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"We live in an algorithmic society. Algorithms have become the main mediator through which power is enacted in our society. This book brings together three academic fields - Public Administration, Criminal Justice and Urban Governance - into a single conceptual framework, and offers a broad cultural-political analysis, addressing critical and ethical issues of algorithms. Governments are increasingly turning towards algorithms to predict criminality, deliver public services, allocate resources, and calculate recidivism rates. Mind-boggling amounts of data regarding our daily actions are analysed to make decisions that manage, control, and nudge our behaviour in everyday life. The contributions in this book offer a broad analysis of the mechanisms and social implications of algorithmic governance. Reporting from the cutting edge of scientific research, the result is illuminating and useful for understanding the relations between algorithms and power.Topics covered include: - Algorithmic governmentality - Transparency and accountability - Fairness in criminal justice and predictive policing - Principles of good digital administration - Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the smart city This book is essential reading for students and scholars of Sociology, Criminology, Public Administration, Political Sciences, and Cultural Theory interested in the integration of algorithms into the governance of society"--

The Web has become the main source of information in the digital world, expanding to heterogeneous domains and continuously growing. By means of a search engine, users can systematically search over the web for particular information based on a text query, on the basis of a domain-unaware web search tool that maintains real-time information. One type of web search tool is the semantic focused web crawler (SFWC) ; it exploits the semantics of the Web based on some ontology heuristics to determine which web pages belong to the domain defined by the query. An SFWC is highly dependent on the ontological resource, which is created by domain human experts. This work presents a novel SFWC based on a generic knowledge representation schema to model the crawler&rsquo ; s domain, thus reducing the complexity and cost of constructing a more formal representation as the case when using ontologies. Furthermore, a similarity measure based on the combination of the inverse document frequency (IDF) metric, standard deviation, and the arithmetic mean is proposed for the SFWC. This measure filters web page contents in accordance with the domain of interest during the crawling task. A set of experiments were run over the domains of computer science, politics, and diabetes to validate and evaluate the proposed novel crawler. The quantitative (harvest ratio) and qualitative (Fleiss&rsquo ; kappa) evaluations demonstrate the suitability of the proposed SFWC to crawl the Web using a knowledge representation schema instead of a domain ontology.

AbstractScience is a collaborative effort to produce knowledge. Scientists thus must assess what information is trustworthy and who is a competent and honest source and partner. Facing the problem of trust, we can expect scientists to be vigilant. In response to their peers' vigilance scientists will provide reasons, not only to convince their colleagues to adopt their practices or beliefs, but also to demonstrate that their beliefs and practices are justified. By justifying their beliefs and practices, scientists also justify themselves. Reasons in science thus do not only function as tools of persuasion but also to manage reputation. This analysis strongly suggests that science constitutes a moral system, which has implications for the study and philosophy of science.

Each time we take a turn in conversation we indicate what we know and what we think others know. However, knowledge is neither static nor absolute. It is shaped by those we interact with and governed by social norms - we monitor one another for whether we are fulfilling our rights and responsibilities with respect to knowledge, and for who has relatively more rights to assert knowledge over some state of affairs. This book brings together an international team of leading linguists, sociologists and anthropologists working across a range of European and Asian languages to document some of the ways in which speakers manage the moral domain of knowledge in conversation. The volume demonstrates that if we are to understand how speakers manage issues of agreement, affiliation and alignment - something clearly at the heart of human sociality - we must understand the social norms surrounding epistemic access, primacy and responsibilities.--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Philosophy's Contribution to Holocaust Studies -- 2 Ideology, Moral Complicity and the Holocaust -- 3 In a Class of its Own? -- 4 Knowledge, History and the Holocaust -- 5 Persons of Lesser Value: Moral Argument and the 'Final Solution' -- 6 Perpetrator Motivation: Some Reflections on the Browning/Goldhagen Debate -- 7 Moral Responsibility and the Holocaust -- 8 Four Types of Mass Murderer: Stalin, Hitler, Churchill, Truman -- 9 Is Limited Altruism Morally Wrong? -- 10 Harming Some to Save Others from the Nazis -- 11 Tragic Decisions: Removing Jewish Children from their Christian Guardians in Postwar Europe -- 12 Forgiving the Unforgivable? -- 13 Forgiveness and the Holocaust -- 14 The Holocaust and the Possibility of Art -- 15 The Holocaust in American Life as a Moral Text -- Index

Background: Ageing population, high levels of sick leave among eldercare personnel and financial constraints on municipal budgets impact eldercare. Daily care work is complex and ethical dilemmas are constantly present for eldercare personnel. This project aims to a) identify situations that give rise to moral stress, b) study the relationship between moral stress and moral agency c) explore how moral agency can be fostered in eldercare. The argument underpinning this research project is that ethical dilemmas in the work cause moral stress among staff in eldercare. While much research on moral stress highlights the connection between moral stress and negative effects on health and wellbeing, our focus is on the possible connection between moral stress and moral agency. Moral agency encompasses cognitive capacity, feelings, skills, and actions. Methods/Design: This project has a systemic approach to eldercare and interprets eldercare as an advanced system where a range of different skills is required. Participatory action research (PAR) will be used as an overall methodology. Focus-groups and research circles will be conducted with care workers, first line manages and needs assessors. Discussion: An ongoing discussion on relevant knowledge production in research, stresses the importance of participation. This is expressed by concepts such as deliberative democracy, user participation, empowerment, collaboration, follow-up research and citizen dialogue. In our research project we refer to robust knowledge as relevant knowledge that is valid in the eyes of care workers, care municipal needs assessors and first line managers. As the research is performed in collaboration with these three vocational groups, local politicians, and trade unions in three municipalities as well as two educational settings, different sorts of knowledge will be present. This unique stand will show how moral agency, as a response to moral stress, can be the ground for social changes and improve quality of care.

