Suchergebnisse

Data drawn from a study of local political participation by clergy in Indianapolis are used to examine why clergy in low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be politically active than their counterparts in other neighborhoods. Five hypotheses were tested: self-selection (politically motivated clergy choose low-income congregations); personal stake (clergy working in low-income areas are more aware of social problems & have a personal stake in improving them); membership (low-income churches have members who expect political leadership from their clergy); leadership vacuum (low-income neighborhoods have few professionals other than clergy able to assume leadership roles); & government attention (clergy in low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be asked to participate by government officials or others concerned with government actions). The results of Poisson multiple regression combined with the classic elaboration paradigm showed existence of a leadership vacuum & government attention to be particularly effective mechanisms in mobilizing urban clergy in low-income areas. Self-selection & membership also impacted the higher rate of clergy political activity but personal stake had little effect. 2 Tables. J. Lindroth

This article examines New Labour's approach to joined-up government within UK urban policy. In particular, it analyses the government's success in achieving greater degrees of integration in urban governance. It suggests that the growth in the number of multi-sectoral partnership schemes and area-based urban policies under Labour produced tensions with key elements of its joined-up government agenda. The article examines the rationale underpinning the government's approach to 'joined-up governance' and explores the processes by which the government sought to encourage the reorganization of urban governance through the institutional development of strategic and single-purpose partnership bodies. It also highlights the effects of these processes on the ground through an examination of developments in the city of Sheffield. It explores changes in the structure of urban governance in the city in response to national restructuring and local agendas, highlighting the importance of local leadership in providing coherence to urban governance and indicates some democratic tensions that have arisen.

Data drawn from a study of local political participation by clergy in Indianapolis are used to examine why clergy in low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be politically active than their counterparts in other neighborhoods. Five hypotheses were tested: self-selection (politically motivated clergy choose low-income congregations); personal stake (clergy working in low-income areas are more aware of social problems & have a personal stake in improving them); membership (low-income churches have members who expect political leadership from their clergy); leadership vacuum (low-income neighborhoods have few professionals other than clergy able to assume leadership roles); & government attention (clergy in low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be asked to participate by government officials or others concerned with government actions). The results of Poisson multiple regression combined with the classic elaboration paradigm showed existence of a leadership vacuum & government attention to be particularly effective mechanisms in mobilizing urban clergy in low-income areas. Self-selection & membership also impacted the higher rate of clergy political activity but personal stake had little effect. 2 Tables. J. Lindroth

What is urban politics really about? Despite decades of research, there is still considerable disagreement about the relative roles of race, class, ideology, partisanship, and other factors in shaping the urban vote. In this article, we assemble a wide range of data on a diverse set of urban elections and offer a more explicit empirical test of what shapes urban politics. Our results suggest that local elections are partly an ideological battle, partly a partisan contest, and at least marginally linked to class, religion, and morality. Race, however, is the dominant factor in the local electoral arena. Local elections are in no small part a competition between blacks, whites, Latinos, and Asian-Americans over the leadership of their cities. We also assess how and why these divides vary across cities and electoral contexts finding that a theory of realistic group conflict best predicts patterns in the vote.

The traditional city is in the process of transformation into the metropolis (Met). This new form of human settlement has been made possible & necessary by increasing productivity & DofL. It is the result of the interaction of 2 waves of migration, a long-distance movement from center to periphery. The Met is surrounded by a Met'an region. The Met performs the traditional city function of central leadership & the traditional countryside function of material production. The majority of the pop in developed countries live in Met'an areas, though each Met'an pop is dispersed over a large territory containing both Ur-developed land & open areas, with places of work & residence separated. Residential areas are segregated according to class or income of their residents; the 'good neighborhood' is a protected status symbol. Mfg is moving toward the satellite towns within Met'an regions, & the Met itself is becoming the center of service industry. These are the characteristics of the Met which produce a pattern of land use based on central business, industrial, residential, & open areas. In modifying the natural pattern of the Met to make it better, contradictory desiderata will have to be accommodated.

With no clear model for ethical cybersecurity leadership, the field of cybersecurity is largely unregulated. The advances in technology and the Internet of Things come at a price—security. Since there is a lack of regulation, no clear guidelines exist. Furthermore, there is a gap in the literature to identify a set of global ethical standards for cybersecurity leaders. This article proposes an international model of ethical standards with three ethical propositions to ensure the users of technology in today's global industry remain confident in the corporations entrusted with the users' information.

