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High school and public libraries will find this volume a welcome addition to reference book shelves. Engagingly written, this comprehensive volume gives students an overview of contemporary life in Panama-what religions are practiced, what the cuisine is consumed on a day-to-day basis, and what people wear in urban and rural settings, among many other topics. Modern literature, media outlets, gender issues, education, visual arts, and performing arts are also covered. While the focus is on current customs and contemporary culture, readers will also gain insight into Panama's unique relationshi

Report year irregular ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vol. for 1934 issued by the Bureau of customs of the Philippine islands. ; Report for 1901/02 is found in the third annual report of the Philippine commission. ; Reports for 1898/99-1900/01 are found in the annual reports of the military governor of the Philippine islands.

A chapter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Customs Service's software development maturity and improvement activities, focusing on: (1) the maturity of Customs' software development processes; and (2) whether Customs has an effective software process improvement program."

Description based on: Fall 1998; title from cover. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Many business-to-business (B2B) managers think that customers act rationally and base decisions mostly on price, customer loyalty isn't considered. Companies outsource various activities, which enable them to improve efficiency, reduce costs, focus more on core competencies and improve their innovation capabilities. Supply Chain Management synchronizes the efforts of all parties--particularly suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, dealers, customers--involved in achieving customer's needs. Despite much research, the relationship between customer loyalty and the supply chain strategy remains insufficiently explored and understood by practitioners and academics, while the theme has been extensively developed within marketing literature. Customer Loyalty and Supply Chain Management is the result of years of work by the authors on different projects concerning the overlapping areas of supply chains, logistics and marketing, drawing a connection between the literature to provide a holistic picture of the customer loyalty framework. Emphasis is given to the B2B context, where recent research has provided some clues to support the fact that investment in operations, new technologies and organizational strategy have had a significant role in understanding B2B loyalty, particularly in the context of global supply chains. Moreover, the book provides a modernized and predictive model of B2B loyalty, showing a different methodological approach that aims at capturing the complexity of the phenomenon. This book will be a useful resource for professionals and scholars from across the supply chain who are interested in exploring the dimension of customer loyalty in the challenging supplier and customer context."--Provided by publisher.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the normative character of custom in international humanitarian law (IHL), on the basis of the theory and jurisprudence of public international law, in order to arrive at a better understanding of the conduct of States in conflict situations. In so doing, an attempt will be made to determine the possibilities for developing custom in IHL, especially in view of the increasing concern shown by international public opinion for the plight of victims of armed conflicts. The paper will begin with a review of the questions raised by custom as an independent source of humanitarian law (point 1) and go on to take a closer look at the constituent elements of custom in humanitarian law (point 2). It will end with a comparative study of the two approaches to custom in IHL, concentrating on the consequences that the development of custom may have in the future (point 3).

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the relationship marketing underpinnings, namely: commitment; competence; communication and conflict handling on the one hand and customer loyalty on the other, as well as the mediation effects of trust and relationship quality.Design/methodology/approachBank customers in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia were surveyed using a questionnaire. Bank intercept technique was used in administering the instrument. A total of 220 customers provided the data for the study. Multiple regression analysis was used to measure the construct's relationship.FindingsThe results show that relationship marketing strategies, namely: communication; commitment; competence; and conflict handling are directly and indirectly (through trust and relationship quality) associated with customer loyalty. Moreover, trust and relationship quality are directly associated with loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the study focuses on the banking industry in Malaysia, the outcome may be relevant to other service sectors. By identifying the relevant RM underpinnings in this sector, more researches adapting or replicating the present study in other sectors would help in pushing back the frontier of knowledge in the customer relationship management domain.Practical implicationsThis study unveils how firms can use the relationship marketing (RM) strategy to nurture and keep loyal customers and how to manage the supplier‐customer relationship in the banking sector.Originality/valueNot much is understood about the actual influences of the underpinnings of relationship marketing on customer loyalty from empirical evidence. This research would help organisations in evaluating the results of investments and sacrifices of the firm in building relationships with its customers.