Suchergebnisse

In spring 2017, New York Times correspondent Patrick Kingsley went to Turkey to cover the lives of Syrian refugees. In Istanbul, Kingsley met Abu Mohammed, a former surgeon's assistant from Syria, who between 2015 and 2016 had helped to facilitate the passage of refugees from his home country into Greece. After narrowly escaping death in his own failed attempt to reach Europe, Mohammed had earned some USD 800,000 with 'smuggling' activities. He himself spoke of a 'dirty business', but it had also been more than just a business—the refugees whom he had helped reach Europe included relatives and even his own son. Kingsley also met 15-year-old Syrian Ismail Alanzi, a refugee working 'up to 11 hours a day, six days a week' on a farm in the east of Turkey—much more than the limit set by Turkish law for someone his age. With his father unable to find employment, however, the burden of supporting the family fell upon Ismail. He earned about TRY 800 (USD 225) per month for his toil, which was little more than half of the statutory minimum wage in the country. Ismail also received permission for his family to set up a tent on the land of his employer as they struggled to find proper housing. Turkish law restricts refugees to residing in the province where they are registered, but the family had moved in search of work.

With few exceptions, African countries have suffered perennial bad governance, bloody civil wars, and coups-d'état. The continent suffocates in the grip of political elites and military juntas. Capitalism as an economic system empowers a few who lord it over the weak majority. The ruling class also contributes to the suffering of the masses by flagrantly looting the nation's treasury and flaunting it while the majority of the populace wallow in abject poverty. African writers problematize and diagnose this scenario and the Weltschmerz bedevilling African socio-political life, in a bid to offering lasting solutions, in the process experimenting with 'home-made' as well as 'imported' ideologies in the struggle for the African utopia. Vincent Egbuson, a 'new-generation' African writer, is indubitably a committed writer. In confronting the African socio-political malady in Womandela, he has adopted divergent ideologies to sharpen his social vision. The purpose of this study is, accordingly, to scrutinize the ideological bent of Egbuson's novel and to determine its efficacy against the backdrop of the socio-political reality of contemporary Africa.

When influencing the allocation of federal dollars across the country, do presidents strictly pursue maximally efficient outcomes, or do they systematically target dollars to politically influential constituencies? In a county-level analysis of federal spending from 1984 to 2008, we find that presidents are not universalistic, but particularistic—that is, they reliably direct dollars to specific constituents to further their political goals. As others have noted, presidents target districts represented by their co-partisans in Congress in the pursuit of influencevis-à-visthe legislature. But we show that, at much higher levels, presidents target both counties within swing states and counties in core states that strongly supported the president in recent elections. Swing state particularism is especially salient during presidential reelection years, and core partisan counties within swing states are most heavily rewarded. Rather than strictly pursuing visions of good public policy or pandering to the national median voter, our results suggest that presidents systematically prioritize the needs of politically important constituents.

In the article it is described the Kazakh khanate during the period of reign of Kassym khan. It is spoken in detail the role of Kassym khan in the history of Kazakh khanate. Much attention is given to the policy of internal affairs which Kassym khan led and the policy in relation to the neighboring khanates. It draws our attention to the way how Kassym khan did expand the territory of the khanate. Author, also, gives valuable information on the word "kazakh": the emergence and the utilization of this word, and about the collection of tribes and their transformation to "kazakhs". The article is concluded describing the bravery of the soldiers that were in the army of Kazakh governors.

Focusing on Mexico, this article makes two departures from existing studies of the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI): (1) it disaggregates investment into three types (resource-, market- and efficiency-seeking); and (2) it models variation in investment subnationally, across the 32 Mexican states. Using panel data for foreign investment between 2000 and 2009, we find that the predictors of subnational variation in investment go beyond simple geographic and economic conditions and include factors such as local political party control, social stability and the perceived effectiveness of state authorities. Moreover, the three types of investment are shaped by distinct social, political and economic dynamics. Insofar as the location and type of foreign investment can affect economic development and inequality within -- and not just between -- countries, the subnational distribution of investment is of consequence for both academics and policy makers. Adapted from the source document.