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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Outline of the Book -- Part I Science and Democracy -- 1. Emerging Technologies, Deliberations, and Democracy -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Studies of Science -- 1.3 Nanotechnology in Society -- 1.4 Engagement 'Market' -- 1.5 Deliberative Democracy and Governance -- 2. Overview of a Set of Deliberative Processes on Nano -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Major Findings from Reviews -- 2.2.1 Initiation -- 2.2.2 Organisation -- 2.2.3 Content -- 2.2.4 Participation -- 2.2.5 Reasoned Process -- 2.2.6 Results -- 2.3 General Conclusions -- Part II Citizen-Oriented Deliberative Processes -- Introduction to Part II -- 3. Citizens' Nano Conference in Denmark -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Description of the Process -- 3.3 Review of the Process -- 3.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives -- 3.3.2 Organisation -- 3.3.3 Participation -- 3.3.4 Results of the Process -- 3.4 Deliberation Criteria -- 3.5 Summarising Appraisal -- 4. The NanoJury in the United Kingdom -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Description of the Process -- 4.3 Review of the Process -- 4.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives -- 4.3.2 Organisation -- 4.3.3 Participation -- 4.3.4 Results of the Process -- 4.4 Deliberation Criteria -- 4.5 Summarising Appraisal -- 5. Consumer Conference on the Perception of Nanotechnology in the Areas of Food, Cosmetics, and Textiles, Germany -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Description of the Process -- 5.3 Review of the Process -- 5.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives -- 5.3.2 Organisation -- 5.3.3 Participation -- 5.3.4 Results of the Process -- 5.4 Deliberation Criteria -- 5.5 Summarising Appraisal -- 6. French Conferences Cycle on Nanotechnology: Nanomonde -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Description of the Process -- 6.3 Review of the Process -- 6.3.1 Initiatives and Objectives -- 6.3.2 Organisation -- 6.3.3 Participation.

The seemingly unlimited technological potential of nanotechnology brings with it new practices of governance, networking, and exercising power and agency. Focusing on scholars in the Global South, this text covers nanotechnology discourses, imaginaries, and materialities as they circulate and interact within governance knowledge networks. Rather than adapt their actions to existing governance mechanisms and science, technology, and innovation policy, researchers use the imaginary of nanotechnology to create new symbolic and material incentives, thus shaping its governance. By tracing the constantly shifting asymmetries of knowledge and power, the book offers fresh insights into the dynamics of knowledge networks.

It is predicted that nanotechnology (NT) will bring revolutionary changes in many areas, with the potential for both great benefits and great risks. Developments in the military could entail specific dangers, containment of which will need special analysis and effort. Military research and development in NT is expanding rapidly. Potential future applications span all areas of warfare. Special dangers to arms control and stability may arise from new biological weapons and microrobots. For humans and society, non-medical body implants – possibly made more acceptable via the military – raise a number of problems concerning human nature. Further research is needed to find the best way to avoid possible dangers. For the near and medium term, several guidelines for limits and restrictions are suggested. As a first step, transparency and international cooperation should be improved.

41 pages ; Despite knowing little about nanotechnology (so to speak), members of the public readily form opinions on whether its potential risks outweigh its potential benefits. On what basis are they forming their judgments? How are their views likely to evolve as they become exposed to more information about this novel science? We conducted a survey experiment (N = 1,850) to answer these questions. We found that public perceptions of nanotechnology risks, like public perceptions of societal risks generally, are largely affect driven: individuals' visceral reactions to nanotechnology (ones likely based on attitudes toward environmental risks generally) explain more of the variance in individuals' perceptions of nanotechnology's risks and benefits than does any other influence. These views are not static: even a small amount of information can generate changes in perceptions. But how those perceptions change depends heavily on individuals' values. Using a between-subjects design, we found that individuals exposed to balanced information polarize along cultural and political lines relative to individuals not exposed to information. We discuss what these findings imply for understanding of risk perceptions generally and for the future of nanotechnology as a subject of political conflict and regulation.

