Suchergebnisse

We investigated the relationship between teachers' emotional intelligence (EI) and self-efficacy, and tested whether this relationship was mediated by teaching performance. Participants were 467 Chinese middle school teachers (312 women; 66.8%). They completed 3 questionnaires relating
to EI, self-efficacy, and teaching performance. The results showed that the total effect of EI on self-efficacy was .61, indicating that higher EI is positively correlated with a higher level of self-efficacy. This relationship was partially mediated by teaching performance. In the mediating
model for teaching performance, the direct effect of EI on teachers' self-efficacy was .23 and the mediating effect of teaching performance on the relationship between EI and teachers' self-efficacy was .45. In addition, both the direct and mediating effects were invariant across gender and
teaching experience. These results indicate that an increase in EI largely enhances teachers' self-efficacy only when emotional skills are successfully used to improve teachers' performance.

The relationship between inequality and civil conflict has attracted considerable interest in conflict research. Recent large-N studies have shown that inequalities significantly contribute to the outbreak of civil conflict and have proposed a number of causal pathways to account for this. These pathways, however, have rarely been assessed in systematic case-based research. This study implements a "middle-N" qualitative congruence analysis of 16 conflicts, focusing on the observable implications of the pathways through which inequalities are typically theorized to influence conflict. The study finds evidence to support some of the main pathways proposed in the quantitative literature. Furthermore, the analysis finds that different types of inequalities relate to different conflict categories. Specifically, vertical inequalities relate to non-ethnic governmental conflicts (via an "individual deprivation pathway"), regional inequalities to non-ethnic territorial conflicts (via a "separatist pathway"), and horizontal inequalities to ethnic conflicts (via a "group deprivation pathway").

Tribes are the keeper of nature. About 92 percent of the tribal community in India lives in dry, forested or hilly areas. They primarily depend on Agriculture and Minor Forest Produce (MFP) to sustain their life. The central part of India, The middle belt and the north-eastern states are the main adobe of tribal community in India. Tribal arts of India are deeply rooted in tradition and have evolved their own techniques and characteristics. Different Tribe arts are increasingly recognized as a independent art forms having distinct aesthetic beauty. All the art factors that give a distinct individuality to an artistic creation like composition, line, colour, texture and rhythm. In this research paper socio-economic development of Tribes in India through art has been analysed in depth. A special approach should have been formulated by the Indian Government with protection and integration of tribes as its principal objective of all-round development of tribes

Surakarta and Yogyakarta Palace are two palaces that historically connected and both are located in the middle of Surakarta dan Yogyakarta region. They offer nearly the same tourist products, but they have significantly different tourist numbers. Whereas, Surakarta Palace itself has various potential tourist attractions to visit. This study aimed to measure quality and define the prospect of tourism component development in Surakarta Palace. This research used questionnaire with random sampling technique which later supported by observation and interview to the parties concerned. This study found out that : (1) the tourism component quality in Surakarta palace is different compared to Yogyakarta palace due the lack of diversity in attractions and limited amenities choices. (2) But Surakarta Palace has wide range of potential that can be well-developed. (3) The support from local government and community have not enough yet to encourage the improvement of tourism component's quality in Surakarta Palace.

Urbanization and the development of middle and working classes has been proposed as a key explanation for political change in the Western world. This article argues that the traditional inheritance systems practiced across Europe have played an important role in the differential development of these urban classes in the period 1700-1900. Inheritance systems which practice some degree of inequality between heirs will lead to more children, generally younger brothers, leaving the land and taking up urban occupations. A statistical analysis of geographical data shows that regions in which such unequal inheritance was practiced were two to three times more likely to develop urban areas after 1700. This claim is robust to a number of challenges, including country fixed effects, and to only looking at Western Europe. An important mechanism through which the divergence may have occurred is illustrated through a quantitative analysis of pairs of brothers in the UK and Romania, two countries with opposing inheritance traditions.

