Suchergebnisse

In concluding a contract, the thing being concluded and assigned is a contract which is a credit existence considered as object of assignment. However in assigning liabilities and debts, the thing being assigned is a debt, which is called debt for the debtor and right for the creditor, whether this liability or debt is due to a contract or due to a crime or civil liability and tortious liability. In novation, what is important is fall of the previous obligation and establishment of the new one. Hence in novation you cannot only rely on assigning obligation with the previous status, since the previous obligation does not remain anymore. This is while making an contract has this advantage that without any necessity to fall of the previous obligation, position of the obligor and obligee can be replaced. Each contract, from viewpoint of each of the parties to the contract, bears two parts including rights and obligations. According to the aforementioned issues, rights and obligations can be assigned separately. Now, when one party to the contract assigns both rights and obligations caused by a contract in a legal action, actually an assignment of contract has occurred. In other words, assignment of contract is total assignment of rights and assignment of obligations. Therefore, in comparing these subjects, assignment of contract is general and the other two are specific.

Indonesia and Malaysia are the major exporters of palm oil in South East Asia. South East Asia Regional Trade Agreement can affect worldwide trade flow of palm oil. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the Regional Trade Agreement on the trade flows of Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil. The effect is analyzed with gravity model. The result shows positive dynamic effect of Free Trade Agreement to palm oil trade flow. Regional Trade Agreement has higher impact to Malaysia than Indonesia due to dissimilar government policies.

In the post-Cold War era, the issues of nationalism, ethnopolitics, and ethnic conflict have been most pressing in the three Transcaucasian states -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia -- and in the North Caucasus region of the Russian Federation. The Caucasus is extraordinarily diverse, with a rich and complicated history; along with significant linguistic diversity is a diversity of ethnically-defined "autonomous areas" that often do not coincide with the actual territorial distribution of ethnic groups, many of whom have conflicting territorial claims. The combination of extreme ethnic diversity, administrative recognition of certain minority peoples but not others, and competing territorial claims accounts, in part, for the political violence and instability in the region since the late 1980s. This has been a considerable security concern for the West, including the United States, especially due to the risk that conflict could draw in regional powers -- such as Russia, Turkey, and Iran -- and due to the oil and gas reserves in the Caspian Sea region. This is a report from the 1997 Caucasus Conference.

This master's thesis examines the international community's lack of interest in interfering in the Rwandan genocide that took place in the spring of 1994 as an act of theatre. The argument of the paper is that the leaders of the most powerful Western nations knew that a genocide was taking place in Rwanda, but due to the lack of strategic importance of this small eastern African nation, action to stop the genocide was considered unnecessary. However, in an attempt to maintain their public image, certain Western countries, namely the United States, France, and Belgium, seemed to be actively working on a resolution to end the violence in Rwanda on the arena of the United Nations (UN). When looking back at the real intentions and actual actions of these states, one is reminded of a theatrical play. All the elements of a dramatic piece of theatre are present; actors with dual interests trying to convey the audience of their concern over a nation left at the hands of an oppressive regime. This is why this paper examines case Rwanda by using sociologist Erving Goffman's theatrical frame. With Goffman's theatrical frame as the method of the study, this thesis is methodoriented. Goffman identifies the key elements of a play as follows: the theatre where the play takes place, the actors, and the audience. For the purpose of this thesis, the theatre is the UN. The actors are individual states, carrying different roles. As in any dramatic performance, the classic roles of villains and heroes can be identified. The audience of this play is the international public. Theoretical framework of the paper is provided by discussion about the justification of humanitarian intervention. Three opposing views are presented. Realists oppose intervention to preserve the balance of power. State moralists approve of it with certain conditions, however underlining the autonomy of a state and its people. The cosmopolitan view considers state sovereignty to be inferior to international society of individuals, and thus advocates humanitarian intervention in all crisis situations.