Carbon can produce a wide variety of systems and nanostructures with different dimensionality as exemplified by fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, all with peculiar properties of great interest for fundamental and applied research. In this framework sp-hybridized carbon atoms can arrange to form atomic wires with size dependent functional properties. The sp form of carbon has a long story passing through astrophysics and minerals found in meteor craters and, although still considered elusive and unstable, nowadays a number of nano-systems constituted by or containing sp-carbon wires have been produced and characterized. As graphene is considered the thinnest material (one-atom thick), carbon atomic wires represent true 1-dimensional systems (one- atom diameter) with a great potential for nanoscience and nanotechnology. The status of research on carbon atomic wires is here discussed, starting from the description of ideal systems to real structures, showing that the properties can be tuned by controlling the wire length (i.e. number of carbon atoms) and termination (atom, molecular group or nanostructure). Synthesis techniques are presented as well as strategies to have stable wires. A particular attention will be given to the use of vibrational spectroscopy to provide insight on the structure and electronic properties of these systems. Perspectives for novel devices based on the exploitation of the electronic properties of these systems are also discussed.

Since around 50 years ago, the academic world is developing knowledge and technology to understand and to control matter at the nanoscale in order to exploit the peculiar mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties emerging when a discrete number of atoms is assembled in structures which must be described according to the weird rules of quantum mechanics. This huge know how, commonly named Nanotechnology, was nucleated according to deployment strategies mainly defined and funded worldwide by governmental institutions in order to create the base for their further industrial exploitation and to provide an expectedly large socioeconomic impact. In the following, we will give a brief overview of the main applications of nanomaterials and an estimate of their value, based on the forecasts provided by some market research companies. In particular, we will briefly disclose the application of nanomaterials in the fields of Electronics & ICT, Energy and Environment, and, in particular, in the highly rewarding field of Nanomedicine. Further, we will highlight some key aspects of the deployment policies undertaken around the world which still are a key prerequisite for a full exploitation of the potential of Nanotechnology.

People in contemporary industrial societies encounter countless novel materials that did not exist previously, many of which present risks to health and environment. In this article, we build on the concept of "materials sovereignty" as the right of people to use and be surrounded by environmentally benign, non-toxic, and renewing materials in their everyday lives. As a rights-based approach, materials sovereignty may help change the politics of governing materials. We suggest that social movements that explicitly base interventions into design on materials sovereignty may be better able to gain traction in changing industrial production. We consider the case of nanotechnology as a particularly challenging field for social movement intervention. We review several pathways that have been used by social movement organizations in attempts to influence the development of nanomaterials, but which have met with limited success. We more closely examine three participatory pathways through which social movements could intervene more directly into material design: participatory technology assessment, collaboration with industry, and co-design. We identify three key elements of materials sovereignty: participatory knowledge systems, which create multi-directional flows of knowledge and agency; the embedding of citizen voices into design processes; and building accountability systems. Of the pathways we examine here, co-design appears to be the most promising from a theoretical and ethical perspective, but there remain significant institutional and organizational challenges for bringing it into practice.

Frontmatter -- Preface: Converging technologies from the nanoscale require enhanced ethics -- Forewords -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Introduction: Overall vision of ethics in nanotechnology developments -- Embedding ethics in nanomedicine: Europe acted promptly -- List of contributing authors -- About the editors -- Part I: International reflection -- 1 Toward a revitalized vision of ethics and safety for the revolutionary nanotechnologies -- Part II: Nanotechnology expansions raising ethical concerns -- 2 Nanotechnology in agrifood sector: Ethical, regulatory, and governance landscape in EU -- 3 Defining nanoscience and nano-ethics: why does the future need nanoproducts? -- 4 Streaching the notion of moral responsibility in nanoelectronics by appying AI -- 5 Risk screening tools for engineered nanomaterials -- 6 Nano-ethics: A view from a developing country -- Part III: Nanotechnology philosophy: Dilemmas and ethical issues -- 7 Christian thinking and acting in nanotechnologies: Reflection based on the principles and values of the Social Teaching of the Church based on apps concerning old people -- 8 Ethical imperatives towards the development prospects of the triad of Dentistry 4.0, dental engineering, and nanoengineering -- 9 Debate: Nanoparticles – a blessing or a curse? -- 10 The broad spectrum of ethics in nanoscience and nanotechnology: A reflection from scientific research to the media -- Part IV: Ethical recommendations for promising technology -- 11 From big statements to anecdotal and incremental regulation: Nanotechnology and the law in the EU -- 12 Emerging nanoregulations: zapping the mythical absence of nanotechnology law -- 13 Contemporary global bioethical challenges of innovation in nanoscience and nanotechnologies. Contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals -- 14 Nanotechnology and ethics in dialogue -- 15 Revitalizing nano-ethics: Nanotechnology at the center of nano-ethics -- 16 Reflections on nano-ethics the way forward toward equitable and safe nanotechnology for all -- Conclusion -- Index

