonomic issues, makes the family an excellent model to study the dynamic of plant populations. The genus Zygopetalum was used as a model for investigating the evolutionary processes and the origin of diversity in tropical plants. The karyotype, DNA content and meiotic behavior of Z. mackayi and Z. triste from the Ibitipoca State Park (PEI), Minas Gerais, Brazil, were investigated. Apparently, the geographical distribution of different patterns of flower shapes and colors follow the species distribution within the Park, suggesting the occurrence of a particular flower pigmentation for each species. The main question involve the genetic base of individuals with intermediate flower characters. For DNA content estimation, fresh leaves of each sample and the reference standard (Vicia faba) were macerated in LB01 buffer and stained with propidium iodide. The analysis was carried out in a FACSCanto™II flow cytometer and the histograms were analyzed using Flowing Software 2.0. Root tips were pretreated with 8-hydroxyquinoline (2mM) for 24h at 4°C and then fixed in Carnoy. The slides were prepared by cell dissociation after enzymatic maceration. Some slides were assigned to the FISH technique using 5S and 45S rDNA probes. For meiotic analysis, the slides were prepared by squash technique using flower buds. The mean of DNA content revealed only one ploidy level in the population, with14.05 pg of DNA, and only one chromosome number (2n = 96). FISH technique showed no difference in the distribution pattern of rDNA sites among the individuals. Four 5S and 45S sites were observed at subterminal and terminal position, respectively. All individuals showed meiotic alterations. The most frequent abnormalities observed were delayed or lost chromosomes, unequal chromosome segregation and chromosome bridge. Taking all data in account, it seems that Zygopetalum individuals from PEI belongs to the same population, hinder the association between the phenotypic plasticity and the genetic variation at the chromosome level and DNA content. APOIO FINANCEIRO: Fapemig, Capes, CNPq

Globalisation studies claimed that Third World immigrants flock to world cities because of changed income distributions. On this argument, the increasingly hourglass‐shaped income structure of world cities, a product of global restructuring, creates self‐renewing demand for skilled and unskilled workers in those very world cities. Critics have already shown that this argument neglects the intermediary role of migration networks, and that, when account is taken of these networks, a basis exists for explaining why migrations to world cities continue and even accelerate despite deteriorating economic conditions in the destinations. This paper addresses the role of ethnic economies in this perplexing process, arguing that ethnic economies buffer migrations from deteriorating economic conditions in the reception cities. This buffer expands effective demand for immigrant workers while guaranteeing pre‐migrants still at home employment and housing in the destinations prior to their actual departure. Assuming continuing immigration, a given of globalisation, the buffer itself is finally saturated after a lag. When combined with loss of local political toleration, which accompanies increasing poverty among migrants, the buffer's economic saturation finally diverts the migration network to lesser cities of the urban hierarchy where the process of mainstream saturation – buffer expansion – buffer saturation – dispersal repeats. The durability of buffer economies in localities does not depend only on economic conditions. Local political toleration of buffer economies importantly affects the durability of the immigration buffer in any city. To this extent, immigration policy is in the hands of cities, not of states.