The relationship between inequality and civil conflict has attracted considerable interest in conflict research. Recent large-N studies have shown that inequalities significantly contribute to the outbreak of civil conflict and have proposed a number of causal pathways to account for this. These pathways, however, have rarely been assessed in systematic case-based research. This study implements a "middle-N" qualitative congruence analysis of 16 conflicts, focusing on the observable implications of the pathways through which inequalities are typically theorized to influence conflict. The study finds evidence to support some of the main pathways proposed in the quantitative literature. Furthermore, the analysis finds that different types of inequalities relate to different conflict categories. Specifically, vertical inequalities relate to non-ethnic governmental conflicts (via an "individual deprivation pathway"), regional inequalities to non-ethnic territorial conflicts (via a "separatist pathway"), and horizontal inequalities to ethnic conflicts (via a "group deprivation pathway").

Cilj je istraživanja ustanoviti kritične čimbenike uspjeha participacije privatnoga sektora u vodoopskrbi zemalja s niskim i srednjim dohotkom. Mogućnosti iznalaženja kritičnih čimbenika prikazani su kroz studiju slučaja participacije privatnoga sektora u vodoopskrbi Manile, općenito najvećega projekta participacije privatnoga sektora u oblasti vodoopskrbe. Na ovaj način pokazuje se da su od presudnoga značaja kvaliteta resursa vodovoda, snaga konzorcija, privrženost partnera, javna podrška i političko okruženje. ; The purpose of the research is to establish critical success factors of private sector participation in the case of water supply services of low and middle income countries. The possibility of establishing these factors is presented through a case study of private sector participation in Manila's water supply services, generally the largest private sector participation project in water supply. By applying that approach it is found that the quality of operator's resources, the strength of consortium, partners' commitment, public support and the political environment are of crucial importance.

AbstractUrbanization and the development of middle and working classes have been proposed as a key explanation for political change in the Western world. This article argues that the traditional inheritance systems practiced across Europe have played an important role in the differential development of these urban classes in the period 1700–1900. Inheritance systems that practice some degree of inequality between heirs will lead to more children, generally younger brothers, leaving the land and taking up urban occupations. A statistical analysis of geographical data shows that regions in which such unequal inheritance was practiced were two to three times more likely to develop urban areas after 1700. This claim is robust to a number of challenges, including country fixed effects, and to only looking at Western Europe. An important mechanism through which the divergence may have occurred is illustrated through a quantitative analysis of pairs of brothers in the UK and Romania, two countries with opposing inheritance traditions.

AbstractSocieties divided along ethnic or religious lines suffer from persistent conflict and underprovision of public goods. Scholarly understanding of how to strengthen intergroup cooperation remains limited. In this study, we set out to test the effectiveness of two interventions on intergroup cooperation: cross‐group expert appeal and participation in a cross‐group discussion. The laboratory‐in‐the‐field experiment is set in Lebanon's capital, Beirut, and involves interactions between 180 Shia and 180 Sunni Muslim participants. We find that the expert appeal increases intersectarian cooperation in settings that do not entail reciprocal exchange. On average, cross‐sectarian discussions do not improve cooperation, but those discussions in which participants delve deeply into the conflict's causes and possible remedies are associated with greater cooperation. Neither intervention diminishes the effectiveness of sectarian clientelistic appeals. The policy implication of our study is that intergroup cooperation can be strengthened even in regions as bitterly divided as the Middle East.

Social preference, perceived popularity, and aggression have been studied in the past using traditional methods of statistical analysis. To extend the literature in this area, I used social network analysis to investigate the characteristics of students with a high status in networks
of social preference and perceived popularity. I collected data from 283 middle-school students using name generator questionnaires. Most characteristics of students with a high status within the 2 network types were similar to the average characteristics of the sample. Social preference and
perceived popularity were significantly and positively associated with athletic ability and aggression, whereas age was significantly and negatively related to aggression. I identified students of high social status with clear characteristics in the 2 network types. Contrary to findings obtained
in previous research, I found that aggression contributed to social preference. My findings have implications for the development of programs to address popular individuals' antisocial behavior.