School and district effectiveness studies show that high levels of student achievement are possible when schools and the district act as coordinated units of change. There is also a growing recognition that principals cannot lead alone and that school leadership teams (SLTs) are essential to the improvement process. Limited studies have explored the mental models of central office, principals, and teachers who are members of SLTs. We hypothesize that when SLTs and the central office engage collaboratively in professional development about the tasks of leadership, shared mental models are more likely to develop. A case study methodology is used and multiple sources of data are analyzed through two theoretical lenses: tasks of leadership and mental models. Findings indicate a growing congruence between the district and SLTs' mental models regarding the tasks of leadership. This study is significant in showing that with professional development, SLTs could serve as an important bridge between the central office and the schools in ways that can enhance coordination, depth, spread, and commitment to district reforms.

Author William Upski Wimsatt covers a truly remarkable array of topics and perspectives, all while recounting his own evolution from idealistic urban wanderer to community organizer, from graffiti writer to renowned essayist. Wimsatt delivers stories, strategies, suggestions, straight talk, and conversations with maverick activists. He advocates youth taking charge of their own education, whether it's in or out of school, and promotes the power of young people engaging in philanthropy. A truly original treatise from the paradigm-flipping theorist of youth activism, No More Prisons goes beyond pinpointing problems to hone in on solutions, and declares that today's youth is poised to surpass the activist efforts of the 1960s generation

Urban politics is shifting from the politics of ethnics to the politics of dispersed inequalities. The two patterns differ in their base of political support, form of social power structure emerging from the base, type of leadership, and economic rewards.

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- PART 1: BACKGROUND AND SCOPE -- 1. Introduction and Preview -- 2. Context of Change: Decentralization and State Reform in Latin America -- 3. Research Questions: Inventing Decentralized Government -- 4. Selection of Cases and Methods -- PART 2: CASES -- 5. FISCAL MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL RESOURCE MOBILIZATION -- 5-1. The Politics of Participation in Tijuana, Mexico: Inventing a New Style of Governance -- 5-2. Tax Management in the Municipalities of Valledupar and Manizales, Colombia -- 6. ADMINISTRATIVE PERFORMANCE AND MANAGEMENT -- 6-1. Modernizing a Provincial Public Sector: An Experiment in Mendoza, Argentina -- 6-2. Changing the Managerial Mindset: The FONDEVE in Conchalí, Chile -- 7. PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL AND REGIONAL DECISIONMAKING -- 7-1. Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil -- 7-2. Improving Basic Infrastructure in Mendoza, Argentina: MENPROSIF -- 8. PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION -- 8-1. Innovative Urban Transport in Curitiba, Brazil -- 8-2. Partnering for Services in Santa Cruz, Bolivia -- 9. PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION -- 9-1. Partnering in Cali, Colombia, for Planning and Management -- 9-2. Privatizing Ports and Mines in Venezuelan States -- 9-3. Municipalities, Banks, and the Poor in Shelter and Infrastructure of Nicaraguan Cities -- PART 3: LESSONS FOR DONORS AND POLICYMAKERS -- 10. CHALLENGE FOR DONORS-SUSTAINING THE ENGINE OF REFORM -- 10-1. Promoting Democracy through Decentralization and Strengthening Local Governance: USAID's Approach and Experience -- 10-2. Policy Choices and Institutional Dynamics of Decentralization: Operational Implications for Technical Cooperation -- 11. Conclusions and Policy Lessons.

The traditional city is in the process of trans formation into the metropolis. This new form of human settle ment has been made possible and necessary by increasing pro ductivity and increasing division of labor. It is the result of the interaction of two waves of migration, a long-distance movement from country to city and a more recent short-distance movement from center to periphery. The metropolis is sur rounded by a metropolitan region. The metropolis performs the traditional city function of central leadership plus the tradi tional countryside function of material production. Thus, the majority of the population in developed countries live in metropolitan areas, although each metropolitan populace is dis persed over a large territory containing both urban-developed land and open areas, with places of work and residence sepa rated. Residential areas are segregated according to class or income of their residents; the "good neighborhood" is a fiercely protected status symbol. Manufacturing is moving toward the satellite towns within metropolitan regions, and the me tropolis itself is becoming the center of service industry. These are the characteristics of the metropolis which produce a pattern of land use based on central business, industrial, residential, and open areas. In modifying the natural pattern of the metropolis to make it better, contradictory desiderata will have to be accommodated.

This study examines two case studies of failed leadership in school-based professional development. We describe the two initiatives and look to current leadership theories to help account for the events that occurred. The sociologist Bourdieu's concept of habitus offers an approach to understanding the relationship between individual agency and structural determinism. Chaos and complexity theory conceptualize organizations from a systems level where relationships and connections among all constituents—both inside and outside—are the focus. In addition, transformational and charismatic leadership theories allow for a consideration of leadership characteristics. While much can be learned from failed attempts, a comparative analysis of failed and successful strategies may assist leaders in avoiding the pitfalls of these challenging times while simultaneously providing strategies for success.