Suchergebnisse

This article examines the UN policies encouraging emigration from the Palestinian refugee camps through educating Palestinians and sending them for work abroad. Data show that emigration is more related to certain types of employment, especially skilled labor and white-collar jobs, than to employment per se. The data were collected, through personal interviews, from Dair El Balah refugee camp in Gaza Strip in 1986. There are 291 observations representing individuals who are 19 years old or over. A major conclusion of this study is that the educational policies initiated and operated by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) contributed to the dispersion of about one third of the refugees in the 1960s and the 1970s.

The history of the emigration of Bulgarian Muslim Turks to Turkey is more than a century old. The violation of the human rights of ethnic Turks by the totalitarian regime during the 1980s resulted in the most massive and unpredictable migration wave ever seen in that history. This article examines the complexity of factors and motivations of the 1989 emigration which included almost half of the ethnic Turks living in Bulgaria and constituting until that time 9 percent of the total population. The author considers the strong and long-lasting effect of this emigration—followed by the subsequent return of half of the emigrants after the fall of the regime—both on Bulgaria's economy and on the political life of the society. The article aims also at providing a better understanding of the character of ethnic conflicts in posttotalitarian Eastern Europe.

This study evaluates the degree of assimilation of Japanese immigrants in Brazil and relies on sociological and demographic data emerged in previous research. The increase of interethnic marriages, adoption of the Portuguese language, and change in religious affiliation indicate a beginning of cultural and structural integration. The Brazilian goal, however, of a culturally and racially homogeneous nation can not be achieved in the immediate future: the agricultural frontier settlements of Japanese ethnic groups are still separate from the mainstream of Brazilian life. But isolation and homogeneity both appear disfunctional for a sound integration, which demands the acceptance of the ethnic factor and participation in the larger society.