Although young men's subjectivity continues to be defined in terms of their heterosexual performance, they feel vulnerable when women increasingly resist submission to men's desire and control. However, the sexual objectification of women, driven by consumerist urban culture and commercial media, is rapidly pushing the boundaries of men's (hetero)sexual expression. Men are thus compelled to renegotiate their masculine heterosexual subjectivities in response to women's resistance and the demands of the moralistic middle-class society. Based on the performativity-performance framework, this article uses focus group data with Hong Kong college men to illustrate the ways that Chinese young men are "performatively vigilant," resorting to different cultural and discursive resources to construct multiple and diverse subjectivities in defining manhood and responding to their vulnerabilities in different relational contexts. In this process, the hegemony of men as sexually and culturally superior to women and in control of themselves and the situation is propagated.

Contemporary public discourses in the United States about the "war on terror" are pervaded by cultural discourses of human-animal intimacy set in contexts of nationalism, humanitarianism and militarism: specifically discourses of American "puppy love" and Middle Eastern "hatred of dogs." These two intimately interconnected discourses work to shift boundaries between human and animal: one set of discourses dehumanizes everyone positioned as potential "terrorists"—including people in Iraq and Afghanistan figured as "enemy others"; the other set of discourses humanizes military working dogs and dogs adopted from Iraq and Afghanistan. Considering these discourses together highlights how the boundary between human and animal is unstable and intimately connected to gendered and sexualized processes of racialization deployed for political purposes. The shifting value ascribed to some dogs' lives in the "war on terror" emerges at the nexus of the racialized, gendered and sexualized discourses of human exceptionalism and orientalism, working to iteratively reproduce unstable boundaries.

This article examines the middle-class work culture of Friends, reading it as a text imbued with both Restorative and Reflective Nostalgia. I argue that the "insulated precarity" of Friends' protagonists, and their seeming nonchalance about work, marks out the show as a prime example of a Clinton-era "boom" text and as a one that struggles with rising anxiety inherent in neoliberalism. I focus on the role of Chandler Bing, who quits his nondescript office job to follow his dreams, before realizing he does not know what they are, and ends up in advertising. I argue that while Friends' self-reflexive comic mode facilitates sympathetic treatment of Chandler as a "New Man," his perpetual crisis of masculinity (his infertility, his periodic reliance on his wife's income, and the constant questioning of his sexuality) is related to the lack of purpose in his career and, thus, the changing work culture that characterized the period.

For Europe, four security challenges predominate: Russian revanchism, Islamist terrorism, the migrant crisis, and the associated problems of civil war and state collapse in the Middle East and North Africa. For India, the environment looks very different. Its two most important security challenges are cross-border terrorism from Pakistan-based militant groups, often sponsored by the Pakistani intelligence services, and the steady growth of China's economic and military presence along India's land and maritime borders, including as part of the Belt and Road Initiative. These differing priorities risk pushing Europe and India in different directions. India's hope is that an improved US-Russia relationship will create a thaw in Europe, allowing all parties—India, Europe and the US—to focus on addressing China's rise. But there is little sign of such a shift at present. However, there is considerable room for greater convergence on a range of issues, such as maritime security, Afghanistan and counterterrorism.

AbstractIn the middle of the first decade of this century new technological innovations enabled the extraction of natural gas through the use of hydraulic fracturing within gas‐bearing shale and other unconventional energy reserves. As a consequence, many places, often in economically lagging rural areas, saw dramatic change as they were socially and economically transformed through rapid natural resource development. Although scholarship on so‐called boomtown development has long explored social disruption associated with the sudden influx of workers and rapid economic development, this literature has tended to overlook the ways in which such development can create new poverty in the very midst of economic expansion. This article, through an examination of key informant interviews with low‐income residents and human service providers within Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale region, discusses the contradictory processes by which new insecurity and social exclusions may be created precisely as a consequence of economic expansion associated with rapid natural resource development.