This book is the first systematic and comprehensive presentation of the potential military applications of nanotechnology (NT). After a thorough introduction and overview of nanotechnology and its history, it presents the actual military NT R & D in the USA and gives a systematic description of the potential military applications of NT. These may include--in 10-20 years--extremely small computers, miniature sensors, lighter and stronger materials in vehicles and weapons, autonomous systems of many sizes, and implants in soldiers' bodies. These potential applications are assessed from a viewpoint of international security, considering the new criteria of dangers for arms control and the international law of warfare, dangers for stability through potential new arms races and proliferation, and dangers for humans and society.

Front Cover -- Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety -- Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety: Risks, Regulation, and Management -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Author Biographies -- Foreword: Perspective on Responsible Development of Nanotechnology -- Preface -- 1 - Precaution -- 1 - Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety-Learning From the Past, Preparing for the Future -- TREND 1. 21ST CENTURY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES INNOVATIVE GOVERNANCE SOLUTIONS -- TREND 2. MORE EFFECTIVE TOOLS ARE NEEDED TO ENHANCE THE DATA-TO-DECISION PROCESS -- TREND 3. DECISIVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ARE NEEDED FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES -- TREND 4. INVESTMENTS IN INFRASTRUCTURE HELP PROPEL RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION -- TREND 5. CONSUMER INTERACTIONS WITH NANO AND OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ARE LIKELY TO INCREASE -- TREND 6. LESSONS LEARNED FROM NANO CAN INFORM EHS RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND REGULATION OF OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGY ... -- REFERENCES -- 2 - Lessons From 10 Years of Nanotechnology Bibliometric Analysis -- 2.1 BACKGROUND -- 2.2 RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS -- 2.3 LESSONS LEARNED -- REFERENCES -- 3 - Nanotechnologies: The Catalyst for Responsible Research and Innovation -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 THE RISE OF RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION -- 3.2.1 THE PRERESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT DAYS -- 3.2.2 RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT-ITS EMERGENCE IN THE 2000S (PHASE 1) -- 3.2.3 RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS EVOLUTION TO RRI IN THE LATE 2000S (PHASE 2) -- 3.2.4 ACADEMIC UNDERSTANDING OF RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION -- 3.3 KEY RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION INITIATIVES -- 3.3.1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CODE OF CONDUCT -- 3.3.2 RESEARCH FUNDING PROGRAMS -- 3.4 RESPONSIBLE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION TODAY -- 3.4.1 HUMAN COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT -- 3.4.2 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

This EPA STRIVE research fellowship report presents a literature review and fieldwork data for a project that investigated how the topic of nanotechnology can be engaged with by both experts on the topic and nonexperts. The first objective was to map out what can be said about knowledge of nanotechnology in contemporary Ireland. All perspectives on nanotechnology were taken on board, analysed and synthesised, including deviations from the accepted truths about nanotechnology. While perspectives on environmental and health implications were of particular interest, they were not the primary focus in discussions, unless raised by participants and commentators. Methods used for this study included an awareness survey and media and document analyses. The second objective was to pilot a series of nanotechnology communication events, which would provide the basis of a future communications/ consultation strategy for policy-makers. The types of activities used in these events included focus groups, a 'citizens' jury', online forums and an installation in the Science Gallery in Dublin. The contributions from these activities also added to the first objective of addressing nanotechnology knowledge. The third and final objective was to report to the EPA, in order to aid future environmental research associated with public communication and wider science communication and technology assessment policy by the Irish government. The following was concluded from this project: • Scientists were the most prominent voices in public discourse about nanotechnology, but mostly in the context of commercial exploitation and innovation. • Environment and health risks and benefits were tied to social and ethical considerations very closely and participants in public engagement activities were at least as concerned about governance and equity issues (in terms of how nanotechnology is controlled) as they were about the environmental and health implication • Scientists were the most prominent voices in public discourse about nanotechnology, ...