Introduction1. Obligations and Requirements: The Contexts of Knowledge - Lisette Josephides, Queen's University Belfast, UKPart One: Epistemology, Subjectivity and the Ethics of Knowing Others2. Together We Are Two: The Disjunctive Synthesis in Affirmative Mode - Lisette Josephides, Queen's University Belfast, UK3. Desire, Agency and Subjectivity: A Renewal of Theoretical Thinking - Henrietta L. Moore, Cambridge University, UK4. Apologetics of an Apology and an Apologia - Andrew Moutu, Director of PNG Museum and Art Gallery, Papua New GuineaPart Two: Persons, Sociality, and Value: Partibility as Sacrifice, Consumption and Investment 5. Partible Personhood and Sacrifice in Melanesian Christianity: The New Melanesian Ethnography and the Paradox of Contemporary Religious Efflorescence - Mark Mosko, Australian National University, Australia6. Priceless Value: From No Money on Our Skins to a Moral Economy of Investment - Karen Sykes, University of Manchester, UKPart Three: Mobilizing Power and Belonging: The Local in a Global World7. 'Cutting the Network': Mobilisations of Ethnicity/Appropriations of Power in Multinational Corporations - Mitchell W Sedgwick, Oxford Brookes, UK8. 'Real Britons': Idiom and Injunctions of Belonging for a Cosmopolitan Society - Nigel Rapport, University of St Andrews, UKPart Four: Knowledge Exchange and the Creativity of Relationships / Contextualizing and Recontextualizing Knowledge9. Dialogue: Between Marilyn Strathern, University of Durham, UK, Nigel Rapport, University of St Andrews, UK, and Lisette Josephides, Queen's University Belfast, UKBibliographyIndex

"This book investigates the relationship between our present and future selves. It focuses specifically on diachronic self-regarding decisions: choices involving our earlier and later selves, in which the earlier self makes a decision for the later self. The author connects the scientific understanding of the neurobehavioral processes at the core of individuals' perceptions of their future selves with the philosophical reflection on individuals' moral relationship with their future selves. She delineates a descriptive theory of the perception of the future self that is based on empirical evidence and that systematizes and integrates the current theoretical literature. She then argues for the morality of prudence and interprets diachronic self-regarding decisions as decisions between two agents-the earlier and later selves-that belong to the realm of intergenerational ethics, which regulates the relationship between contemporary people and future generations. Finally, the author provides a moral theory of prudence based on respect for one's agency. This theory identifies what the present and the future selves owe to one another in diachronic self-regarding decisions. Moral Choices for Our Future Selves will be of interest to researchers and students working in ethics, moral psychology, philosophy of mind, and cognitive science"--

"The COVID-19 pandemic, whose consequences will be felt in the long term, can be interpreted as the harbinger of what we call the pandemic era. This pandemic era is humanity's common ground, so the moral problems inherent in it are of interest to everyone from now on. It brought a set of moral challenges that cannot be ignored. This book - which emerged amidst the novel coronavirus crisis - is designed to fill the gap in the current literature on the topic, offering an original approach to its moral implications. It can be taken as a guide in the face of this pandemic era challenges for human relations. The pandemic is a multifaceted phenomenon, and its debate involves a wide variety of practical philosophical concerns. All the chapters of this book, divided into four sections, aim to clarify its central aspects. Each chapter is an original approach to the debate's leading issues and relies on each most significant collaborator's knowledge. Also, they reflect their unique pandemic experiences under the scrutiny of philosophical unrest. Since the pandemic is an ongoing event, Moral Challenges in a Pandemic Age will be of interest to teachers, students, and researchers interested in understanding the ethical dimension of the era we are experiencing. The problems addressed in this collection transcend the boundaries of the mere philosophical field, offering an innovative approach to individuals interested in discussing the pandemic from a moral point of view. Such a discussion encompasses the philosophical lot but is not restricted to it. Those interested in related areas such as psychology, sociology, biology, public health, education, anthropology, and cultural studies - to name a few - will find connections with parallel themes in this book. In addition, the collection brings a theoretically supported approach to several related discussions in a language accessible to anyone who wants to know more about the topic"--

The early modern period was characterized by the diversification of knowledge as a result of technological, institutional, socio-cultural, and epistemic breakthroughs as well as intercultural influences. This volume examines the resulting transformations in learned discourses about morality and ethics in contemporary literary and philosophical texts

In the lean and anxious years following World War II, Munich society became obsessed with the moral condition of its youth. Initially born of the economic and social disruption of the war years, a preoccupation with juvenile delinquency progressed into a full-blown panic over the hypothetical threat that young men and women posed to postwar stability. As Martin Kalb shows in this fascinating study, constructs like the rowdy young boy and the sexually deviant girl served as proxies for the diffuse fears of adult society, while allowing authorities ranging from local institutions to the U.S. military government to strengthen forms of social control

Accounting is the language of business, increasingly standardized across the world through powerful global firms. This ethnographic study shows how decisions and judgements are actually reached, exploring the links between technical knowledge, professional judgement, and ethics.

Most strains of cosmopolitan theory assume that Western societies must undergo significant changes in the name of global justice. This essay explores the difficult problem of motivation: Why should people willingly sacrifice for a larger global identity or for the needs & interests of people in the future? Given that knowledge of the future is absent, & reciprocity with people of the future is impossible, it is difficult to conceive of a morally acceptable motivation for the changes required by cosmopolitan conceptions of justice. These obstacles can be overcome, at least in terms of the near future, through the promulgation of "future-oriented projects.". K. W. Larsen